Abstrict A refrigeration system comprises a display case having an exterior
and an interior. A fan blows or draws air across an evaporator coil
to cool the display case. The air is blowing over a viewing area
to create an air curtain. At least one sensor obtains environmental
data, which is fed to a control unit. The control unit communicates
with the fan and adjusts the air curtain based on the sensed environmental
data.
Claims What is claimed is:
1. A refrigeration system comprising: a display case having an
exterior and an interior; a coil cooling air in said display case;
at least one fan, driving air across said coil to said display case;
a viewing area in said display case, having an outlet on one side
of said viewing area that blows air from said at least one fan to
an inlet on the other side of said open viewing area that returns
air to said at least one fan; a duct for communicating air between
said fan and said outlet; at least one sensor for obtaining environmental
data outside of said duct; and a control unit in communication with
said at least one environmental sensor, for controlling said fan
based on said environmental data.
2. The refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein said control unit
alters the rate of air moved by said fan based on said environmental
data.
3. The refrigeration system of claim 2 wherein said control unit
alters the angle of a fan blade of said fan.
4. The refrigeration system of claim 2 wherein said control unit
alters the hertz rating of said fan.
5. The refrigeration system of claim 2 wherein said control unit
alters the speed of said fan.
6. The refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein at least one fan
comprises at least a first fan and a second fan controlled separately
by said control unit.
7. The refrigeration system of claim 6 wherein said control unit
may control the rate of air moved by each of said fans differently.
8. The refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein said environmental
sensor comprises a temperature sensor.
9. The refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein said environmental
sensor comprises a pressure sensor.
10. The refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein said environmental
sensor comprises a humidity sensor.
11. The refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein said environmental
sensor senses environmental data from an exterior space outside
of said display case.
12. The refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein said environmental
sensor senses environmental data within an interior display space
of said display case.
13. A method of controlling air flow rates in a refrigeration case
comprising: providing a display case with a first fan and a second
fan for driving an air curtain to separate an interior of said display
case from an exterior of said display case; sensing an environmental
conditions; and controlling the first fan separately from the second
fan based upon said sensed environmental conditions.
14. The method of set forth in claim 13 wherein said sensed environmental
condition is taken from a location exterior to said display case.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the speed of said fan is increased
or decreased based upon said sensed environmental data.
16. The method of claim 13 including the step of generating a first
air flow from the first fan and generating a second air flow from
the second fan, the first air flow greater than the second air flow.
17. The refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein said at least one
sensor is located at least partially outside of said duct.
18. A refrigeration system comprising: a display case having an
exterior and an interior; a coil cooling air in said display case;
a first fan and a second fan for driving air across said coil to
said display case; a viewing area in said display case, having an
outlet on one side of said viewing area that blows air from said
first fan and said second fan to an inlet across said viewing area
that returns air to said first fan and said second fan; at least
one sensor for obtaining environmental data; a control unit in communication
with said at least one environmental sensor, for controlling said
fan based on said environmental data; and wherein said first fan
and said second fan are controlled separately by said control unit.
19. A refrigeration system comprising: a display case; a coil cooling
air in said display case; at least one fan driving air across said
coil to said display case; an open viewing area in said display
case, having an outlet on one side of said viewing area that blows
an air curtain to an inlet on the other side of said open viewing
area that returns air to said at least one fan; at least one sensor
for obtaining environmental data; and a control unit in communication
with said at least one environmental sensor, for controlling said
at least one fan based on said environmental data wherein said air
curtain separates an interior storage space for displaying product
from an exterior space located outside of said display case, said
at least one sensor located in at least one of spaces.
20. The refrigeration system of claim 19 wherein said at least
one sensor is located in said interior storage space.
21. The refrigeration system of claim 19 wherein said at least
one sensor is located in said exterior space. Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a variable velocity air curtain for a
refrigeration display case.
Supermarkets and retailers of other perishable goods use refrigerator
display cases to both refrigerate and display such goods. Generally,
these display cases are simple and unsophisticated refrigeration
units that comprise a case and an open viewing area that permits
consumers to reach into the refrigerated section of the case to
retrieve the perishable item. A curtain of air is typically blown
across the viewing area from the top of the case down to a warm
air return at the bottom of the case. The air travels to an air
inlet of the return that feeds the air back to a fan that draws
the air not only into the inlet but across an evaporator coil that
cools the air. The fan is fixed in speed, blowing a constant amount
of air across the viewing area. This air curtain serves to create
a wall of air that prevents warm air from outside of the case from
entering the interior of the case.
Given the open nature of the display case, environmental conditions
may affect the interior temperature of the refrigeration unit. Specifically,
if the temperature of a location, such as a store, is high, the
interior of the display case may also warm. Moreover, frequent intrusion
into the display cases' interior by consumers reaching for and removing
product may also affect the temperature within the interior. Current
systems have few effective mechanisms for addressing changing exterior
and interior environmental conditions about the refrigeration display
case.
A need therefore exists for a display case that may account for
these environmental conditions and cool the interior of the display
case in a cost effective manner.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises a refrigeration display case that employs
an environmental sensor and a control unit that controls the fans
to alter the rate of air flow across the viewing area of the display
case. The refrigeration system comprises a display case, an evaporator
coil, fans, a viewing area set across the display case, at least
one sensor for obtaining environmental data, and a control unit.
The control unit controls the speed of the fans based on the sensed
environmental data.
By controlling the speed of the fans, the control unit alters the
rate of air moved across the viewing area, providing more or less
cold air depending on the sensed environmental conditions. The control
unit may adjust the rate of air by altering the speed of the fan,
altering the Hertz rating of the fan, or altering the angle of the
fan blades of the fan.
Additionally, the control unit may control more than one fan separately.
This allows the control unit to alter the rate of air moved by each
of the fans together or differently. The control unit may receive
environmental data from a wide variety of sensors. One sensor may
provide data on air pressure. Another sensor may provide data concerning
ambient humidity. Moreover, the environmental sensor may also sense
temperature. The environment may be sensed both inside of the display
case and outside of the display case. This data is communicated
to the control unit which makes a determination as to the correct
amount of air required for the specific environmental conditions.
In this way, the refrigeration system offers an inexpensive and
efficient mechanism for accommodating the changing environmental
conditions in a supermarket or other retail establishment. The refrigeration
system has the opportunity to obtain a wide variety of environmental
data and make intelligent decisions to control temperature within
the display case. This system may be employed practically because
it may incorporate existing sensors and computer controls.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The various features and advantages of this invention will become
apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed
description of the currently preferred embodiment. The drawings
that accompany the detailed description can be briefly described
as follows:
FIG. 1 illustrates a side profile of the embodiment of the invention,
a refrigeration system.
FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of the embodiment of FIG. 1, highlighting
the open viewing area of the display case.
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic view of the control system used
to adjust the amount of air flow across the open viewing area.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention, refrigeration
system 10. Refrigeration system 10 comprises display case 14, evaporator
coil 18, fan panel 22, control unit 52 and sensor 44. As known,
display case 14 is cooled by evaporator coil 18. Fan panel 22 draws
air from inlet 40 and blows the air across evaporator coil 18. Air
travels up rear duct 72, which distributes some air along the direction
of arrow C under shelves 60. Shelves 60 are lit by lights 64. Air
not distributed in the direction of arrow C continues to travel
up rear duct 72 to top duct 68. Top duct 68 has an outlet 36, which
forces air in the direction of arrow B across open viewing area
32. Air from outlet 36 is then drawn to inlet 40, thereby forming
air curtain 56 across open viewing area 32. Warm air in the direction
of arrow A from exterior 80 of display case 14 is thereby limited
from affecting the temperature of interior 76.
The novel aspect of this refrigeration system is the use of environmental
sensors 44, 48 and control unit 52 to control the rate of air forming
air curtain 56. Environmental sensors 44 and 48 may comprise such
commonly available sensors as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor,
a humidity sensor, or other sensor known to affect refrigeration.
Environmental sensor 44 and environmental sensor 48 are both in
communication with control unit 52, which is programmed to alter
the rate of air blowing from fan panel 22 based on the sensed environmental
data so that the desired temperature level is maintained in interior
76 of display case 14. Sensor 44 may sense environmental data of
exterior 80 of display case 14 while environmental sensor 48 may
sense environmental data of interior 76 of display case 14. Environmental
sensor 48 may also comprise a refrigeration pressure sensor sensing
pressure within evaporator coils 18.
The temperature information is used to be directly proportional
to the air rate flow. As an example, should the temperature either
outside or inside the display case increase, then the air flow rate
would also desirably increase. As the environmental humidity increases,
then the air flow rate would desirably increase as sensed by an
environmental pressure sender. Moreover, as the pressure sensor
on the refrigerant circuit associated with the coil increases, then
it can be determined that the cooling load also increases.
It may be desirable to decrease air flow rate to reduce the load
on the refrigerant circuit. Alternatively, if the circuit is on
a defrost cycle, it may be desirable to increase the air flow rate
to assist in defrosting.
FIG. 2 shows a front view of refrigeration system 10. Display case
14 has outlet 36 blowing air across viewing area 32 to inlet 40.
As shown, display case 14 has no doors, permitting easy access to
products stored on the shelves of the case. However, the present
invention may be employed on refrigeration systems having doors
or other closures.
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic representation of the invention.
Shown are control unit 52, environmental sensor 44, environmental
sensor 48, fan panel 22 having first fan 24 and second fan 28, evaporator
coil 18 and air curtain 56. Control unit 52 communicates with environmental
sensor 44 and environmental sensor 48. Based on data from these
sensors, control unit 52 is programmed to control separately and
individually fan 24 and fan 28 of fan panel 22. This separate control
of fans 24 and fan 28 allows air curtain 56 to comprise air front
82 and air front 86 that have different rates of air flow. Fan 24
moves air across evaporator coil 18 to form air front 82. Fan 24
controls the rate of air flow of air curtain 56 to create air front
82. Fan 28 moves air across coil 18 to form air front 86. Fan 28
controls air front 86 and its movement across open viewing area
32. Thus, air current 56 may comprise two different air fronts 82,
86 that move at different rates. In this way, not only may each
air front be controlled based on environmental data but they may
also be controlled separately to maximize and efficiently cool display
case 14.
The rate of air blown across evaporator 18 by fan 24 and fan 28
may be adjusted by using commercially available fans. Control unit
52 may control the angle of fan blades with known adjustable fans.
As known, by controlling the angle, volume and velocity of air driven
by the fan may be altered. Known adjustable speed fans that may
be controlled by control unit 52. Moreover, commercial fans exist
that also allow the Hertz rating of each fan to be adjusted to thereby
change the rate of air blown from the fan. An inverter having a
variable hertz rating may be used to alter the speed of the fan
motor, such as a synchronous motor, to thereby alter the air flow
rate. By controlling the inverter, the air flow rate may be altered.
One of ordinary skill in the art can envision other techniques to
permit control unit 52 to control the amount of air blown by fans
24 and 28.
The aforementioned description is exemplary rather that limiting.
Many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible
in light of the above teachings. The preferred embodiments of this
invention have been disclosed. However, one of ordinary skill in
the art would recognize that certain modifications would come within
the scope of this invention. Hence, within the scope of the appended
claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically
described. For this reason the following claims should be studied
to determine the true scope and content of this invention. |