Abstrict The present invention is a mobile crusher and a method for controlling
the same, wherein the most suitable amount of crushed substances
can be always secured so as to obtain crushed substances having
a desired particle size distribution. To this end, the crusher mechanism
includes an actual rotational speed changing means (1 2 3); an
actual rotational speed detecting means (4); a rotational speed
setting means (7) for setting at least one target rotational speed
Nm for the crusher mechanism (13) and for setting, for each target
rotational speed Nm, a rotational speed Na indicating a starting
of supplying raw materials and a rotational speed Nb indicating
a stopping of the supplying of raw materials; and a control means
(6) for controlling the crusher mechanism such that an actual rotational
speed N coincides with the target rotational speed Nm, starting
the supplying of raw materials from a raw material supply device
(14) when the actual rotational speed N increases to a rotational
speed Na, and stopping the supplying of raw materials when the actual
rotational speed N decreases to the rotational speed Nb.
Claims We claim:
1. A crusher apparatus comprising:
a raw material supply device;
a crusher mechanism mounted so that said crusher mechanism can
crush raw materials which are supplied from said raw material supply
device;
an actual speed changing means, for changing an actual speed N
of said crusher mechanism;
an actual speed detecting means, for detecting said actual speed
N;
a speed setting means, for setting at least one target speed Nm
of said crusher mechanism, and for setting for each thus set target
speed Nm a speed Na, of said crusher mechanism indicating a starting
of supplying raw materials to said crusher mechanism, and a speed
Nb, of said crusher mechanism indicating a stopping of supplying
raw materials to said crusher mechanism; and
a control means, said control means controlling said actual speed
changing means so that said detected actual speed N coincides with
said target speed Nm when said crusher mechanism is operated at
a target speed Nm which has been set, said control means starting
a supplying of raw materials from said raw material supply device
when said actual speed N is increased to said speed Na, and said
control means stopping a supplying of raw materials from said raw
material supply device when said actual speed N is reduced to said
speed Nb.
2. A crusher apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said
speed setting means is capable of setting a plurality of target
speeds Nm of said crusher mechanism, and of setting a speed Na and
a speed Nb for each of said plurality of target speeds Nm, and wherein
said speed setting means permits an operator to select any one of
said plurality of target speeds Nm.
3. A mobile crusher apparatus in accordance with claim 2 wherein
said crusher mechanism comprises an impact crusher mechanism.
4. A mobile crusher apparatus in accordance with claim 2 wherein
said crusher mechanism comprises a jaw crusher mechanism.
5. A mobile crusher apparatus comprising:
a mobile carriage;
a raw material supply device;
a crusher mechanism, said crusher mechanism and said raw material
supply device being mounted on said mobile carriage so that said
crusher mechanism can crush raw materials which are supplied from
said raw material supply device;
an actual rotational speed changing means, for changing an actual
rotational speed N of said crusher mechanism;
an actual rotational speed detecting means, for detecting said
actual rotational speed N;
a rotational speed setting means, for setting at least one target
rotational speed Nm of said crusher mechanism, and for setting,
for each thus set target rotational speed Nm, a rotational speed
Na, of said crusher mechanism indicating a starting of supplying
raw materials, and a rotational speed Nb, of said crusher mechanism
indicating a stopping of supplying raw materials; and
a control means, said control means controlling said actual rotational
speed changing means so that said detected actual rotational speed
N coincides with said target rotational speed Nm when said crusher
mechanism is rotated at a thus set target rotational speed Nm, said
control means starting a supplying of raw materials from said raw
material supply device when said actual rotational speed N is increased
to said rotational speed Na, and said control means stopping a supplying
of raw materials from said raw material supply device when said
actual rotational speed N is reduced to said rotational speed Nb.
6. A mobile crusher apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein
said speed setting means is capable of setting a plurality of target
rotational speeds Nm of said crusher mechanism, and of setting a
rotational speed Na and a rotational speed Nb for each of said plurality
of target rotational speeds Nm, and wherein said speed setting means
permits an operator to select any one of said plurality of target
rotational speeds Nm.
7. A mobile crusher apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein
said crusher mechanism comprises an impact crusher mechanism.
8. A mobile crusher apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein
said crusher mechanism comprises a jaw crusher mechanism.
9. A method for controlling a crusher mechanism which crushes raw
materials supplied from a raw material supply device, said method
comprising the steps of:
setting at least one target speed Nm;
setting, for each target speed Nm which is set, a speed Na of said
crusher mechanism indicating a starting of supplying raw materials,
and a speed Nb of said crusher mechanism indicating a cessation
of supplying raw materials;
controlling an actual speed N of said crusher mechanism so that
the actual speed N of said crusher mechanism coincides with said
target speed Nm when said crusher mechanism is operated at a target
speed Nm which has been set;
starting a supplying of raw materials to said crusher mechanism
when said actual speed N is increased to said speed Na; and
stopping the supplying of raw materials to said crusher mechanism
when said actual speed N is reduced to said speed Nb;
thereby obtaining crushed substances of a desired particle size
distribution.
10. A method in accordance with claim 9 wherein each target speed
Nm, each speed Na, each speed Nb, and each actual speed is a rotational
speed.
11. A method in accordance with claim 9 wherein said crusher mechanism
comprises an impact crusher mechanism.
12. A method in accordance with claim 9 wherein said crusher mechanism
comprises a jaw crusher mechanism.
13. A method in accordance with claim 9 wherein said step of setting
at least one target speed Nm comprises:
setting a plurality of target speeds Nm; and
selecting any one of said plurality of target rotational speeds
Nm for controlling an operation of said crusher mechanism.
14. A method in accordance with claim 9 wherein said step of setting
at least one target speed Nm comprises:
setting a low target speed, a medium target speed, and a high target
speed; and
selecting any one of the thus set target speeds for controlling
an operation of said crushing mechanism.
Description RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part application of copending
International Application PCT/JP96/00076 which designated the U.S.,
which has an international filing date of Jan. 19 1996 published
as WO96/22833 Jan. 8 1996 and which claims priority to Japanese
Patent Application 7-27356 filed on Jan. 23 1995.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a mobile crusher, which crushes
materials with a crusher mechanism, and to a crusher control method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
An example of a mobile crusher, which is illustrated in FIG. 9
is equipped with a mobile carriage 12 a crusher mechanism 13 a
raw material supply device 14 a belt conveyer 15 and an engine
(not shown) which serves as a direct and common driving source for
the crusher mechanism 13 the raw material supply device 14 and
the belt conveyor 15. Raw materials, such as natural stones, concrete
lumps, asphaltic lumps, etc., are supplied from the hopper 14a of
the raw material supply device 14 and are crushed within the crusher
mechanism 13; and the resulting crushed substances are conveyed
to the outside by the belt conveyer 15.
There are various kinds of crusher mechanisms 13. For example,
an impact crusher mechanism is illustrated in FIG. 10 and is configured
by mounting a rotor 134 having a plurality of impact blades 133
on its outer perimeter, within a container 132 which is provided
with at least one repulsion plate 131 mounted on an inner wall of
the container 132. By rotating the rotor 134 the raw materials
supplied from the raw material supply device 14 (specifically, from
a hopper 142 via a feeder 141 for introducing a determined amount)
are forced against the repulsion plate 131 by the rotating impact
blades 133 and are crushed. Accordingly, the impact crusher mechanism
has a characteristic that the faster the rotational speed N of the
crusher mechanism 13 (more particularly, the rotor 134) becomes,
the finer the particle size distribution becomes if the amount of
the raw material supplied is the same.
By utilizing the above-described characteristic, the crusher mechanism
13 can be operated to produce crushed substances of a desired particle
size distribution by maintaining a constant rotational speed N.
However, if large lumps and very hard substances are mixed in the
raw materials, the rotational speed N is varied, even if the amount
of the raw materials supplied is the same. By regulating the rotational
speed of the engine, the variation in the rotational speed N can
be reduced. However, if especially large lumps or especially hard
substances are mixed in the raw materials, the rotational speed
N is greatly decreased, and not only is it impossible to obtain
crushed substances of a desired particle size distribution, but
also the crusher mechanism 13 can be damaged. As a measure against
the damage problem, it has been proposed to automatically stop the
raw material supply device 14 when the rotational speed N of the
crusher mechanism 13 is reduced to a specified rotational speed
Nb, and to automatically start the raw material supply device 14
when the rotational speed N is increased to a specified rotational
speed Na (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 5-266522).
However, the above-described proposition has the following disadvantages.
(1) A variation in the rotational speed of the crusher mechanism
13 affects the engine rotational speed. As a result, when the rotational
speed of the crusher mechanism 13 is varied, the driving speed of
the raw material supply device 14 and the belt conveyer 15 which
have the same driving source as the crusher mechanism 13 are also
varied. When the driving speeds of the raw material supply device
14 and the belt conveyer 15 are varied by the load, the rotational
speed of the crusher mechanism 13 is also varied by the resulting
variation in the rotational speed of the engine. As a result, there
exists the disadvantages that the crushing efficiency is reduced,
and that the obtained particle size distribution varies greatly.
(2) Only one pair of specified rotational speeds Na and Nb is set
for the rotational variation of the crusher mechanism 13 when the
raw material supply device 14 is automatically started or stopped.
Therefore, when the engine speed (specifically, the target rotational
speed Nm of the crusher mechanism 13) is set higher to obtain crushed
substances of a fine particle size distribution, the difference
from the rotational speed Nb is increased (specifically, the permissible
range of the rotational variation of the crusher mechanism 13 is
expanded), so that obtaining a fine particle size distribution is
difficult. On the other hand, when the engine rotational speed (specifically,
the target rotational speed Nm) is set lower, the difference from
the rotational speed Nb is decreased (specifically, the permissible
range of the rotational variation of the crusher mechanism 13 becomes
narrow), the rotational speed N of the crusher mechanism 13 easily
becomes a set value Nb, and the raw material supply device 14 is
easily stopped. Thus, there is a disadvantage of reducing the crushing
efficiency. Since a target rotational speed Nm less than a specified
rotational speed Nb cannot be set, there is also a disadvantage
of being unable to obtain crushed substances of a particle size
distribution corresponding to the target rotational speed Nm.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is made to eliminate the above described
disadvantages, and its object is to provide a mobile crusher and
a crusher control method by which crushed substances of a wide range
of desired particle size distribution can be obtained, and the most
suitable amount of crushed substances can be secured.
The mobile crusher according to the present invention is a mobile
crusher, which is equipped with a raw material supply device and
a crusher mechanism mounted on a mobile carriage and which uses
the crusher mechanism to crush raw materials supplied from the raw
material supply device, and is characterized by:
an actual rotational speed changing means, for changing an actual
rotational speed N of the crusher mechanism;
an actual rotational speed detecting means, for detecting the actual
rotational speed N;
a rotational speed setting means, for setting at least one target
rotational speed Nm of the crusher mechanism, and for setting, for
each target rotational speed Nm, a rotational speed Na of the crusher
mechanism indicating the starting of the supplying of the raw materials,
and a rotational speed Nb of the crusher mechanism indicating the
cessation of the supplying of the raw materials; and
a control means;
the control means controlling the actual rotational speed changing
means so that the detected actual rotational speed N coincides with
the target rotational speed Nm when the crusher mechanism is rotated
at the target rotational speed Nm which has been set, the control
means starting the supplying of the raw materials from the raw material
supply device when the actual rotational speed N is increased to
the rotational speed Na, and the control means stopping the supplying
of the raw materials from the raw material supply device when the
actual rotational speed N is decreased to the rotational speed Nb.
The crusher control method according to the present invention is
a method for controlling a crusher mechanism to crush raw materials
supplied from a raw material supply device, and is characterized
by the steps of:
for each target rotational speed Nm which is set, setting a rotational
speed Na of the crusher mechanism indicating the starting of the
supplying of the raw materials and a rotational speed Nb of the
crusher mechanism indicating the cessation of raw material supply;
controlling the actual rotational speed N so that the actual rotational
speed N of the crusher mechanism coincides with the target rotational
speed Nm when the crusher mechanism is rotated at the target rotational
speed Nm which has been set;
starting the supplying of raw materials from the raw material supply
device when the actual rotational speed N is increased to the rotational
speed Na; and
stopping raw materials supply from the raw material supply device
when the actual rotational speed N is decreased to the rotational
speed Nb;
thereby obtaining crushed substances of a desired particle size
distribution.
According to the above-described structure of the present invention,
a desired particle size distribution for crushed substances is initially
determined when the crusher is, for example, an impact crusher.
Then the target rotational speed Nm of the crusher mechanism which
generates the particle size distribution is determined. Next, the
target rotational speed Nm is set at the control means by the rotational
speed setting means. At the same time of this setting, the rotational
speed Na, indicating the starting of the supplying of the raw materials
corresponding to the target rotational speed Nm, and the rotational
speed Nb, indicating the cessation of the supplying of the raw materials,
are set at the control means. Then the control means controls the
actual rotational speed changing means so that the actual rotational
speed N which is received from the actual rotational speed detecting
means coincides with the target rotational speed Nm when the crusher
mechanism is rotated. With this control, when the actual rotational
speed N is increased to the rotational speed Na, the control means
starts the supplying of the raw materials from the raw material
supply device and crushes the raw materials. However, if especially
large lumps or especially firm objects are in the raw materials,
the actual rotational speed N is decreased. When the actual rotational
speed N is decreased to the rotational speed Nb, the supplying of
the raw materials from the raw material supply device is stopped,
thereby reducing the load on the crusher mechanism, and increasing
the actual rotational speed N again. When the actual rotational
speed N becomes the rotational speed Na, the supplying of the raw
materials from the raw material supply device is started again to
start crushing the raw materials again. By repeating the above-described
steps, crushed substances of a desired particle size distribution
can be steadily produced.
As particularly described below, if the crusher mechanism is, for
example, a jaw crusher mechanism, and if the raw materials are easily
crushed, such as concrete, or the like, the amount of the crushed
substances can be increased by setting the target rotational speed
Nm at a high speed level by the rotational speed setting means.
On the other hand if the raw materials contain firm objects, such
as rough stones, asphalt, or the like, the slide abrasion of the
crusher mechanism and the heat generation can be curbed and the
amount of crushed substances can be increased by setting the target
rotational speed Nm at a low speed level by the rotational speed
setting means.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary block diagram;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control in an embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 3 is a timing chart in a case where the target rotational
speed Nm is a high speed in a first control example according to
the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a timing chart in a case where the target rotational
speed Nm is a medium speed in the first control example;
FIG. 5 is a timing chart in a case where the target rotational
speed Nm is a low speed in the first control example;
FIG. 6 is a timing chart of a second control example according
to the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the first and second control examples;
FIG. 8 is a side view of a jaw crusher mechanism for explaining
a third control example relating to the embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a mobile crusher according to the
conventional art; and
FIG. 10 is a side view of an impact crusher mechanism relating
to the conventional art.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of a mobile crusher and a crusher control
method relating to the present invention will be particularly described
with reference to the attached drawings.
In FIG. 1 a crusher mechanism 13 (refer to FIG. 9) is, for example,
an impact crusher mechanism, and includes a hydraulic oil motor
1 a flow control valve 2 and a hydraulic oil source 3. The flow
control valve 2 is provided in a hydraulic oil circuit from the
hydraulic oil source 3 to the hydraulic oil motor 1 so as to receive
a command value ic from a controller 6 defined by a microcomputer
or the like, to turn on the flow of the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic
oil motor 1. The flow control valve 2 passes a flow, which is proportional
to the numerical value of the command value ic, to the hydraulic
oil motor 1 to rotate the hydraulic oil motor 1 at a free speed.
Specifically, the actual rotational speed changing means is defined
by the hydraulic oil motor 1 the flow control valve 2 and the
hydraulic oil source 3 in the present embodiment.
A rotational speed detecting means (actual rotational speed detecting
means) 4 is provided in the vicinity of a rotating element 13a which
has radial projections and is mounted on the rotational shaft of
the hydraulic oil motor 1; and a rotating condition (namely, the
rotating condition of the crusher mechanism 13) of the hydraulic
oil motor 1 is detected by the rotational speed detecting means
4 and is inputted into the controller 6. The controller 6 converts
the rotating condition into a rotational speed N.
A raw material supply device 14 includes a hydraulic oil motor
8 a flow control valve 10 and a hydraulic oil source 9 (this can
be the above-described hydraulic oil source 3 or a different source).
The flow control valve 10 is provided in a hydraulic oil circuit
from the hydraulic oil source 9 to the hydraulic oil motor 8 and
the flow of hydraulic oil to the hydraulic oil motor 8 can be turned
on by the flow control valve 10 receiving a command value id1 from
the controller 6. The flow control valve 10 sends a flow, which
is proportional to the numerical value of the command value id1
to the hydraulic oil motor 8 to rotate the hydraulic oil motor 8
at a free speed. Specifically, the raw materials are supplied from
an open portion at the lower portion of the hopper 14a of the raw
material supply device 14 to the crusher mechanism 13 correspondingly
to the vibration associated with the rotational speed of the hydraulic
oil motor 8. The flow control valve 10 of the embodiment can reversely
rotate the hydraulic oil motor 8 at a free speed by receiving a
command value id2 from the controller 6.
The controller 6 includes a rotational speed setting means 7. The
rotational speed setting means 7 is used when an operator is to
input into the controller 6 a target rotational speed Nm of the
crusher mechanism 13 corresponding to a desired particle size distribution
of crushed substances. The rotational speed setting means 7 of the
embodiment can set the target rotational speed Nm at three levels
of speed: low, medium, and high. The target rotational speed Nm
can be set at any number of different levels or at one standardized
level.
The rotational speed setting means is a means for setting (a) the
target rotational speed Nm, (b) a rotational speed Na of the crusher
mechanism 13 which is an indicator for starting the supplying of
the raw materials at each target rotational speed Nm (i.e., indicating
the start of the rotation of the hydraulic motor 8), and (c) a rotational
speed Nb of the crusher mechanism 13 which is an indicator for stopping
the supplying of the raw materials (i.e., indicating the cessation
of the rotation of the hydraulic motor 8). If an operator inputs
a specified target rotational speed Nm into the controller 6 through
the medium of the rotational speed setting means 7 and, at the
same time, sets the rotational speeds Na and Nb corresponding to
the target rotational speed Nm through the medium of the rotational
speed setting means 7 the rotational speed setting means is defined
by the rotational speed setting means 7 itself.
On the other hand, when a matrix or an operational expression for
drawing the rotational speeds Na and Nb for every target rotational
speed Nm is previously memorized by the controller 6 the operator
only has to select the target rotational speed Nm at the rotational
speed setting means 7. In this case, the controller 6 referring
to the thus selected target rotational speed Nm, extracts or calculates
the corresponding rotational speeds Na and Nb from the memory. Accordingly,
the rotational speed setting means in this case is defined by the
rotational speed setting means 7 and the controller 6. The present
embodiment has a structure for calculating the rotational speeds
Na and Nb for the latter case.
Next, the first control example by the controller 6 will be particularly
explained with reference to FIG. 2 and the timing charts of the
actual rotational speed N with the starting and the stopping of
the raw material supply device in FIGS. 3 to 5.
When crushed substances of a fine particle size distribution are
desired, an operator switches the rotational speed setting means
7 to a high speed position as illustrated in FIG. 3. The controller
6 has the target rotational speed Nm (=650 rpm) inputted, and calculates
the corresponding rotational speeds Na (=550 rpm) and Nb (=500 rpm).
When crushed substances of an ordinary particle size distribution
are desired, the rotational speed setting means 7 is switched to
a medium speed position as illustrated in FIG. 4. The controller
6 has the target rotational speed Nm (=600 rpm) inputted, and calculates
the corresponding rotational speed Na (=500 rpm) and rotational
speed Nb (=450 rpm).
Further, when crushed substances of a coarse particle size distribution
are desired, the rotational speed setting means 7 is switched to
a low speed position as illustrated in FIG. 5. The controller 6
has the target rotational speed Nm (=550 rpm) inputted and calculates
the corresponding rotational speed Na (=450 rpm) and rotational
speed Nb (=400 rpm).
When an operator conducts a crusher actuating operation, the controller
6 which has received the actuating signal, inputs a command value
ic corresponding to the target rotational speed Nm into the flow
control valve 2 and rotates the crusher mechanism 13. The controller
6 always has a current rotating condition of the crusher mechanism
13 inputted by the rotational speed detecting means 4 and when
the controller 6 determines that the actual rotational speed N is
increased up to the rotational speed Na, the controller 6 outputs
a specified command value id1 to the flow control valve 10 to rotate
the hydraulic oil motor 8. Specifically, raw materials are supplied
into the crusher mechanism 13 and the crushing thereof is started.
Thereafter, the command value ic, which makes the variation between
the actual rotational speed N and the target rotational speed Nm
to be zero, is calculated and is inputted into the flow control
valve 2 thereby controlling the variation of the actual rotational
speed N.
When an extremely large cluster or especially solid objects are
included in the raw materials during a crushing operation, the actual
rotational speed N is reduced even during the above-described control.
When the actual rotational speed N is reduced to be the rotational
speed Nb, the controller 6 outputs a command value id1 to the flow
control valve 10 to switch the flow control valve 10 to a neutral
position and cut off the circuit to the hydraulic oil motor 8 thereby
automatically stopping the hydraulic oil motor 8. Specifically,
the supplying of the raw materials is stopped. Thereafter, when
the actual rotational speed N is recovered (specifically, is increased)
to be the rotational speed Na, the controller 6 outputs a command
value id1 to the flow control valve 10 to switch the flow control
valve 10 to an open position. As a result, the circuit to the hydraulic
oil motor 8 is opened to automatically actuate the hydraulic oil
motor 8 raw materials are supplied, and the crushing of the raw
materials is started again.
Although the target rotational speed Nm in the above described
embodiment has a specified value (650 rpm, 600 rpm, 550 rpm), the
target rotational speed Nm can have a specified width (for example,
650.+-.15 rpm, 600.+-.15 rpm, 550.+-.15 rpm). As for the hydraulic
oil motor 8 any actuator is suitable so long as it drives the raw
material supply device 14.
According to the above-described first control example, the maintenance
and control of the target rotational speed Nm for the crusher mechanism
13 can be carried out independently from the rotational control
of the hydraulic oil motor 8 and the belt conveyer 15; therefore,
even if the rotational speed of the crusher mechanism 13 is varied,
the driving speeds of the raw material supply device 14 and the
belt conveyer 15 are not varied. On the other hand, even if the
driving speeds of the raw material supply device 14 and the belt
conveyer 15 are varied, the rotational speed of the crusher mechanism
13 is not varied, so that the crushing efficiency is not reduced.
In addition, even if the target rotational speed Nm is changed,
the most suitable actuating and stopping times of the raw material
supply device 14 can be freely set correspondingly to each target
rotational speed Nm; therefore, crushed substances of a desired
particle size distribution can be obtained. By extension, damages
to the crusher mechanism 13 can be eliminated.
Next, a second control example will be explained with reference
to FIGS. 2 and 6.
The first control example is a control example based on the prediction
that the raw material supply device only supplies a fixed amount
of raw materials, in which the flow control valve 10 is simply opened
and closed (ON-OFF). Contrary to the above, the second control example
is a control example in which the crushing is carried out with higher
efficiency by additionally controlling the flow control valve 10
as a proportional control valve. Thus, in the second control example
the flow control valve 10 is a proportional control valve and is
actuated proportionally to the commands id1 and id2.
Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 6 the controller 6 can freely
set, for every target rotational speed Nm of the crusher mechanism
13 a setting value Na1 which rotates the hydraulic oil motor 8
at a specified rotational speed, and a setting value Nb1 which
rotates the hydraulic oil motor 8 more slowly than the specified
rotational speed. In the second control example, the hydraulic oil
motor 8 is set to rotate more slowly than the specified rotational
speed when the actual rotational speed N of the crusher mechanism
13 is increased to be the rotational speed Na. In this way, the
amount of the raw materials being supplied is decreased in a period
t1 from the rotational speed Na to the rotational speed Na1 and
in a period t2 from the rotational speed Nb1 to the rotational speed
Nb. As a result, in the period t1 the actual rotational speed N
quickly becomes the target rotational speed Nm. In the period t2
it is difficult for the actual rotational speed N to become the
rotational speed Nb (specifically, the target rotational speed Nm
is easily maintained). A low speed control of the above-described
rotational speed of the hydraulic oil motor 8 in these periods t1
and t2 can be attained by changing the numerical value of the command
value id1 inputted into the flow control valve 10 by the controller
6.
The above-described second control example has a synergetic effect
in that the target rotational speed Nm is more easily maintained
and the possibilities of automatically stopping the supplying of
the raw materials is reduced. Accordingly, crushed substances of
more suitable particle size distribution can be obtained. In addition,
the possibility of the crusher mechanism 13 breaking is further
reduced.
The steps in FIG. 7 showing the above-described first control example
and the second control example are:
(a) the rotational speed Na, indicating the starting of the supplying
of the raw materials, and the rotational speed Nb, indicating the
cessation of the supplying of the raw materials, are set for every
target rotational speed Nm which has been set (Step 21),
(b) when the crusher mechanism 13 is rotated at the target rotational
speed Nm which has been set, the actual rotational speed N is controlled
so that the actual rotational speed N coincides with the target
rotational speed Nm (Step 22), and
(c) when the actual rotational speed N is increased to be the rotational
speed Na, the supplying of the raw materials from the raw material
device 14 is started (Step 23), whereas
(d) the supplying of the raw materials from the raw material supply
device 13 is stopped when the actual rotational speed N is reduced
to be the rotational speed Nb (Step 24). These steps enable obtaining
crushed substances of a desired particle size distribution.
Next a third control example will be described with reference to
FIG. 8. The third control example is suitable for a machine in which
the crusher mechanism 13 is a jaw crusher mechanism. A jaw crusher
mechanism is made by a fixed jaw 135 and a swing jaw 136 which are
opposed to each other with their bottom ends being narrowly separated
from each other and their top ends being widely separated from each
other. The bottom end of the swing jaw 136 can be freely regulated
by a regulating means 137 to be far from or near to the fixed jaw
135. On the other hand, the top end of the swing jaw 136 is connected
to an eccentric shaft 138 which is rotated by the hydraulic oil
motor 8 (refer to FIG. 1), and is driven in the directions of the
arrows A to be cyclicly far from and then near to the fixed jaw
135.
Accordingly, when the raw materials supplied from the raw material
supply device 14 (specifically, the hopper 142 through the medium
of the feeder 141 for inputting a fixed amount) are inputted from
the opening of the top portion of the jaw crusher mechanism (specifically,
the upper end space between the fixed jaw 135 and the swing jaw
136), the raw materials are crushed by the reciprocating movement
A of the swing jaw 136. The particle diameter of the raw materials
becomes smaller as the raw materials move downwardly through the
jaw crusher mechanism and falls from the opening in the bottom portion
of the jaw crusher mechanism (specifically, the bottom end space
.delta. between the fixed jaw 135 and the swing jaw 136) onto the
conveyor belt. The particle size of the crushed substances depends
on the space .delta., and is regulated from the outside by the regulating
means 137. The cyclicly far and near drive in the directions of
the arrows A of the swing jaw 136 is included in the term "rotation".
Therefore, the "far and near drive" is referred hereinafter
as "rotation".
A jaw crusher mechanism has a characteristic that the crushing
amount is increased as a result of increasing the rotational speed
when the raw materials are easily crushed, like concrete or the
like. However, a jaw crusher mechanism is in a wedge form with the
upper portion of the space being widened so that rough stones can
pass through the upper portion; and when rough stones are crushed,
a force moving the rough stones upwardly acts on the rough stones
and the crusher mechanism; therefore, slide abrasion is caused by
the rough stones. Accordingly, if the rotational speed is increased
when the raw materials are firm like rough stones, or the like,
the jaw crusher mechanism has a characteristic that the amount of
slide abrasion is increased and that the crushing amount is reduced.
If the raw materials have a viscosity affected by heat, as asphalt
or the like, when the rotational speed is increased, the jaw crusher
mechanism generates heat as a result of the frictional forces created
when crushing the raw materials, thereby affecting the viscosity
of the raw materials, so that the jaw crusher mechanism has a characteristic
that the crushing amount is reduced.
Accordingly, when the crusher mechanism 13 is a jaw crusher mechanism,
the target rotational speed Nm is initially determined in accordance
with the nature of the raw materials. When raw materials are used
which are easily crushed, like concrete, etc., the crushing amount
can be increased by switching the rotational speed setting means
7 to a high speed position (or a high speed side). On the other
hand, when the raw materials used are firm materials such as rough
stones, asphalt or the like, the crushing amount can be increased,
while curbing abrasion and heat generation, by switching the rotational
speed setting means 7 to a low speed position (or a low speed side).
As illustrated in FIG. 1 it is desirable that the controller 6
includes a rotational speed display device 11 for the crusher mechanism
13. In this way, an operator can always keep track of the actual
rotational speed N by the rotational speed display device 11. In
addition, by visually checking the particle size distribution of
the crushed substances, a more suitable target rotational speed
Nm and the corresponding rotational speeds Na, Nb, Na1 and Nb1
can be set again; therefore, crushed substances of more suitable
particle size distribution are easily obtained.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The present invention is useful as a mobile crusher and a crusher
control method by which a wide range of desired particle size distribution
can be obtained and the most suitable amount of crushed substances
can be always secured. |