Abstrict A chain beating type crusher includes a crusher vessel (3), a shaft
(7) provided centrally thereof and capable of being rotated at a
high speed, and a plurality of beating chains (11) provided in a
plurality of axially spaced-apart stages in each of which a plurality
of radially spaced-apart chains are formed on the shaft. With high
speed rotation of the shaft the beating chains in the individual
stages are caused to undergo high speed revolution to form respective
bearing zones. In order to return an object scattered toward the
inner surface of a peripheral wall (4) of the crusher vessel back
to the beating sone, a plurality of guide members (15) are mounted
on the inner surface and each have a surface inclined toward the
beating zones in the direction of revolution of the beating chains.
The beating chains are mounted on the shaft such that they are each
positioned in correspondece to the mid position between adjacent
ones of them in the next stage. Each of them is coupled to an independent
support bar (13) which is fitted in a recess provided in a chain
holder means (14) secured to the outer periphery of the shaft. A
rotary disc (16) is provided for rotation about its shaft in the
lowermost portion of the crusher vessel, and a plurality of scrapers
(17) are provided on the rotary disc to cause the crushed object
to be led downward and pushed to the outside of the peripheral wall
of the crusher vessel.
Claims What is claimed is:
1. A chain beating type crusher comprising a crusher vessel (3)
having a steel-made peripheral wall (4) having an inlet (5) formed
at the top for charging an object and an outlet (6) formed adjacent
the bottom for taking out the object having been crushed, a vertical
shaft (7) extending centrally of said crusher vessel and capable
of being rotated about its axis, a plurality of beating chains (11)
capable of beating and thereby crushing said object, said beating
chains being mounted in a plurality of axially spaced-apart stages
in each of which a plurality of radially uniformly spaced-apart
chains are formed on said vertical shaft (7), said beating chains
being capable, by causing high speed rotation of said vertical shaft,
of revolving at a high speed and being stretched in directions perpendicular
to the axial direction of said vertical shaft by the centrifugal
force, thereby forming axially spaced-apart beating zones individually
defined by said respective beating chain stages, and a plurality
of guide members (15) provided on the inner surface of said peripheral
wall (4) of said crusher vessel in portions thereof corresponding
to said beating zones and at circumferentially spaced-apart positions,
said guide members each having a surface inclined toward the center
of said crusher vessel in the direction of revolution of said beating
chains for said object having been scattered toward said inner surface
of said peripheral wall by the centrifugal force exerted by said
revolving bearing chains to be returned from said inner surface
toward said beating zones.
2. The chain beating type crusher according to claim 1 wherein
said beating chains (11) in the radially uniform interval arrangement
are each attached to said vertical shaft at a staggered position
thereof corresponding to the midway position between adjacent beating
chains in the next stage.
3. The chain beating type crusher according to claim 1 wherein
said beating chains each have an end ring (12) coupled to a corresponding
one of support bars (13) each fitted in a recess provided in a chain
holder means (14) secured to the outer periphery of said vertical
shaft.
4. The chain beating type crusher according to claim 1 which further
comprises a rotary disc (16) mounted on said vertical shaft for
rotation about the axis in the lowermost portion of said crusher
vessel, and a scraper means (17) provided on the top of said rotary
disc to cause the crushed object to be led downward and pushed out
of said peripheral wall through said outlet.
Description TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a chain beating type crusher and, more
particularly, to a chain beating type crusher which belongs to the
beating type crusher and which crushes an object to be processed
by beating it with chains revolving at a high speed.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
As the crusher, a variety of mechanisms are available, but they
require several steps for finely crushing a large mass as an object.
Among the beating type crushers is, for instance, a hammer mill
which crushes an object with a beating action of rotating blades.
The hammer mill, however, has a problem in the durabiity of the
blades because the blades are damaged when a hard object is processed.
As a variety of the beating type crushers for crushing an object
with a beating action, chain beating type crushers have recently
been used which crush an object with a beating action of chains
revolving at a high speed. In such a chain beating type crusher,
an object charged from above into a multistage beating zone, which
has successive beating zones or stages each formed by a plurality
of beating chains revolving at a high speed, is allowed to fall
due to the own weight, so that it is beaten and crushed in the successive
beating zones formed one below another in the falling direction.
In this chain beating type crusher, the falling speed of the object
and the speed of revolution of the beating chains are related such
as to obtain desired crushing. Theoretically, when the time required
for the object to pass through one stage of the beating zone which
is formed by a plurality of beating chains revolving at a high speed
is set equal to the time required for the beating chains to revolve
once, the number of times of beating of the object during the passage
thereof through one stage is equal to the number of the beating
chains in one stage, and the object is beaten a number of times,
which is the product of the number of times of beating in one beating
zone stage multiplied by the number of the successive beating zone
stages. Also in this chain beating type crusher, a crusher vessel
thereof has a steel-made peripheral wall, which has a greater radius
than the length, to which the beating chains caused to revolve at
a high speed about an axis of revolution are stretched by the centrifugal
force in a revolving direction perpendicular to the axis of revolution.
This peripheral wall can prevent the object from being scattered
by the centrifugal force to the outside of the crusher vessel.
In the prior art chain beating type crusher, however, the considerable
part of the object falls along the inner surface of the peripheral
wall of the crusher vessel without receiving the theoretical number
of beatings by the beating chains revolving at a high speed. That
is, the number of times the object is beaten is greatly reduced.
A first object of the invention is to provide a chain beating type
crusher, which can overcome the above drawback and is adapted to
give an object the theoretical number of times of beating actions
by the beating chains revolving at a high speed, thus increasing
the crushing efficiency.
A second object of the invention is to provide a chain beating
type crusher for crushing an object with a beating action of beating
chains revolving at a high speed which permits finer crushing of
the object.
The conventional chain beating type crusher for crushing an object
with a beating action of beating chains revolving at a high speed
has a different problem. Portions of the beating chains that are
mounted on the shaft are subject to severe wear caused in a long
operation by the centrifugal forces of the beating chains and the
high beating impact force of beating. In actual use of this chain
beating type crusher, therefore, it is necessary to reduce the wear
of the beating chain portions mounted on the shaft as much as possible.
A third object of the invention is to provide a chain beating type
crusher, which can solve the above problem and in which the wear
of the beating chain portions mounted on the shaft is reduced as
much as possible, thus extending the service life of the beating
chain portions mounted on the shaft, reducing the time of replacement
and improving the durability.
The conventional chain beating type crusher for crushing an object
with a beating action of beating chains revolving at a high speed,
has a further problem. A light weight object which is beaten a number
of times exceeding the above theoretical number, readily becomes
stagnant in the beating zone formed by the beating chains revolving
at a high speed, and cannot smoothly pass continuously through the
successive beating zone stages formed one below another in the direction
of falling of the object. Therefore, the processing capacity is
greatly reduced, resulting in excessive drive power load.
A fourth object of the invention is to provide a beating type crusher,
which can solve the above problem and allows even a light weight
object to pass through the successive beating zone stages, which
are formed one below another in the direction of falling of the
object by the beating chains revolving at a high speed, continuously
without becoming stagnant, thus increasing the crushing efficiency.
The invention thus seeks to provide a chain beating type crusher
for crushing an object with a beating action of beating chains revolving
at a high speed, which has increased crushing efficiency, improved
mechanical durability and excellent usefulness.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The chain beating type crusher according to the invention comprises
a crusher vessel having a steel-made peripheral wall having an inlet
formed at the top for charging an object and an outlet formed adjacent
the bottom for taking out the object having been crushed, a vertical
shaft extending centrally of the crusher vessel and capable of being
rotated about its axis, and a plurality of beating chains capable
of beating and thereby crushing the object, the beating chains being
mounted in a plurality of axially spaced-apart stages in each of
which a plurality of radially uniformly spaced-apart chains are
formed on the vertical shaft, the beating chains being capable,
by causing high speed rotation of the vertical shaft, of revolving
at a high speed and being stretched in directions perpendicular
to the axial direction of the vertical shaft by the centrifugal
force, thereby forming the axially spaced-apart beating zones individually
defined by the respective beating chain stages. To attain the above
first object, the chain beating type crusher according to the invention
is characterized in that a plurality of guide members are provided
on the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the crusher vessel
in portions thereof corresponding to the beating zones and at circumferentially
spaced-apart positions. These guide members each have an inclined
surface inclined toward the center of the crusher vessel in the
direction of revolution of the beating chains, and they serve to
return the object, which has been scattered toward the inner surface
of the peripheral wall by the centrifugal force of the revolving
beating chains, from the inner surface toward the beating zones.
With this construction of the chain beating type crusher, an object
charged from the inlet is allowed to fall by its own weight to be
beaten in the successive beating zones formed one below another
in the direction of the fall by the beating chains revolving at
a high speed, and is progressively crushed as it passes down through
the successive beating zones. Besides, the beating chains which
are revolving at a high speed and providing a beating action, can
change their shape when they are given strong impact by the object.
That is, they can change their shape in an escaping manner with
respect to irrational collision with the object. It is thus possible
to crush the object without irrationally high load applied to the
revolving beating chains. Moreover, the guide members return the
object, which has been scattered to the outside of the beating zones,
i.e., toward the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the crusher
vessel, by the centrifugal force pf the beating chains revolving
at a high speed, from the inner surface noted above toward the beating
zones around the vertical shaft. This has an effect of permitting
the object to receive the theoretical number of times of beating
action by the beating chains.
To attain the above second object, the chain beating type crusher
according to the invention is characterized in that the beating
chains which are arranged at a radially uniform interval, are each
attached to the vertical shaft at a staggered position thereof corresponding
to the midway position between adjacent ones in the next stage.
With this arrangement of the chain beating type crusher, it is possible
to reduce the gap between the adjacent beating chains revolving
at a high speed, throuch which the object charged from the inlet
passes. In other words, it is possible to increase the reliability
that the process material receives the theoretical number of times
of beating action while it passes through each stage beating zone.
To attain the above third object, the chain beating type crusher
according to the invention is characterized in that the beating
chains each have an end ring coupled to a corresponding one of separate
support bars each fitted in recesses provided in a chain holder
means secured to the outer perphery of the vertical shaft. With
this arrangement, in which each beating chain is coupled to each
separate support bar, which is fitted in recesses provided in the
chain holder means, the degree of freedom of movement of the support
bar is increased to prevent partial wear thereof on one side and
reduce wear of a portion of the bearing chain mounted on the vertical
shaft as much as possible.
To attain the above fourth object, the chain beating type crusher
according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises
a rotary disc mounted on the vertical shaft for rotation about the
axis in the lowermost portion of the crusher vessel, and a scraper
means provided on the top of the rotary disc to cause the crushed
object to be led downward and be pushed out of the peripheral wall
through the outlet. With the provision of the scraper means to cause
the crushed object to be led downward and be pushed out to the outside
of the peripheral wall, even a light weight object can pass through
the successive beating zones, which are formed one below another
in the direction of its fall by the beating chains revolving at
a high speed, continuously and without becoming accumulated in these
beating zones.
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevational sectional view showing a chain beating
type crusher of the invention as a whole;
FIG. 2 is a transversal sectional view showing the manner of mounting
of beating chains;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary enlarged-scale elevational sectioonal view
showing mounting portions of the beating chains; and
FIG. 4 is a transversal sectional view showing a rotary disc and
a plurality of scrapers provided thereon.
BEST MODE FOR WORKING THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference
to the drawings. Referring to FIG. 1 a crusher vessel 3 is secured
to a base 1 via legs 2. The crusher vessel 3 comprises a cylindrical
peripheral wall 4 made from a steel plate and has an inlet 5 formed
at the top for charging an object to be crushed and an outlet 6
provided adjacent the bottom for taking out the crushed material.
Centrally of the crusher vessel 3 a vertical shaft 7 which is rotated
about its axis at a high speed is supported in bearings 8. The shaft
7 is driven from a drive motor (not shown) via a drive belt 9 which
is passed round a drive pulley 10 mounted on the lower end of the
shaft 7 projecting downward from the crusher vessel 3. Beating chains
11 in the form of ring chains are hung in a multiplicity of axially
spaced-apart stages from the shaft 7. These beating chain stages
each comprise a plurality of radially uniformly spaced-apart beating
chains 11. When the crusher is not operated the beating chains 11
depend from the shaft 7. By causing high speed rotation of the shaft
7 the revolving beating chains 11 are spread by the centrifugal
force into the horizontal state perpendicular to the axial direction
of the shaft 7 as shown in FIG. 1. In this state, the beating chains
11 in the individual stages define respective beating zones corresponding
in thickness to the thickness of the beating chains 11.
The beating chains 11 are attached at a radially uniform interval
in each stage to the shaft 7 in a staggered manner between adjacent
stages. As shown in FIG. 2 specifically each beating chain 11 is
attached at a position corresponding to the midway position between
adjacent beating chains 11 in the next stage.
FIG. 3 illustrates the manner in which the beating chains 11 are
attached to the shaft 7. As shown, support bars 13 are each fitted
for each beating chain 11 with a sliding gap provided, in a chain
holder means 14 secured to the outer periphery of the shaft 7 and
an end ring 12 of each beating chain 11 is coupled to each support
bar 13.
The steel-made cylindrical peripheral wall 4 of the crusher vessel
3 has a circular or polygonal sectional profile having a greater
radius than the length, to which the bearing chains 11 revolving
about the shaft 7 are stretched by the centrifugal force in the
direction normal to the axial direction of the shaft 7 and prevents
the object from being scattered by the centrifugal force exerted
by the beating chains 11. In order for the object, which is scattered
toward the inner surface of the peripheral wall 4 by the centrifugal
force of the revolving beating chains 11 to be returned from the
above inner surface toward the beating zones defined centrally of
the crusher vessel 3 by the revolving beating chains 11 a plurality
of guide members 15 having a surface inclined toward the center
of the crusher vessel 3 in the direction of revolving of the bearing
chains 11 are provided on the inner surface of the peripheral wall
4 in portions thereof corresponding to the individual axially spaced-apart
beating zones and at circumferentially spaced-apart positions.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 in the lowermost portion of the crusher
vessel 3 a rotary disc 16 is mounted on the shaft 7 for rotation
about the same. The rotary disc 16 has a plurality of scrapers 17
provided on its top to cause the crushed object to be led downward
and be pushed out of the peripheral wall 4 through the outlet 6.
The rotary disc 16 also has a scraper 18 provided on its underside
for pushing the scraped object having fallen off it toward the outlet
6.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY OF THE INVENTION
The chain beating type crusher according to the invention having
the construction as described in the foregoing has the following
beneficial effects.
The object charged from the inlet and allowed to fall down by its
own weight is beaten and crushed by the plurality of beating chains
revolving at a high speed in the successive beating zones formed
one below another in the direction of the fall. Since the charged
object is progressively crushed by the beating action as it falls
through the successive beating zones from the uppermost one, even
a large mass can be finely crushed in a single crushing process.
Also, finer crushing is attainable as desired by passing the object
through the crusher twice, three times and so forth.
While the object is progressively crushed as it passes through
the successive beating zones, the beating chains which provide the
beating action with their high speed revolution, can change their
shape when they are given strong impact by the object. That is,
they can change their shape in an escaping manner when they irrationally
collide with the object. Thus, they can crush the object without
possibility of application of irrationally high load to them in
their state of high speed revolution. In other words, they can crush
even a hard object without possibility of their damage, and their
durability can be improved.
The plurality of guide members are provided on the inner surface
of the peripheral wall of the crusher vessel in portions thereof
corresponding to the beating zones, which are formed by the revolving
beating chains, at circumferentially spaced-apart positions, and
they each have a surface inclined toward the center of the crusher
vessel in the direction of revolving of the beating chains. Thus,
when the object is scattered the inner surface of the peripheral
wall of the crusher vessel, it can be returned from the peripheral
wall inner surface toward the beating zones around the shaft, so
that it can receive the theoretical number of times of beating actions
by the beating chains. The crushing efficiency thus can be greatly
increased.
As described above, the object charged from the inlet of the chain
beating type crusher is progressively crushed as it falls through
the successive beating zone stages from the uppermost one. With
beating chains in each beating zone stage mounted on the shaft in
staggered positions each corresponding to the midway position between
adjacent beating chains in the next beating zone stage, it is possible
to reduce the gap between the adjacent beating chains revolving
at a high speed, through which the object passes , thus increasing
the possibility that the object receives the theoretical number
of times of beating actions while the object passes through each
beating zone stage. Finer crushing of the object is thus possible.
As described above, each beating chain has an end ring coupled
to a corresponding one of separate support bars each fitted in a
recess provided in the chain holder means secured to the outer periphery
of the shaft. With this arrangement, the degree of freedom of movement
of the support bar is increased to prevent partial wear thereof
on one side and reduce wear of a portion of the beating chain mounted
on the vertical shaft as much as possible. The durability of the
potion of the beating chain mounted on the shaft is thus increased
so that it is not necessary to replace the support bar frequently,
thus permitting long continuous operation and increasing the processing
capacity.
Moreover, with the provision of the scraper means to cause the
crushed object to be led downward and pushed to the outside of the
peripheral wall, even a light weight object can pass through the
successive heating zones which are formed, one below another in
the direction of its fall by the beating chains revolution at a
high speed continuously and without becoming accumulated in these
beating zones. A high crushing efficiency thus can be maintained
even with a light weight object. |