Abstrict Proposed is a crushing machine, in particular an impact crusher,
comprising at least one rotatably driven rotor mounted in a housing
and equipped with crushing elements, as well as at least one impact
mechanism which faces the rotor and is fitted with impact elements,
wherein the impact mechanism or impact mechanisms is or are mounted
in at least one frame which is independent of the housing, and which
together with the impact mechanism or mechanisms can be swung into
a roughly horizontal position outside the housing.
Claims I claim:
1. A method of exchanging impact elements of an impact crusher
comprising the steps of:
(a) mounting impact elements of an impact crusher on a frame swingable
relative to a housing containing a rotor having crushing elements
so that said impact elements are juxtaposed with said rotor in a
working position of said frame;
(b) swinging said frame out of said housing into a substantially
horizontal position, thereby rendering said impact elements accessible;
(c) turning over said impact elements while said frame is swung
out of said housing; and
(d) swinging said frame back into said housing so that said impact
elements are again juxtaposed with said rotor in said working position
and securing said frame in said working position relative to said
housing.
2. An impact crusher, comprising:
a housing;
a rotor mounted in said housing and provided with crushing elements
projecting from said rotor; and
at least one impact mechanism cooperating with said crushing elements,
said impact mechanism comprising:
a plurality of impact elements juxtaposed with said rotor and cooperating
with said crushing elements,
a frame independent of said housing receiving said impact elements,
and
means for swingably mounting said frame for movement independently
of said housing from a working position wherein said impact elements
are juxtaposed with said rotor into a position wherein said frame
and said impact elements lie outside said housing.
3. The impact crusher defined in claim 2 wherein said frame is
swingable about a horizontal axis and said means for swingably mounting
said frame is constructed and arranged to swing said frame and said
impact elements into a generally horizontal position.
4. The impact crusher defined in claim 3 wherein said means for
swingably mounting said frame include lateral rocker arms, said
impact elements being connected to said frame at least at one side
thereof.
5. The impact crusher defined in claim 4 wherein said rocker arms
are divided into upper rocker arm parts and lower rocker arm parts,
said impact elements being connected to said upper rocker arm parts
and said lower rocker arm parts being swingable relative to said
housing.
6. The impact crusher defined in claim 5 wherein said rocker arm
parts are swingable into said housing while said lower rocker arm
parts remain outside said housing in said working position of said
impact mechanism.
7. The impact crusher defined in claim 6 wherein said frame is
formed with a flap forming a rear wall for said housing in said
working position of said mechanism.
8. The impact crusher defined in claim 7 wherein said upper rocker
arm parts carry an upper flap which can be secured to said housing
and is swingable and said lower rocker arm parts carry a removable
lower flap.
9. The impact crusher defined in claim 8 further comprising a
wall section between said flaps interconnecting said upper and lower
rocker arm parts.
10. The impact crusher defined in claim 9 further comprising an
adjusting device mounted to said wall section and acting upon said
mechanism to adjust a position of said impact elements relative
to said rotor.
11. The impact crusher defined in claim 6 wherein in said working
position at least said upper rocker arm parts are positioned to
be locked to said housing by at least one bolt.
12. The impact crusher defined in claim 2 wherein a rear wall of
said housing is provided with additional impact elements juxtaposed
with said rotor, said rear wall being mounted for swinging said
impact elements on said rear wall out of said housing as a further
impact mechanism.
13. The impact crusher defined in claim 12 wherein said further
impact mechanism is swingable about a horizontal axis at a lower
end thereof and can be swung into a generally horizontal position.
14. The impact crusher defined in claim 13 further comprising
a hydraulic cylinder selectively connectable to said one impact
mechanism and said further impact mechanism for respectively swinging
same into positions outside said housing.
15. The impact crusher defined in claim 14 wherein said cylinder
is pivotally connected to said housing at one end and has an opposite
end selectively connectable to a respective coupling point on each
of said impact mechanisms.
16. The impact crusher defined in claim 14 wherein said further
impact mechanism and said one impact mechanism have aligned recesses
in a position wherein said first impact mechanism is swung outside
said housing, a securing element passing through said aligned recesses
to lock said impact mechanisms together.
17. The impact crusher defined in claim 16 wherein said securing
element is a bolt locking said one impact mechanism in said working
position.
Description CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a national phase of PCT/EP93/00591 filed 15
Mar. 1993 and based, in turn, on German national application P4210809.8
of 1 Apr. 1992 under the International Convention.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a crushing machine and, more particularly,
to an impact crusher, comprising at least one rotatably driven rotor
mounted in a housing and equipped with crushing elements, as well
as at least one impact mechanism which faces the rotor and is fitted
with impact elements.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
German patents nos. DE-A 25 16 014 and DE-A 39 39 598 describe
a crushing machine, in particular an impact crusher, which comprises
a rotor equipped with crushing elements, wherein inside the housing
at least one impact mechanism fitted with impact elements is mounted.
In order to replace the impact elements, at least part of the housing
can be swung around a horizontal axis. A disadvantage of such an
apparatus is that it is difficult or impossible to loosen from the
outside the impact elements in the area of the impact mechanisms.
Moreover problems are encountered with respect to removing the impact
elements from the inside of the machine. The same also applies,
of course, to the subsequent re-fitting of the impact mechanisms
in the reverse mode of operation.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is the object of the invention to provide an improved crushing
machine so that the impact elements can be replaced without difficulty
and so as to ensure, during the replacing of the impact elements,
the safety of the operator by reducing possible accident risk.
Another object is to make it possible to replace the impact elements
more quickly and, therefore, more cost effectively compared to the
state of the art, and in this way considerable reduce the down time
of the crushing machine.
Finally, it is an object to improve the accessibility of the components
in the area of the impact mechanism and to simplify the work involved
in replacing the impact elements.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
These objects are achieved according to the invention in that the
impact mechanism or mechanisms is or are mounted in at least one
frame which is independent of the housing, and which together with
the impact mechanism or mechanisms can be swung into a position
outside the housing.
The frame or frames can be swung about a horizontal axis, whereby
the impact mechanism or mechanisms can be moved into a roughly horizontal
position. The frame can be formed by lateral rocker arm parts, between
which the respective impact mechanism is mounted on at least one
side.
The frame can be divided into an upper rocker arm part and a lower
rocker arm part, the upper part receiving the respective impact
mechanism and the lower part being swingable with respect to the
housing. In a retracted position the upper part of the rocker arms
can dip the housing together with the respective impact mechanism,
while the lower part of the rocker arms remains outside the housing.
The rocker arm parts can form at the same time at least one section
of the rear wall. The rear wall can be formed by at least one removable
and/or swingable flap, which can be joined to the housing.
The machine can have an upper, as well as a lower flap assigned
to the respective rocker arm part whereby the upper flap is swingable
and the lower flap is removable.
According to a feature of the invention, a wall section is provided
between the two flaps which interconnects the two rocker arm parts.
The wall section can receive at least one adjusting device for the
respective impact mechanism. In the retracted position the impact
mechanism at least of the upper part of the respective rocker arm
can be locked in place with respect to the respective housing part,
particularly by bolts.
A further section of the rear wall can be provided with impact
elements facing the rotor, whereby this section can be swung into
a position outside the housing, independently from the housing,
or the impact mechanism mechanisms. The further section can be swingable
about a horizontal axis provided at its lower end and can be swung
into a roughly horizontal position.
At least one adjusting device, particularly a hydraulic cylinder
is provided for swinging the rocker arm parts on the one hand, and
the further section. A single cylinder can be supported on the housing
at one side and can have a free end on the other side which can
be selectively fastened to a coupling point of the lower rocker
arm part or to a coupling point of the further section. The lower
part of each rocker arm is provided with throughgoing bores. The
lateral part of the further section running parallel thereto can
have a recess whereby the bore and the recess are opposite to each
other when the impact mechanism is outside the housing so that it
is possible to lock by means of a securing element the respective
rocker arm-part with the further part.
The bolts arresting the upper rocker arm part with respect to the
housing in the retracted position of the impact mechanism form at
the same time the securing element.
With regard to the method, the securing means of the impact mechanism
or housing part in question to the housing is removed and the impact
mechanism or housing part is swung into a position outside the housing
and there is secured again. The impact elements/bodies are then
replaced or turned, following which the securing means is released
and the impact mechanism or the housing part is swung back into
its starting position and again secured to the housing.
Because of the suspension of the impact mechanism or mechanisms
independently from the housing inside the frame, which is in the
form of rocker arms and at the same time forms part of the rear
wall, the replacing of the impact elements or impact bodies can
take place without problem outside the housing, and can be carried
out roughly in a horizontal position of the impact elements or impact
bodies. Due to the fact that the impact elements or impact bodies
that must be replaced are no longer positioned inside the housing
but outside same, the accident risk during the replacing thereof
is greatly reduced, the more so as no one need enter the housing
to remove and re-install the relatively heavy impact elements or
impact bodies.
The rocker arm is preferably divided into an upper as well as a
lower part, wherein the upper part holds the impact mechanism and
the lower part can swing around a horizontal axis in relation to
the housing. With regard to the rear wall section, the swinging
operation takes place in such a way that the lower part of the wall
section can be swung around an also horizontally extending axis.
This swinging movement can be brought about by at least one adjusting
device, in particular a hydraulic cylinder, the one side of which
engages a coupling point of the rocker arm or a coupling point of
the rear wall section, or on the other hand, can be fixed optionally
to the one or the other coupling point by means of a change-over
cylinder. The choice of the adjusting device and its construction
will depend on the application in question.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The above and other objects, features, and advantages will become
more readily apparent from the following description, reference
being made to the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a section through an impact crusher with an impact mechanism;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the impact crusher from
the outside according to FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a section through an impact crusher with an impact mechanism
according to FIG. 1 in the partially open position;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of the impact crusher from
the outside according to FIG. 3 in the completely open position;
FIGS. 5a and b are partial views of the impact crusher according
to FIGS. 1 and 3 from the front and from the rear, respectively;
and
FIG. 6 is a fragementary sectional view of the rear housing section
(with rocker arm) of an impact crusher according to the FIGS. 1
and 3.
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION
The crushing machine in the form of the impact crusher 1 illustrated
in FIG. 1 comprises a housing 2 a front housing section 3 rear
housing section 4. Mounted rotatably driven inside the housing 2
is a rotor 6 equipped with crushing elements 5. Provided facing
the rotor 6 is an impact mechanism 7 which comprises a plurality
of impact elements 8. The impact crusher 1 according to FIG. 1 is
shown in the closed position. The impact mechanism 7 is suspended
inside a frame 9 swinging around a horizontal axis 10 the frame
9 being secured to the housing 2 by a bolt 11. Also provided in
the rear part 4 of the impact crusher 1 is an adjusting device 12
for the impact mechanism 7 by means of which the impact mechanism
7 and accordingly the impact elements 8 can be adjusted in the direction
of the crushing elements. The frame 9 comprises an upper rocker
arm part 13 as well as a lower rocker arm part 14 the frame 9 at
the same time forming part of the rear wall 15. Another part 16
of the rear housing section 4 is also provided with impact elements
17.
FIG. 2 shows in a diagrammatic representation the impact crusher
1 from the outside. One can note the housing 2 the lower rocker
arm part 14 the rear wall 15 which in this case is formed by a
swing flap with a handle 18. Also illustrated is the adjusting device
12 as well as an adjusting device which in this example has the
form of a hydraulic cylinder 19 the one end of which is located
in the bottom part 20 of the housing 2 and the free end of which
can be fixed optionally to a coupling point 21 of the lower rocker
arm part 14 or to a coupling point 22 of the other part 16. The
drive shaft 23 of the rotor 6 illustrated in FIG. 1 is indicated
in FIG. 2. Provided on the housing 2 is a further hydraulic cylinder
24 which can actuate the front housing section 3 in the opening
direction.
FIG. 3 shows the impact crusher 1 according to FIG. 1 in a partially
open position. And also here, for the sake of simplicity, one can
note the frame 9 and its upper rocker arm part 13 and the lower
rocker arm part 14 together with the impact mechanism 7 as well
as the adjusting device 12. In this example the other part 16 is
still closed. The upper part of part 16 has a recess 25 which, when
the impact mechanism 7 has been moved out, lies opposite a through-bore--not
illustrated here--in the lower rocker arm part 14. The bolt 11 indicated
in FIG. 1 can be put into this through-bore to secure the rocker
arm part 14 to the bottom part 16.
FIG. 4 shows in diagrammatic representation the impact crusher
1 according to FIG. 3 but this time in the completely open position.
Again illustrated are the upper rocker arm part 13 carrying the
impact mechanism 7 as well as the lower rocker arm part 14 that
can be swung around a horizontal axis 26 the swinging movement
being brought about by means of the hydraulic cylinder 19 illustrated
in FIG. 2. Also illustrated in broken lines is the swung out part
16 of the rear housing section 4 which in this example can be swung
by the same hydraulic cylinder 19 around the swinging axis 34 relative
to the impact mechanism 7 into a roughly horizontal position outside
the housing 2. Indicated in this Figure is on the one hand the through-bore
27 in the lower rocker arm part 14 which when the bottom part 16
is moved in lies opposite the illustrated recess 25. The front housing
section 3 is moved into the illustrated open position-by the hydraulic
cylinder 24.
FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate on the one hand a partial view of the
rear section 4 and on the other hand a partial view of the front
section 3. The upper part of the rear wall is formed by the flap
18 already indicated in FIG. 2 which in this example can swing
around a not illustrated vertical axis, and which after the opening
of same frees the access to the fastening elements of the impact
mechanism which is not further illustrated here. The flap 18 is
fastened to the housing 2 by screws 28 since the upper rocker arm
part, when the impact mechanism has been moved in, is moved into
the housing 2 together with the impact mechanism. Furthermore illustrated
is the lower rocker arm part 14 which in the moved-in position
of the impact mechanism remains outside the housing 2. In the area
of the lower rocker arm 14 a further flap 29 is provided which is
screwed to the housing 2 and after removing same access is obtained
to further fastening elements of the impact mechanism. Also shown
is the further part 16 with fastening elements 35 for the impact
bodies 17 (FIG. 1) as well as the drive shaft 23 of the rotor. The
one side of the hydraulic cylinder can in this case be mounted optionally
on the coupling point 22 of the further part 16 or on the coupling
point 21 of the lower rocker arm part 14. To this end the securing
elements 30--only indicated here--need only be changed over. In
the transition part of the lower rocker arm 14 to the upper rocker
arm 13 a wall section 31 is provided which joins the two rockers
arms 13 14 to one another, which wall section 31 on the one hand
forms a further part of the rear wall 15 and on the other hand holds
the adjusting device 12 which is only indicated here. The hydraulic
cylinder 24 serves to open the front housing section 13 as already
discussed. The impact bodies provided inside the housing 2 and not
further illustrated here are prevented from falling out by means
of securing elements 32.
FIG. 6 shows in diagrammatic form once again a partial view of
the frame 9 with the two lower rocker arm parts 14 as well as the
upper rocker arm parts 13 in conjunction with the wall section 31
which joins together the transition parts of the rocker arms 13
and 14. Also indicated is the horizontal axis 26 around which the
bottom rocker arm part 14 can be swung in relation to the housing
2. The impact mechanism 7 mounted in the upper rocker arm part 13
is only indicated here, the impact elements being prevented from
falling out by securing elements 33 indicated by crosses. The horizontal
axis 10 which serves to swing the impact mechanism 7 extends here
in the upper part of the rocker arms 13. Also shown is the securing
in the form of bolts 11 between the upper rocker arm parts 13 and
the housing 2.
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