Abstrict A crusher comprises a cylindrical body, a lining supported by a
portion of the cylindrical body and forming an annular track, the
supporting cylindrical body portion having a prismatic interior
surface, and at least one roller arranged to roll on the annular
track. The lining consists of plates having a concave interior surface
shaped to form a rolling surface of the annular track and a flat
exterior surface resting on the prismatic interior surface of the
supporting cylindrical body portion. This reduces the risk of breakage
of the lining plates under the pressure applied thereto by the roller.
Claims What is claimed is:
1. A crusher comprising
(a) a cylindrical body,
(b) a lining supported by a portion of the cylindrical body and
forming an annular track,
(1) the entire supporting cylindrical body portion having a prismatic
interior surface, and
(c) at least one roller arranged to roll under pressure on the
annular track,
(1) the lining consisting only of plates having a concave interior
surface shaped to form a rolling surface of the annular track and
a flat exterior surface resting on the prismatic interior surface
of the supporting cylindrical body portion.
2. The crusher of claim 1 wherein the prismatic interior surface
of the supporting cylindrical body portion is comprised of wedges
arranged on an interior wall of the body portion, the wedges having
an exterior cylindrical surface of the same radius as the interior
body portion wall and a flat interior surface whereon the flat exterior
surface of respective ones of the plates rest.
3. The crusher of claim 1 wherein the prismatic interior surface
is machined into an interior wall of the cylindrical body portion.
4. The crusher of claim 1 wherein the directrix of the prismatic
interior surface is a regular polygon, and the flat exterior surface
of the plates has a size substantially equal to the size of supporting
faces of the prismatic interior surface, the plates having front
and rear faces extending in planes defined by the axis of the annular
track and respective edges of the prismatic interior surface.
5. The crusher of claim 1 wherein the prismatic interior surface
has corners distributed regularly over the periphery of the cylindrical
body portion and flat support faces for the plates between the corners
where the support faces intersect, the plates having a thickness
which increases from front to rear between front and rear faces
of the plates, and the front and rear faces extending in planes
defined by the axis of the annular track.
6. The crusher of claim 5 wherein the front face of the plates
extends perpendicularly to the flat exterior surface thereof and
the prismatic interior surface having a front face forming said
corners and extending perpendicularly to the flat faces whereon
the plates rest.
7. The crusher of claim 6 wherein the prismatic interior surface
is comprised of wedges arranged on an interior wall of the cylindrical
body portion, the wedges having a thickness diminishing from front
to rear.
8. The crusher of claim 1 further comprising annular retaining
rings affixed to the cylindrical body portion and extending along
the sides of the plates for retaining the plates therebetween.
9. The crusher of claim 1 wherein adjacent ones of the plates
define joints therebetween, further comprising a synthetic resin
filling the joints.
10. A lining plate for an annular track of a crusher comprising
a cylindrical body having an interior wall supporting the track
and at least one roller arranged to roll on the track, the plate
having a concave interior surface shaped to form a rolling surface
of the annular track and a flat exterior surface adapted to rest
on a flat face of the interior wall, the thickness of the plate
increasing from a front face to a rear face.
11. The lining plate of claim 10 wherein the front face of the
plate extends perpendicularly to the flat exterior surface.
Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a crusher comprising a cylindrical
body comprising an annular track on the interior surface of the
cylindrical body and one or more rollers arranged to roll on the
annular track. The rollers are pressed against the annular track
by weights, by centrifugal force or by such means as jacks or springs
to crush any material on the annular track by grinding it between
the roller(s) and the track.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A crusher of this type has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5205494
and since the crusher is conventional, only those parts of the crusher
relevant to this invention have been illustrated therein.
To avoid too rapid wear of the annular crusher track, it may be
lined with hard metal plates. Because of their hardness, it is generally
not possible to machine anything but flat faces on these lining
plates. The cylindrical surfaces serving to support the plates on
the cylindrical crusher body are, therefore, rough as they come
from the foundry and their bearing faces are generally not perfect.
As a result, the high pressures which the rollers apply to the lining
plates during the operation of the crusher may cause them to break.
This danger is enhanced by the fact that the plates are generally
pierced by holes receiving screws or bolts serving to affix the
plates to the cylindrical supporting body and which reduce the mechanical
strength of the plates.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the primary object of the invention to eliminate this danger
and to assure a perfect bearing of the lining plates on the interior
wall of the cylindrical body of the crusher while avoiding the use
of any fixing means, such as screws or bolts, for holding the lining
plates on the interior surface of the cylindrical body.
The above and other objects are accomplished according to the present
invention in a crusher which comprises a cylindrical body, a lining
supported by a portion of the cylindrical body and forming an annular
track, the supporting cylindrical body portion having a prismatic
interior surface, and at least one roller arranged to roll on the
annular track. The lining consists of plates having a concave interior
surface shaped to form a rolling surface of the annular track and
a flat exterior surface resting on the prismatic interior surface
of the supporting cylindrical body portion.
The lining plate for an annular track of a crusher comprising a
cylindrical body having an interior wall supporting the track and
at least one roller arranged to roll on the track, according to
this invention has a concave interior surface shaped to form a rolling
surface of the annular track and a flat exterior surface adapted
to rest on a flat face of the interior wall.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the invention
will become more apparent from the following description of certain
now preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawing wherein
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary view showing in transverse cross section
a portion of a cylindrical body of a horizontal crusher, illustrating
the annular track according to one embodiment of the present invention
and a roller arranged to roll on the track;
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a wedge of the prismatic
interior surface of the cylindrical body portion and a lining plate
supported on the wedge;
FIG. 3 is a section along line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1 and illustrating another
embodiment of this invention; and
FIG. 5 is a view similar to that of FIG. 2 and illustrating the
embodiment of FIG. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawing wherein like reference numerals in
all figures designate like parts, there is shown a portion of a
crusher of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5205494 whose
disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. The crusher comprises
a rotary body constituted by a short cylindrical body or drum 10
which has a horizontal axis X--X (see FIGS. 2 and 5). A lining is
supported by a portion of cylindrical body 10 and forms annular
track 12 for a material to be crushed. Roller 16 is maintained in
the interior of cylindrical body 10 in a fixed position and is arranged
to roll on annular track 12 while being pressed thereagainst by
springs or jacks (not shown) to crush the material between annular
track 12 and roller 16. The clockwise direction of rotation of annular
track 12 is indicated by arrows in FIGS. 1 and 4.
As shown in the drawing and more particularly in FIG. 1 the supporting
cylindrical body portion has a prismatic interior surface, and the
lining forming annular track 12 consists of plates 14 of a hard
metal, which are disposed side-by-side to form a cylindrical rolling
surface about a horizontal axis. As best shown in FIG. 2 each lining
plate 14 has a concave interior surface 18 shaped to form a rolling
surface of the annular track and a flat exterior surface 20 resting
on the prismatic interior surface of the supporting cylindrical
body portion. It further has two side faces 22 and 24 extending
perpendicularly to axis X--X of the annular track, a front face
26 and rear face 28 the front and rear faces extending in planes
containing the annular track axis. The terms "front" and
"rear", as used throughout the specification and claims,
refer to the direction of rotation of the cylindrical body and annular
track, front faces 26 passing under roller 16 before rear faces
28 during the operation of the crusher. This definition applies
to such crushers in which the annular track is fixed and the roller
is subjected to a rotary movement about the axis of the crusher.
As shown in FIG. 1 the prismatic interior surface of the supporting
cylindrical body portion 10 is comprised of wedges 30 arranged on
an interior wall of the body portion, and each wedge 30 has an exterior
cylindrical surface 34 of the same radius as the interior body portion
wall and a flat interior surface 32 whereon the flat exterior surface
20 of a respective plate 14 rests. The wedges are affixed to the
interior cylindrical body portion wall, for example by welding.
Wedges 30 form the prismatic interior surface whose directrix is
a regular polygon, and flat exterior surface 20 of plates 14 has
a size substantially equal to the size of supporting faces 32 of
the prismatic interior surface, front and rear faces 26 and 28 extending
in planes defined by axis X--X of the annular track and respective
edges of the prismatic interior surface. The size of supporting
faces 32 is a little bigger than that of flat exterior faces 20
to provide sufficient play between the plates to permit their assembly
on the prismatic interior surface, which produces joints between
adjacent plates 14 which may be filled with a synthetic resin,
for example an epoxy resin, so that these joints are not filled
with particles of the material to be crushed at the start of the
crusher operation.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 the prismatic interior
surface has corners 35 distributed regularly over the periphery
of the cylindrical body portion 10 and flat support faces 32 for
the plates between the corners where the flat support faces intersect.
Corners 35 are located in the planes defined by front faces 26 and
rear faces 28 of plates 14.
Depending on the width of the annular track, it may be formed by
one of several circular rows of lining plates. Also, each wedge
may support a single plate or the adjacent plates of several rows.
As shown in FIG. 3 two annular retaining rings 36 are affixed
to the cylindrical body portion, for example by welding, and extend
along front and rear faces 22 24 of the plates for retaining plates
14 therebetween. In such an assembly, no other means, such as screws
or bolts, needs to be used to hold the lining plates on the interior
wall of the cylindrical body against displacement in a direction
extending parallel to axis X--X. The plates are held in place like
an arch, the prismatic interior surface defined by wedges 30 which
support plates 14 preventing the circumferential displacement of
the assembled plates with respect to the wedges.
If desired and instead of providing wedges affixed to the interior
wall of the cylindrical body, the prismatic interior surface may
be machined into the interior wall or into a ring affixed thereto.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 the prismatic interior surface
is comprised of wedges 30' arranged on an interior wall of the cylindrical
body portion, the wedges having a thickness diminishing from front
to rear so that adjacent wedges define corners. Flat interior surface
32' of the wedges, which supports lining plates 14', extends perpendicularly
to front face 40 of wedges 30', which form the corners. Lining plates
14' have a thickness which increases from front face 26' to the
rear face between the front and rear faces of the plates. The front
and rear faces extend in planes defined by axis X--X of the annular
track and respective faces of the prismatic interior surface forming
the corners. Front face 26' of plates 14' extends perpendicularly
to flat exterior surface 20' thereof and the front face of the wedges
forming the corners extend perpendicularly to flat face 32' whereon
plates 14' rest.
Due to this configuration of wedges 30' and lining plates 14',
the component of the radial forces applied by roller 16 which is
parallel to the surface supporting a lining plate, always extends
in the same direction, from front to rear, when the generatrix along
which these forces are applied is displaced from front to rear of
the plate because of the rotation of the annular track. Therefore,
the lining plates which protect the annular track against wear always
remain in abutment with the corners formed by the front face 40
of wedges 30', which prevents an alternating displacement of the
plates. Such a displacement would cause shocks and resultant deterioration
of the plates.
Instead of being cylindrical, the rolling surface of annular track
12 could be toric or frusto-conical, or formed of several cylindrical
surfaces of different diameters, and the shape of the interior surface
of the lining plates would, of course, have a corresponding shape.
Such modifications are encompassed by the term "cylindrical"
used throughout the specification and claims. Also, the annular
track may be fixed, instead of being rotated during operation of
the crusher, and the roller may be rotated about the axis of the
annular track. Furthermore, while a crusher having a horizontal
axis has been illustrated, the axis may extend vertically. |