Abstrict A supersonic jet crusher of a collisional type has an injecting
nozzle for injecting a jet stream into a crushing chamber; a jet
stream path for supplying a crushing material into the jet stream;
a collisional plate disposed in a position opposite to the injecting
nozzle; a detachable jig disposed in said crushing chamber; and
a secondary collisional plate detachably arranged in the detachable
jig such that the crushing material collides with the collisional
plate and further collides with the secondary collisional plate.
Another supersonic jet crusher of a collisional type has an injecting
nozzle for injecting a jet stream into a crushing chamber; a supplying
port for supplying a crushing material into the jet stream; and
a collisional member opposed to the injecting nozzle and having
a crushing face on which the crushing material directly collides
against to finely crush the crushing material. The crushing face
of the collisional member is vertically moved or rotated with respect
to an injecting direction of the jet stream so as change a position
of the crushing face to permit the jet stream to directly collide
with the collisional member.
Claims What is claimed is:
1. A supersonic jet crusher of a collisional type comprising:
a crushing chamber having at least one detachable outer cover forming
a wall of the crushing chamber;
an injecting nozzle for injecting a jet stream into said crushing
chamber;
a jet stream path extending from said nozzle to said crushing chamber
for supplying a crushing material into said crushing chamber;
a collisional plate positioned in said crushing chamber and disposed
in a position in line with said jet stream path and opposite to
said injecting nozzle for crushing said crushing material supplied
by said jet stream;
a detachable jig disposed in said crushing chamber; and
a secondary collisional plate detachably attached to said detachable
jig such that the crushing material collides with said collisional
plate and further collides with the secondary collisional plate.
2. The supersonic jet crusher of a collisional type according to
claim 1 wherein a cross section of said secondary collisional plate
is approximately formed in the shape of a circle.
3. The supersonic jet crusher of a collisional type according to
claim 1 or 2 wherein a distance between the collisional plate and
the secondary collisional plate is set in such a manner that the
distance on an upper side of said secondary collisional is smaller
than the distance on a lower side of said secondary collisional
plate.
4. A supersonic jet crusher of a collisional type according to
claim 3 wherein a cross section of said secondary collisional plate
is approximately formed in the shape of a horse shoe.
5. The supersonic jet crusher of a collisional type according to
claim 1 wherein said detachable jig is detachably attached to a
wall of the crushing chamber.
Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a supersonic jet crusher of a
collisional type using a high pressure gas constituting a jet stream.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a supersonic
jet crusher of a collisional type for crushing a crushing material
consisting of coarse particles into minute particles.
2. Description of the Related Art
For example, in a general electrophotographic copying machine of
a dry type, resin, etc. are changed to fine powder and toner composed
of the fine powder is used as developing powder.
Such toner is called dry type toner for an electrostatic charge
image. When this toner is manufactured, resin, a dye, a pigment,
etc. are melted and kneaded in a thermal roller mill. After the
kneaded material is cooled, the kneaded material is coarsely crushed
by using a jaw crusher, etc. This crushing material is finely crushed
by a supersonic jet crusher.
At the present time, there is a requirement for manufacturing toner
with reduced cost by crushing the crushing material with high efficiency.
However, when such toner is manufactured by the jet crusher, crushing
ability is determined by a primary collision between the crushing
material and a collisional plate and a secondary collision between
the once-crushed material and a wall of a crushing chamber.
In a large-sized jet crusher having a flow rate of a jet stream
equal to or greater than 5 m.sup.3 /min, the shape of the secondary
collisional plate is limited so as not to effect the maintenance
of the crusher.
When a collisional member having a crushing face is used, the crushing
face is perpendicular to an injecting direction of the jet stream
in which maximum impact force is obtained on the crushing face by
a crushing action of the coarse material colliding with the collisional
member. However, when toner is actually manufactured, the crushing
face is partially worn by the frictional crushing action between
the crushing face and a raw material of toner as the crushing material
when the jet crusher is continuously operated for a long period.
Accordingly, it is impossible to maintain an inclination of the
crushing face in which the crushing face is inclined 90.degree.
with respect to the injecting direction of the jet stream. Therefore,
processing ability of the crusher is reduced.
Accordingly, it is desirable to develop a jet crusher of this kind
for continuously maintaining the maximum impact force on the crushing
face for a long period with respect to particles having a diameter
which are required to be crushed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a
supersonic jet crusher of a collisional type for maintaining maximum
impact force with a crushing face for a long period with respect
to particles having a diameter which are required to be crushed.
In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention,
the., above object can be achieved by a supersonic jet crusher of
a collisional type comprising an injecting nozzle For injecting
a jet stream into a crushing chamber; a jet stream path extending
from the nozzle for supplying a crushing material into the crushing
chamber; a collisional plate disposed in a position opposite to
the injecting nozzle; a detachable jig disposed in said crushing
chamber; and a secondary collisional plate detachably arranged in
a detachable jig such that the crushing material collides with the
collisional plate and further collides with the secondary collisional
plate.
In the first crusher, the secondary collisional plate is preferably
formed approximately in the shape of a circle in cross section.
Further, an area for an upper portion of the secondary collisional
plate opposite to an upper air flow path located above a center
of the jet stream may be set to be smaller than an area for a lower
portion of the secondary collisional plate opposite to a lower air
flow path located below the center of the jet stream. In this case,
the secondary collisional plate is preferably formed approximately
in the shape of a horse shoe in cross section.
In accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention,
the above object can be achieved by a supersonic jet crusher of
a collisional type comprising an injecting nozzle for injecting
a jet stream into a crushing chamber; a supplying port for supplying
a crushing material into the jet stream; and a collisional member
opposed to the injecting nozzle and having a crushing face against
which the crushing material along with the jet stream directly collides
to finely crush the crushing material. The supersonic jet crusher
is constructed such that the crushing face of the collisional member
is vertically movable or rotatable with respect to an injecting
direction of the jet stream so as to change a position of the crushing
face and permit the jet stream to directly collide with the collisional
member.
In the second jet crusher, the crushing face of the collisional
member is preferably attached to a fixed portion such that the crushing
face can be vertically moved or rotated with respect to the injecting
direction of the jet stream. Further, a collisional face of the
collisional member is preferably constructed by a collisional plate,
a base and a fixed shaft.
As mentioned above, the first supersonic jet crusher of a collisional
type in the present invention has the injecting nozzle for injecting
a jet stream into the crushing chamber; the jet stream path extending
from the nozzle for supplying a crushing material into the crushing
chamber, and the collisional plate disposed in a position opposite
to the injecting nozzle. The supersonic jet crusher further has
the secondary collisional plate detachably disposed in the crushing
chamber such that the crushed material collides with the collisional
plate and further collides with the secondary collisional plate.
Accordingly, the secondary collisional plate can be attached and
detached from the crushing chamber in accordance with an injecting
speed of the jet stream.
When the secondary collisional plate is approximately formed in
the shape of a circle, crushability of the once-crushed material
using the secondary collision is improved.
Further, an area at an upper portion of the secondary collisional
plate and opposite to an upper air flow path located above a center
of the jet stream can be set to be smaller than an area at a lower
portion of the secondary collisional plate opposite to a lower air
flow path and located below the center of the jet stream. In this
case, an air flow velocity is increased in the lower portion of
the secondary collisional plate located below the center of the
jet stream.
When the secondary collisional plate is approximately formed in
the shape of a horse shoe, the area at the lower portion of the
collisional plate is increased. Accordingly, after the jet stream
collides with the secondary collisional plate, the jet stream tends
to flow into this lower portion so that a flow velocity of the jet
stream is greatly increased.
In the above second jet crusher of the present invention, a crushing
material is supplied from the supplying port into the crushing chamber.
The crushed material collides with the opposite collisional member
in a state in which the crushing material is included in a jet stream
injected from the injecting nozzle. Thus, the crushing material
is crushed against the collisional member. In this collision, the
collisional member is uniformly worn by moving this collisional
member. Accordingly, maximum impact force can be maintained for
a long period so that durability of the crusher is greatly improved.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments
of the present invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing one example of a
general supersonic jet crusher;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing one example of a secondary
collisional plate and taken along line A--B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the
secondary collisional plate and taken along line A--B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the
secondary collisional plate and taken along line A--B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the
secondary collisional plate and taken along line A--B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the
secondary collisional plate and taken along line A--B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic explanatory view showing another example
of the general crusher;
FIG. 8 is a view for explaining the shape of a collisional member
disposed in the crusher shown in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a main portion of a supersonic
jet crusher of a collisional type in accordance with a first embodiment
of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing one example of a secondary
collisional plate including an outer cover for a crushing chamber
and a circular sleeve, arranged in the crusher shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a main portion of a supersonic
jet crusher of a collisional type in accordance with a first embodiment
of the present invention shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 is a front view of the secondary collisional plate shown
in FIG. 10 and seen from one direction;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing another example of the secondary
collisional plate including an outer cover for a crushing chamber
and a sleeve of a horse shoe type in the secondary collisional plate,
arranged in the crusher shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 14 is a schematic explanatory view showing a main portion
of a crusher in accordance with a second embodiment of the present
invention; and
FIG. 15 is a side view showing one example of a collisional portion
of the crusher shown in FIG. 14.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The preferred embodiments of a supersonic jet crusher of a collisional
type in the present invention will next be described in detail with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows one example of a supersonic jet crusher for crushing
and changing a crushing material made of resin, etc. to a toner
particle. Japanese Patent Application Laying Open (KOKAI) Nos. 58-143853
2-68155 and 1-254266 and Japanese Utility Model Application Laying
Open (KOKAI) No. 51-100574 show crushers each having a main portion
approximately conforming to that of the jet crusher shown in FIG.
1.
In FIG. 1 a crushing material Ta is made resin, etc. coarsely
crushed and is supplied from a material supplying side 1 of the
crusher. The crushing material Ta is guided into a classifying process
chamber 3 through a passage 2. The crushing material Ta is directed
from the classifying process chamber 3 to a jet stream path 5 through
a passage 4.
A high pressure air is injected from a nozzle 6 by the inflow of
a compressed air. Accordingly, a supersonic air jet stream is caused
in the jet stream path 5. A collisional plate 7 is disposed in a
moving direction of this jet stream and is opposed to the nozzle
6.
The crushing material discharged from the passage 4 is guided by
the jet stream. While the crushing material is moved in this jet
stream at a high speed such as a supersonic speed, the crushing
material collides with the collisional plate 7 and further collides
with a side face 8.
After the crushing material Ta collides with the collisional plate
7 at the supersonic speed and the side face 8 the crushing material
Ta is crushed to minute particles.
Namely, the crushing material is changed to impalpable or fine
powder as toner supplied to perform a developing operation. This
fine powder Tp is fed from a powder chamber 9 to a passage 10 and
is then fed to the classifying process chamber 3 together with the
crushing material Ta in the passage 2.
With respect to the crushing material Ta and the fine powder Tp
fed to the classifying process chamber 3 the fine powder Tp is
collected as a product in an arrow direction in FIG. 1. The crushing
material Ta is again fed to the jet stream path 5 through the passage
4 and is crushed against the collisional plate 7.
As mentioned above, the crushing material is crushed by a collision
between the crushing material and the collisional plate. Therefore,
the supersonic jet crusher of this kind is called a supersonic jet
crusher of a collisional type.
In such a jet crusher, the crushing material is crushed by collisions
between particles sucked into a jet stream and collisions between
these particles and the collisional plate.
In the above-mentioned toner manufacturing process, fine powder
having a size equal to or smaller than 100 .mu.m in diameter is
classified, selected and used. In this case, it is necessary to
satisfy requirements about quality such as a toner particle diameter
and a yield value (collected toner/material supplying amount) .
It is known that the quality of toner is mostly influenced by the
feeding or supplying amount of the crushing material, the crushing
air pressure, the crushing air flow amount and the shapes of the
collisional plate and the secondary collisional plate.
The collisional plate is disposed in a direction perpendicular
to a moving direction of the jet stream. The collisional plate of
a plane type has a most excellent crushability so that it is possible
to provide sharp classifying effects.
In this case, crushability as a crushing performance is processing
ability for obtaining toner having a constant particle diameter
distribution.
In the general crusher, known crushing means are generally classified
as follows.
(a) Crush using impact (e.g., a hammer mill and an emperor breaker)
(b) Crush using friction and compression (e.g., a roller mill and
a tower mill)
(c) Crush using compression (e.g., a jaw crusher and a gyratory
crusher)
(d) Crush using impact and friction (e.g., a ball mill and a rod
mill)
(e) Crush using impact and shear (e.g., a jet mill and a jet miser)
In many cases, these crushers are selected and used in accordance
with crushing ability, crushing efficiency and thermal characteristics
of a crushing material. In particular, for example, energy is rapidly
increased on a crushing face at a crushing time with respect to
the crushing material such as resin powder or toner having thermoplastic
resin as a main component, thereby generating heat and increasing
temperature on the crushing face. As a result, crushed particles
are cohered and fixed to each other and are melted and fixed to
the crushing face or a crushing contact portion. Accordingly, it
is impossible to use a crusher having the crushing means using impact,
friction and compression. In such a case, it is possible to simultaneously
use a large amount of a cooling compressed gas or a low temperature
gas for providing a great cooling effect as a crushing medium. Accordingly,
a crusher using impact and shear such as a jet mill and a jet miser
is used.
FIG. 7 shows a schematic construction of the general jet type crusher
of this kind. FIG. 8 shows the shape of a collisional member used
in this crusher. In FIG. 7 a crushing chamber 22 is formed within
a casing 21 of the crusher. An injecting nozzle 23 is opened at
one end of the crushing chamber 22 to generate a jet stream b. A
supplying port 24 is opened in a side portion of the casing 21 near
the injecting nozzle 23 within the crushing chamber 22 to supply
a crushed material a. A collisional member 28 is fixed to a fixed
member 26 such that the collisional member 28 is opposed to the
injecting nozzle 23 at the other end of the crushing chamber 22.
The crushing material a is supplied by the jet stream b and collides
with the collisional member 28. A discharging passage 27 is opened
in an outer circumferential portion of the collisional member 28
within the crushing chamber 22. The crushed material a is discharged
to an unillustrated collector through the discharging passage 27.
In FIG. 7 the collisional member 28 has a crushing face 28b formed
in the shape of a disk and perpendicular to an injecting direction
of the jet stream b as shown in FIG. 8.
When the collisional member 28 shown in FIG. 8 is used, all of
the crushing material a supplied from the supplying port 24 into
the crushing chamber 22 directly collides with the disk-shaped crushing
face 28b of the collisional member 28 perpendicular to the injecting
direction of the jet stream b in a state in which the crushing material
a is included in the jet stream b injected from a jet stream introducing
port of the injecting nozzle 23. Thus, the crushing material a is
finely crushed.
At the present time, there is a requirement for manufacturing toner
with reduced cost by crushing the crushing material with high efficiency.
However, when such toner is manufactured by the above crusher, crushing
ability is determined by a primary collision between the crushing
material and the collisional plate and a secondary collision between
the crushing material and a wall of the crushing chamber.
FIGS. 2 to 6 are cross-sectional views of various kinds of secondary
collisional plates taken along line A--B in FIG. 1. A cross-sectional
shape of each of the secondary collisional plates taken along line
A--B and shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 is used in FIGS. 5 and 6. It is known
that the cross-sectional shape of a secondary collisional plate
shown in FIG. 4 has most excellent crushing ability.
In a large-sized crusher having the flow rate of a jet stream equal
to or greater than 5 m.sup.3 /min, the cross-sectional shape of
the secondary collisional plate is limited to that shown in FIG.
2 so as not to affect the maintenance of the crusher.
When the collisional member 28 having the crushing face shown in
FIG. 8 is used, the crushing face 28b is perpendicular to the injecting
direction of the jet stream in which maximum impact force is obtained
on the crushing face 28b by a crushing action of the jet stream
against the collisional member 28. However, when toner is actually
manufactured, the crushing face 28b is partially worn by a frictional
crushing action between the crushing face 28b and a raw material
of toner as the crushing material a when the crusher is continuously
operated for a long period. Accordingly, it is impossible to maintain
an inclination of the crushing face 28b in which the crushing face
28b is inclined 90.degree. with respect to the injecting direction
of the jet stream. Therefore, processing ability of the crusher
is reduced.
Accordingly, it is desirable to develop a jet crusher of this kind
for continuously maintaining the maximum impact force on the crushing
face 28b for a long period with respect to particles having a diameter
which are required to be crushed.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a main portion of a supersonic
jet crusher of a collisional type in accordance with a first embodiment
of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing
one example of a dedicated jig 17 and a secondary collisional plate
17a arranged in the crusher shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 11 is a perspective
view showing a main portion of a supersonic jet crusher of a collisional
type in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 12 is a front view of the dedicated jig 17
shown in FIG. 10 and seen from one direction.
Concrete Embodiments 1 to 9 of the present invention will next
be described.
EMBODIMENT 1
In FIG. 9 and FIG. 11 a crushing material Ta is supplied to a
jet stream path 16 through a passage 14. A high pressure air is
injected from an injecting nozzle 15 by the inflow of a compressed
air. Accordingly, an air jet stream having a supersonic speed is
generated in a jet stream path 16. A collisional plate 18 for crushing
the crushing material Ta is opposed to the jet stream path 16 and
is arranged in a moving direction of this jet stream.
The crushing material passes through the jet stream path 16 and
is moved at a high speed. The crushing material then collides with
the collisional plate 18 so that the crushing material is crushed
to minute particles. Thereafter, the once-crushed material collides
with a secondary collisional plate 17a arranged around the collisional
plate 18. Thus, the minute particles of the once-crushed material
are further crushed to fine particles.
This secondary collisional plate 17a is detachably arranged in
a dedicated jig 17 as shown in FIG. 10 and outer covers 17c which
forms walls of a crushing chamber 19 are shown in FIG. 11. The fixed
bolt 17b is used to detachably attach the dedicated jig 17 to a
wall of the crushing chamber 19 and is shown in FIG. 11 attached
to one of the outer covers 17c. It is possible to change a distance
between the collisional plate 18 and the secondary collisional plate
17a by replacing this secondary collisional plate 17a with another.
For example, the distance between the collisional plate 18 and
the secondary collisional plate 17a is set to a value from 10 to
50 mm. This distance is most preferably set to a value from 20 to
40 mm. Crushing ability is increased by an interaction between the
collisional plate 18 and the secondary collisional plate 17a. Further,
the diameter of a particle in the crushed material is reduced by
this interaction so that a supplying amount of the crushed material
is greatly increased, thereby increasing crushing ability.
The secondary collisional plate 17a is preferably made of ceramics,
nickel, titanium, stainless steel. etc. When ceramics is selected
as the secondary collisional plate 17a, the secondary collisional
plate 17a has excellent abrasion, heat and corrosion resistances.
Phthalocyanine pigment having 5 weight percent is mixed with resin
composed of polyester resin having 15 weight percent and styrene
acrylic resin having 85 weight percent. A mixed material has a softening
point temperature of 80.degree. C. The mixed material is melted
and kneaded by a thermal roller mill. After the mixed material is
cooled, the mixed material is coarsely crushed by a jaw crusher.
A secondary collisional plate of a circular type is used in a crushing
chamber and a dedicated jig is attached to this secondary collisional
plate. The dedicated jig is used to detachably attach the second
collisional plate to a wall of the crushing chamber. A distance
between the collisional plate and the secondary collisional plate
around this collisional plate is set to 45 mm by a circular sleeve.
In this state, the mixed material is finely crushed by the supersonic
jet crusher. Thus, the crushed material of 60 Kg in weight per one
hour can be supplied to obtain fine powder having a volume average
particle diameter of 12 .mu.m.
The supersonic jet crusher has a maximum consumed air flow amount
of 10 m.sup.3 /min in this Embodiment 1.
EMBODIMENT 2
In this Embodiment 2 a mixed material and a secondary collisional
plate of a circular type disposed in a supersonic jet crusher are
similar to those in the above Embodiment 1. The secondary collisional
plate is disposed in a crushing chamber. A distance between a collisional
plate and the secondary collisional plate around this collisional
plate is set to 35 mm. In this state, the mixed material is finely
crushed by the supersonic jet crusher. Thus, the crushed material
of 63 Kg in weight per one hour can be supplied to obtain fine powder
having a volume average particle diameter of 12 .mu.m.
EMBODIMENT 3
Phthalocyanine pigment having 5 weight percent is mixed with resin
composed of polyester resin having 75 weight percent and styrene
acrylic resin having 15 weight percent. A mixed material has a softening
point temperature of 69.degree. C. The mixed material is melted
and kneaded by a thermal roller mill. After the mixed material is
cooled, the mixed material is coarsely crushed by a jaw crusher.
A secondary collisional plate of a circular type is used in a crushing
chamber and a dedicated jig is attached to this secondary collisional
plate. The dedicated jig is used to detachably attach the second
collisional plate to a wall of the crushing chamber. A distance
between a collisional plate and the secondary collisional plate
around this collisional plate is set to 40 mm. In this state, the
mixed material is finely crushed by the supersonic jet crusher.
Thus, the crushed material of 60 Kg in weight per one hour can be
supplied to obtain fine powder having a volume average particle
diameter of 10 .mu.m.
The supersonic jet crusher has a maximum consumed air flow amount
of 10 m.sup.3 /min in this Embodiment 3.
EMBODIMENT 4
In this Embodiment 4 a mixed material and a secondary collisional
plate of a circular type disposed in a supersonic jet crusher are
similar to those in the above Embodiment 3. The secondary collisional
plate is disposed in a crushing chamber. A distance between a collisional
plate and the secondary collisional plate around this collisional
plate is set to 30 mm. In this state, the mixed material is finely
crushed by the supersonic jet crusher. Thus, the crushed material
of 65 Kg in weight per one hour can be supplied to obtain fine powder
having a volume average particle diameter of 10 .mu.m.
COMPARING EXAMPLE 1
In this example, a mixed material and a supersonic jet crusher
are similar to those in the above Embodiment 1. The mixed material
is finely crushed by the supersonic jet crusher without using any
dedicated jig. Thus, the crushed material of 50 Kg in weight per
one hour can be supplied to obtain fine powder having a volume average
particle diameter of 12 .mu.m.
COMPARING EXAMPLE 2
In this example, a mixed material and a supersonic jet crusher
are similar to those in the above Embodiment 3. The mixed material
is finely crushed by the supersonic jet crusher without using any
dedicated jig. Thus, the crushed material of 50 Kg in weight per
one hour can be supplied to obtain fine powder having a volume average
particle diameter of 10 .mu.m.
Experimental results in the above Embodiments 1 to 4 and the comparing
examples 1 and 2 are summarized in Table 1.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ supplying shape
of consumed, target amount of secondary air flow particle crushed
collisional amount diameter material plate ______________________________________
Embodiment 1 10 m.sup.3 /min 12.0 .mu.m 60 kg/Hr circle Embodiment
2 10 12.0 63 circle Comparing 10 12.0 50 square example 1 Embodiment
3 10 10.0 60 circle Embodiment 4 10 10.0 65 circle Comparing 10
10.0 50 square example 2 ______________________________________
distance of secondary softening collisional processing point plate
ability temperature ______________________________________ Embodiment
1 45 mm 1.2 80.degree. C. Embodiment 2 35 1.26 80 Comparing -- 1.0
80 example 1 Embodiment 3 40 1.2 69 Embodiment 4 30 1.26 69 Comparing
-- 1.0 69 example 2 ______________________________________
With respect to processing ability in Table 1 the processing ability
in the comparing example 1 is set to 1 in the Embodiments 1 and
2 and the processing ability in the comparing example 2 is set
to 1 in the Embodiments 3 and 4.
EMBODIMENT 5
FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing another example of the secondary
collisional plate of a horse shoe type in the crusher shown in FIG.
9 and FIG. 11.
A crushing material passes through the jet stream path 16 shown
in FIG. 9 and FIG. 11 and is moved at a high speed. The crushing
material then collides with the collisional plate 18 so that the
crushing material is crushed to minute particles. Thereafter, the
once-crushed material collides with a secondary collisional plate
17d arranged around the collisional plate 18. The secondary collisional
plate 17d is of a horse shoe type and is formed in the shape of
a sleeve. Thus, the minute particles of the once-crushed material
are further crushed to fine particles. A distance between the collisional
plate 18 and the secondary collisional plate 17d of a horse shoe
type around this collisional plate 18 is reduced on an upper side
of the secondary collisional plate 17d. Accordingly, the crushed
material can be directed toward a passage 20 without storing this
crushed material, thereby increasing crushing ability.
The secondary collisional plate 17d is preferably made of ceramics,
nickel, titanium, stainless steel, etc. When ceramics is selected
as the secondary collisional plate 17d, the secondary collisional
plate 17d has excellent abrasion, heat and corrosion resistances.
Phthalocyanine pigment having 5 weight percent is mixed with resin
composed of polyester resin having 15 weight percent and styrene
acrylic resin having 85 weight percent. A mixed material has a softening
point temperature of 80.degree. C. The mixed material is melted
and kneaded by a thermal roller mill. After the mixed material is
cooled, the mixed material is coarsely crushed by a jaw crusher.
A secondary collisional plate of a circular type is used in a crushing
chamber and a dedicated jig is attached to this secondary collisional
plate. The dedicated jig is used to detachably attach the second
collisional plate to a wall of the crushing chamber. A distance
between the collisional plate and the secondary collisional plate
around this collisional plate is set to 45 mm by a circular sleeve.
In this state, the mixed material is finely crushed by the supersonic
jet crusher. Thus, the crushed material of 61 Kg in weight per one
hour can be supplied to obtain fine powder having a volume average
particle diameter of 12 .mu.m.
The supersonic jet crusher has a maximum consumed air flow amount
of 10 m.sup.3 /min in this Embodiment 5.
EMBODIMENT 6
In this Embodiment 6 a mixed material and a secondary collisional
plate of a circular type disposed in a supersonic jet crusher are
similar to those in the above Embodiment 5. The secondary collisional
plate is disposed in a crushing chamber. A distance between a collisional
plate and the secondary collisional plate around this collisional
plate is set to 35 mm. In this state, the mixed material is finely
crushed by the supersonic jet crusher. Thus, the crushed material
of 65 Kg in weight per one hour can be supplied to obtain fine powder
having a volume average particle diameter of 12 .mu.m.
EMBODIMENT 7
Phthalocyanine pigment having 5 weight percent is mixed with resin
composed of polyester resin having 75 weight percent and styrene
acrylic resin having 15 weight percent. A mixed material has a softening
point temperature of 69.degree. C. The mixed material is melted
and kneaded by a thermal roller mill. After the mixed material is
cooled, the mixed material is coarsely crushed by a jaw crusher.
A secondary collisional plate of a circular type is used in a crushing
chamber and a dedicated jig is attached to this secondary collisional
plate. The dedicated jig is used to detachably attach the second
collisional plate to a wall of the crushing chamber. A distance
between a collisional plate and the secondary collisional plate
around this collisional plate is set to 40 mm. In this state, the
mixed material is finely crushed by the supersonic jet crusher.
Thus, the crushed material of 61 Kg in weight per one hour can be
supplied to obtain fine powder having a volume average particle
diameter of 10 .mu.m.
EMBODIMENT 8
In this Embodiment 8 a mixed material and a secondary collisional
plate of a circular type disposed in a supersonic jet crusher are
similar to those in the above Embodiment 7. A dedicated jig is attached
to the secondary collisional plate and this secondary collisional
plate is disposed in a crushing chamber. The dedicated jig is used
to detachably attach the second collisional plate to a wall of the
crushing chamber. A distance between a collisional plate and the
secondary collisional plate around this collisional plate is set
to 30 mm. In this state, the mixed material is finely crushed by
the supersonic jet crusher. Thus, the crushed material of 70 Kg
in weight per one hour can be supplied to obtain fine powder having
a volume average particle diameter of 10 .mu.m.
COMPARING EXAMPLE 3
In this example, a mixed material and a supersonic jet crusher
are similar to those in the above Embodiment 5. The mixed material
is finely crushed by the supersonic jet crusher without using any
dedicated jig. Thus, the crushed material of 50 Kg in weight per
one hour can be supplied to obtain fine powder having a volume average
particle diameter of 12 .mu.m.
COMPARING EXAMPLE 4
In this example, a mixed material and a supersonic jet crusher
are similar to those in the above Embodiment 7. The mixed material
is finely crushed by the supersonic jet crusher without using any
dedicated jig. Thus, the crushed material of 50 Kg in weight per
one hour can be supplied to obtain fine powder having a volume average
particle diameter of 10 .mu.m.
Experimental results in the above Embodiments 5 to 8 and the comparing
examples 3 and 4 are summarized in Table 2.
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ supplying shape
of consumed, target amount of secondary air flow particle crushed
collisional amount diameter material plate ______________________________________
Embodiment 5 10 m.sup.3 /min 12.0 .mu.m 61 kg/Hr horse shoe Embodiment
6 10 12.0 65 horse shoe Comparing 10 12.0 50 square example 3 Embodiment
7 10 10.0 61 horse shoe Embodiment 8 10 10.0 70 horse shoe Comparing
10 10.0 50 square example 4 ______________________________________
distance of secondary softening collisional processing point plate
ability temperature ______________________________________ Embodiment
5 45 mm 1.22 80.degree. C. Embodiment 6 35 1.30 80 Comparing --
1.0 80 example 3 Embodiment 7 40 1.22 69 Embodiment 8 30 1.40 69
Comparing -- 1.0 69 example 4 ______________________________________
With respect to processing ability in Table 2 the processing ability
in the comparing example is set to 1 in the Embodiments 5 and 6
and the processing ability in the comparing example 4 is set to
1 in the Embodiments 7 and 8.
A jet crusher in accordance with a second embodiment of the present
invention will next be described in detail.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing the schematic
construction of a crusher of a jet mill type used in the following
concrete Embodiment 9. FIG. 15 is a side view showing the shape
of a collisional section used in this crusher of a jet mill type.
In FIGS. 14 and 15 constructional portions similar to or corresponding
to those in FIGS. 7 and 8 are designated by the same reference numerals.
EMBODIMENT 9
In FIG. 14 a crushing chamber 22 is formed within a casing 21
of this crusher. An injecting nozzle 23 is opened at one end of
the crushing chamber 22 to generate a jet stream b. A supplying
port 24 is opened in a side portion of the casing 21 near the injecting
nozzle 23 within the crushing chamber 22 to supply a crushed material
a. A collisional member 28 is fixed to a fixed member 26 such that
the collisional member 28 is opposed to the injecting nozzle 23
at the other end of the crushing chamber 22. The collisional member
28 constitutes features of the present invention. The crushed material
a supplied by the jet stream b collides with the collisional member
28. A discharging passage 27 is opened on a side of the collisional
member 28 within the crushing chamber 22. The crushed material a
is discharged to an unillustrated collector through the discharging
passage 27.
In FIG. 14 a cover 29 shown in FIG. 15 is arranged behind a collisional
plate 28a and a crushing face 28b of the collisional member 28.
An elongated hole is disposed in a central portion of the cover
29. A base 31 is arranged at an end of the cover 29 and the collisional
plate 28a can be attached to this base 31. A fixed shaft 31a is
connected onto a rear face of the base 31. When the fixed shaft
31a is inserted into the elongated hole 30 it is possible to vertically
move or rotate the base 31 and the collisional plate 28a attached
onto an end face thereof. Thus, the collisional plate 28a can be
moved while the injecting direction of a jet stream injected from
the injecting nozzle 23 is inclined 90 degrees with respect to the
collisional plate 28a and this inclination angle is held.
In this case, the crushing material a is composed of:
polyester resin having 15 weight percent;
a magnetic substance having 30 weight percent;
styrene acrylic resin having 50 weight percent; and
a dye having 5 weight percent.
This crushing material a is melted and kneaded by a thermal roller
mill. After the crushing material is cooled, the crushing material
is coarsely crushed by a jaw crusher. The collisional member of
a movable type shown in FIG. 14 and the collisional member of a
fixed type shown in FIG. 7 are used in the crusher. A compressed
air having a crushing pressure 6.0 kg/cm.sup.2 and a flow amount
10 m.sup.3 /min is used as the jet stream b. The crushing material
a is finely crushed by this compressed air to minute particles having
10 .mu.m in diameter. The following Table 3 compares discharging
amounts of fine powder in the general crusher and the crusher of
the present invention.
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ discharging discharging
amount kg/hr amount kg/hr in general in crusher in crusher Embodiment
9 ______________________________________ accumulated operating time
500 32.0 32.0 1000 30.0 33.0 1500 27.0 32.0 2000 25.0 31.0 average
28.5 32.0 ______________________________________
The collisional member 28 shown in FIG. 15 is rotated 45.degree.
with respect to the injecting nozzle 23 every 500 hours.
As mentioned above, in a first embodiment of the present invention,
a supersonic jet crusher of a collisional type has an injecting
nozzle for injecting a jet stream into a crushing chamber; a jet
stream path for supplying a crushing material into the jet stream;
a collisional plate disposed in a position opposite to the injecting
nozzle; and a secondary collisional plate detachably disposed in
the crushing chamber such that the crushing material collides with
the collisional plate and further collides with the secondary collisional
plate.
Accordingly, the secondary collisional plate can be attached and
detached from the crushing chamber in accordance with an injecting
speed of the jet stream. Therefore, it is possible to effectively
crush the once-crushed material by a secondary collision.
When the secondary collisional plate is approximately formed in
the shape of a circle, crushability of the once-crushed material
using the secondary collision is improved so that crushing efficiency
is greatly increased.
Further, an area for an upper portion of the secondary collisional
plate opposite to an upper air flow path located above a center
of the jet stream can be set to be smaller than an area for a lower
portion of the secondary collisional plate opposite to a lower air
flow path located below the center of the jet stream. In this case,
an air flow velocity is increased in the lower portion of the secondary
collisional plate located below the center of the jet stream. Accordingly,
no crushed material is stored within the crushing chamber so that
effects similar to the above-mentioned effects can be obtained.
When the secondary collisional plate is formed in the shape of
a horse shoe, the air flow velocity is greatly increased in the
lower portion of the secondary collisional plate located below the
center of the jet stream so that the above-mentioned effects can
be greatly obtained.
In a crusher in accordance with a second embodiment of the present
invention, a crushing material is supplied from a supplying port
into a crushing chamber. The crushing material collides with an
opposite collisional member in a state in which the crushing material
is included in a jet stream injected from an injecting nozzle. Thus,
the crushing material is crushed by the collisional member. In this
collision, the collisional member is uniformly worn by moving this
collisional member. Accordingly, maximum impact force can be maintained
for a long period so that durability of the crusher is greatly improved.
Many widely different embodiments of the present invention may
be constructed without departing from the spirit and scope of the
present invention. It should be understood that the present invention
is not limited to the specific embodiments described in the specification,
except as defined in the appended claims. |