Abstrict A jaw crusher is equipped for the first time with a horizonal crushing
chamber and, for replacement of gravity for the conveyance of the
material being crushed through the crushing chamber, with an abutment
comprising a chain conveyor. The mechanism for applying the crushing
force on the jaw rocker (10) is selected so that the action is equivalent
to that of a double bell-crank jaw crusher even for hardest material
and in particular for recycling material such as reinforced concrete.
Claims Having thus described the invention and illustrated its use, what
is claimed as new and is desired to be secured by Letters Patent
is:
1. A jaw crusher device adaptable to provide both a vertical and
a horizontal crushing chamber comprising a housing including spaced
pairs of generally vertical side walls, end walls linking said side
walls, a crushing jaw mounted in said housing, pivot means adjacent
an upper end portion of one said pair of said walls supporting said
jaw for movement about a horizontal pivot axis, an anvil detachably
connected to said housing and disposed perpendicular to said side
and end walls, said anvil defining with said crushing jaw a progressively
narrowing crushing chamber, said chamber being generally horizontally
arrayed when said anvil is in a horizontal plane and narrowing in
a downward direction when said housing is bodily rotated 90.degree.
whereby said anvil is generally vertically disposed, transport means
removably mounted over and supported on said anvil in the horizontal
position thereof, said transport means including triangular crushing
strips, drive means for shifting said transport means across the
surface of said anvil in the narrowing direction of said crushing
chamber, jaw drive means for pivoting said crushing jaw toward and
away from said anvil, said side walls including first support surface
means for supporting said housing with said anvil in a horizontal
disposition and second support surface means for supporting said
housing in said bodily rotated position whereby said device is adapted
to provide a horizontal and a vertical crushing chamber selectively
in accordance with which of said first and second support surface
means is disposed in supporting relation of said housing.
2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein said transport
drive means is intermittent and coordinated with said jaw drive
means to render said transport means stationary during movements
of said jaw toward said anvil and to shift said transport means
in said direction during movements of said jaw away from said anvil.
Description The invention relates to a jaw crusher having a crushing jaw pivotably
mounted at one end, a crushing stroke drive acting on the backside
of the crushing jaw away from the crushing chamber, and an anvil
serving as abutment for the pressure-crushing of the material to
be processed by the crushing jaw, which anvil forms with the crushing
jaw a crushing chamber narrowing in material flow direction.
Jaw crushers of this kind are known. They involve sturdy structures
which, in particular when designed as double bell-crank jaw crushers,
are suitable for the processing of even hardest rock. The known
jaw crushers are charged from the top and have a vertical material
flow direction from the top down. The crushing chamber narrows in
wedge form downwardly. The supplied material to be crushed is pressed
through the one, swingingly arranged jaw against the other, fixed
jaw. Through the compressive stress the material is broken up in
several steps and finally falls out of the crushing chamber by gravity.
The known jaw crushers are complicated and expensive to manufacture.
Yet they are not suitable for all types of use. Thus, in particular
they are hardly suitable for the recycling of reinforced concrete
parts. Also they tend to malfunction due to clogging, wedging and
jamming of the material to be broken. Steel parts entrained in the
recycling must often be removed with cutting torches. The clogging
and the manual cleaning out necessitated thereby also increases
the danger of accidents.
Known also are tup crushers where a tup revolving about a horizontal
shaft with beating strips arranged on its circumference is disposed
in the housing over a chain conveyor on which the material to be
broken is supplied to it. Such tup crushers are suitable only for
breaking up at most medium hard rock. If stone of any kind is supplied
to them, including for example reinforced concrete for recycling,
too rapid a wear of the beating tools will occur. With such machines,
therefore, profitable crushing of the whole range of occurring material
is not possible.
It is the object of the invention to improve the known jaw crusher,
while maintaining its advantages with respect to insensitivity,
low wear and workability of even hardest rock, in such a way that
it is usable in many ways also for the recycling and crushing of
reinforced concrete and, when clogged, can be cleared mechanically
instead of manually.
According to the invention, this problem is solved in that
(a) the crushing chamber is disposed horizontally,
(b) the anvil defining the bottom of the crushing chamber consists
of an at least nearly horizontal chain conveyor with breaking strips
extending perpendicular to the transport direction and protruding
into the crushing chamber, which (strips) are solidly supported
as abutment on their underside, and
(c) the crushing jaw defining the top of the crushing chamber is
designed as a rocker whose rocking shaft lies over and, in transport
direction before, the inlet mouth of the crushing chamber.
It is seen that here for the first time the known jaw crusher,
while maintaining its typical pressure-crushing between a movable
crushing jaw and an anvil, is arranged tilted 90.degree. in such
a way that the crushing chamber tapering in material flow direction
lies horizontally. Here gravity can no longer be used to convey
the material through the crushing chamber. Therefore, a chain conveyor
is provided which draws the material on the anvil into the crushing
chamber. The chain conveyor is provided furthermore with crushing
strips which lie perpendicular to the jaw serration and thus lead
to transverse breaking of the lumps of rock and support the crushing
of the material under the action of the movable jaw. Besides, the
crushing strips can easily be exchanged, not only in case of wear,
but also for retooling to a strip form which best corresponds to
the particular material. It is obvious that now, in case of clogging,
the material can be conveyed back in the crushing chamber or even
out of the crushing chamber mechanically by reversal of the conveyor
drive, so that the hitherto frequent malfunctions in jaw crushers
due to clogging, wedging and jamming of the material in the crushing
chamber can be eliminated mechanically in a simple manner. The danger
of accidents is reduced accordingly. The crushing jaw is designed
as a rocker whose rocking shaft lies over and in transport direction
before the inlet mouth of the crushing chamber. This is a compact
design which furthermore in no way impedes the supply of the material
to the crushing chamber. By the mere pressure-crushing of the material
under the action of the jaw rocker, not only the processing of hard
rock, as in conventional jaw crushers, but also the breaking of
reinforced concrete is possible, because iron-reinforced ties and
masts of any length can be supplied and broken, with the iron bars
usually remaining straight, which is important for re-use, and neither
destroying nor clogging the crushing chamber. Naturally also the
discharge of the material from the crushing chamber occurs through
the chain conveyor.
Only for difficult material the chain conveyor is operated intermittently.
In this case it is especially advantageous if the drive of the chain
conveyor and the drive of the jaw rocker are matched so that when
the jaw rocker is activated, the chain conveyor stands still, while
on the other hand the feed stroke of the chain conveyor occurs during
the return stroke of the jaw rocker and the resultant release of
the material by the jaw rocker.
Naturally also in this new jaw crusher it is expediently provided
that the wear parts are exchangeable. Thus, the jaw rocker may consist
of a rocker base element with crushing jaw made exchangeable as
wear part. Also at the anvil wear plates are expediently used which
can be exchanged.
It is of special importance to give the above explained new model
of a jaw crusher suitable for recycling, a drive which as to performance
is equivalent to the double bell-crank drive. According to the invention,
a conventional drive unit with drive motor, eccentric shaft, and
external flywheels is used, which expediently is mounted as a closed
unit on the back of the jaw rocker on the back wall, here lying
at the top, of the housing. A determining factor now is that the
drive of the jaw rocker occurs through a shift lever which at the
top is supported at one end on a cross beam of the housing through
a supporting bearing bushing, is provided at the top at the other
end with a power input bearing bushing for power input from the
connecting rod running on the eccentric shaft and at the bottom
at an intermediate point with a sliding bearing for one end of a
pressure plate, the other end of which acts for transmission of
the crushing stroke on the jaw rocker on the back thereof. The pressure
plate is formed in the usual manner as a safety pressure plate with
a weakening point which constitutes an overload protection.
A great advantage also resides in the fact that the intermediate
point of engagement of the shift lever is formed at one end of the
pressure plate, while the engagement point of the other end of the
pressure plate on the jaw rocker is displaceable parallel to vary
the crushing stroke. For this purpose appropriate guides may be
provided at the shift lever or respectively on the back of the jaw
rocker. This parallel displaceability makes the distance from the
rocking shaft of the jaw rocker and hence the crushing stroke adjustable.
Thus, for material easy to process the throughput can be increased
by a greater crushing stroke, while for difficult and especially
hard material an adaptation to such material can occur by reduction
of the crushing stroke.
Adjustable also is the distance of the intermediate point, i.e.
the point of power input into the pressure plate, from the point
of engagement thereof on the jaw rocker. This can be achieved by
different lengths of the pressure plates. But especially expedient
is the possibility of inserting spacer plates. In this manner the
shift point can be varied and the gap width in the crushing chamber
adjusted.
Expediently, springs operative in the direction of the return stroke
of the jaw rocker and supported on the housing engage at said rocker.
Thereby all parts of the power input are permanently held together
under spring force but need not be coupled mechanically. This simplifies
the design.
The crushing strip chain conveyor is elastically tensioned in transport
direction through one of its guide pulleys. This can take place
through cup spring packets and spindles or hydraulically. It is
thereby ensured that during the crushing stroke the chain conveyor
is not damaged by the strong forces acting on it through the crushing
strips. The chains should expediently run in the anvil in sectional
tracks and hence under protection.
In the drawings the invention is explained with reference to an
embodiment, showing:
FIG. 1 in section, a first embodiment
FIG. 2 a side view of a second embodiment, and
FIGS. 3-5 on a larger scale, details of the mechanism, of its housing
support, and of the chain conveyor tension.
The jaw crusher consists essentially of a jaw rocker 10 and an
anvil 12 constituting the fixed jaw, which consists of a housing
14 of front wall (=anvil 12), back wall 16 (here lying at the top)
and side members 18.
The crushing chamber 20 between jaw rocker 10 and anvil 12 tapers
in transport direction of the chain conveyor 22 from the inlet mouth
24 to the outlet gap. High above the inlet mouth 24 and in transport
direction before it, the rocking shaft 26 lying perpendicular to
the transport direction, of jaw rocker 10 is arranged transversely
of the housing. The rocking shaft suspension of jaw rocker 10 at
housing 14 is a maintenance-free roll-off suspension with limiting
plates. In the region of the rocking shaft 26 that is, above the
inlet mouth 24 moreover the side members 18 are connected by a
cross bracing 28. Starting from the rocking shaft 26 the jaw rocker
10 runs obliquely downward under an angle of about 30.degree. relative
to the horizontal. The rocker base element of jaw rocker 10 consists
of a ribbed steel plate. The actual crushing jaw 30 is exchangeably
clamped on the rocker base element facing the crushing chamber 20.
The side members 18 of housing 14 are further connected in the
space between back wall 16 and the back of jaw rocker 10 by a flat
support plate 32 a supporting bracket 34 of L-shaped cross section,
and by a solid cross beam 36. The support plate 32 and support bracket
34 are disposed so that their support faces are approximately parallel
to jaw rocker 10. They serve to support helical springs 38 at housing
14 which are connected to jaw rocker 10 through tie rods 40. In
this manner the jaw rocker 10 is acted upon by the helical springs
38 through the tie rods 40 in the direction of the back wall 16
in the direction of enlarging the crushing chamber 20. The actual
crushing stroke of the jaw rocker 10 thus occurs counter to the
action of the helical springs 38 while the return stroke is supported
by the helical springs. The helical springs 38 serve to keep all
parts of the drive in permanent contact with one another.
The drive of jaw rocker 10 consists in conventional manner of a
drive motor 42 flywheels 44 disposed outside the side members,
and an eccentric shaft 46. The entire drive unit consisting of these
parts is mounted fixed on the back wall 16 lying at the top, of
the jaw crusher. For assembly or repair, therefore, the complete
drive unit can be installed or handled separately. Connected to
the eccentric shaft 46 is a connecting rod 48 which transforms the
eccentric revolving motion into a reciprocating stroke motion of
a connecting rod 50 parallel to the eccentric shaft 46 (sectioned
in FIG. 1). The eccentric shaft 46 and connecting rod 48 are mounted
in self-aligning rollers.
For the transformation of said reciprocating motion of the connecting
rod 50 into the crushing stroke of the jaw rocker 10 a shift lever
52 is provided, which engages on the pressure side of jaw rocker
10 through a pressure rod 54. The pressure rod 54 or respectively
its line of action, the connecting line of the geometric axes of
the eccentric shaft 46 and of the connecting rod 50 the tie rods
40 as well as the axis of the cross beam 36 of rectangular cross
section are all approximately parallel to each other and perpendicular
to the tangent of jaw rocker 10 on the material being crushed, indicated
in dash-dot lines in the crushing chamber 20.
At its left upper end in FIG. 1 the shift lever 52 is supported
on the housing 14 through a small pressure rod 56 and a fork 58
which supportingly embraces the large side faces of the cross beam
36. To this end the shift lever 52 is provided at its upper left
end with a support bearing bushing 60 which embraces the lower end
of the small pressure rod 56. While little mobility exists here,
it is here that essentially the housing-fixed and stationary support
point of the shift lever 52 is located.
Essentially at the same level above the jaw rocker 10 but at the
farthest cantilevered right upper end of the shift lever 52 the
latter carries a power-input bushing 62 by which it engages the
connecting rod 50 from below. This, therefore, is the point of power
input from the drive unit into the mechanism (FIG. 4).
The shift lever 52 which by the way has the special form shown
in the figure, further comprises, at an intermediate point lying
with respect to the above explained direction of action between
the housing support in the support bearing bushing 60 and the drive
connection in the power input bushing 62 a guide 64 to which there
corresponds a parallel guide 66 on the back of jaw rocker 10. The
mutually parallel guides 64 and 66 of course, lie perpendicular
to the direction of action. The guides 64 and 66 have sliding bearing
bushings 68 69 provided in them, in which the pressure rod 54 is
adjusted. The pressure rod 54 as overload protection is provided
with a weak point in the manner shown. By displacing the sliding
bearing bushings 68 69 along the guides 64 and 66 the lever arm
and hence the crushing stroke can be adjusted. In addition, by the
length of the safety pressure rod 54 but expediently by spacer
plates 67 inserted under the sliding bearing bushings 69 (FIG. 3),
also the deflection point and hence the gap width at the crushing
chamber 20 can be varied in a simple manner.
The sliding bearings at the support bearing bushing 60 at the
power-input bushing 62 and at the sliding bearing bushings 68 69
respectively, require no maintenance. All parts are, moreover, clamped
in the above explained manner by the tie bars formed by the helical
spring 38 and the tie rods 40 engaging at the jaw rocker 10. Obviously
the shift lever system with the preassembled bearing bushings can
be installed as a unit as well.
The infrastructure of the jaw crusher (corresponding to the end
wall in the conventional model) has as resistance plate the anvil
12. The latter is constructed in an adequately sturdy design, as
can be seen in the figure. On its top side the anvil 12 is covered
with wear plates and comprises furthermore sectional tracks 70 lying
in transport direction of the chain conveyor 22 in which (tracks)
the actual chains of the chain conveyor are guided under protection.
Forming part of the anvil 12 are also the crushing strips 72 which
in each instance are connected at one end to one of the two chaings
of the chain conveyor 22. The crushing strips 72 are shown in FIG.
1 with a cross section in the form of an equilateral triangle. But
it is obvious that the cross-sectional form of the crushing strips
can be adapted to the material being crushed. The same applies to
the number of crushing strips 72 connected to the chains. The crushing
strips 72 are connected to the chain conveyor 22 easily exchangeable
in the usual manner and there may be any desired number of them.
Preceding the inlet mouth 24 of the jaw crusher is a charging basin
74 of appropriate length, of which FIG. 2 shows only the crusher
mouth-side end. Obviously the crushing strip chain conveyor 22 extends
over the full length of the charging basin 74 and serves therein
as a kind of scraper bottom for feeding material to the jaw crusher.
Further it is important that the chain conveyor extends not only
up to the end of the jaw rocker 10 farthest away from the rocking
shaft 26. For in view of the horizontal arrangement of the crushing
chamber 20 the crushing strip chain conveyor 22 must evacuate the
material also from the crushing chamber 20 to the left and carry
it away to a discharge. For this reason the chain conveyor 22 extends
in transport direction beyond the crushing chamber 20 up to its
discharge end 76 as can be seen in FIG. 2.
The two lateral chains of the chain conveyor 22 are passed at both
ends over guide pulleys 75. The guide pulleys 75 consist of a drum
with sprocket wheels provided at both drum ends over which the chains
are passed. These sprocket wheels are expediently moved into the
side members.
FIGS. 2 and 5 show that the guide pulley 75 is movable at the discharge
end 76 in transport direction, that is, in horizontal direction,
and is under elastic tension. For the discharge of material at the
discharge end 76 this is no obstacle because the respective horizontally
movable sliding bearings 78 and the respective spring packets 80
can also be accommodated in the side members. The spring packet
80 may be a cup spring packet. Instead, of course, hydraulic tension
is possible also. What matters is that due to the elasticity on
the one hand the chain conveyor 22 is always kept tensioned, but
can, on the other hand, yield under the action of the crushing stroke
via the material being crushed and the crushing strips 72 on the
chain conveyor 22 if necessary, so that it always remains undamaged
and operational.
The drive of chain conveyor 22 is not shown in the figure. In fact,
for reasons of space it is expediently arranged at the other end
of the charging basin so as to engage at the guide pulley located
there. The drive of chain conveyor 22 is expediently intermittent,
step by step. An especially appropriate procedure is to let the
chain conveyor 22 stand still when the jaw rocker 10 exerts the
crushing force on the material present in the crushing chamber 20
which force must be absorbed by the anvil 12 and in so doing of
course acts also on the crushing strips 72 connected with the chain
conveyor. On the other hand, when the jaw rocker 10 lifts off the
material during the return stroke, new material can be fed into
the crushing chamber 20 again by the chain conveyor 22.
Of special importance is also the fact that, due to the chosen
design of the jaw crusher with horizontal crushing chamber, the
material can be transported back again out of the crushing chamber
20 into the charging basin 74 counter to the transport direction.
All that this requires is to reverse the electric motor provided
for the chain conveyor drive. Clogging, wedging and jamming of the
material in the crushing chamber 20 can thus be cleared up mechanically.
Instead of the drive of the chain conveyor by electric motor, it
can of course be given a hydrostatic or hydrodynamic drive. Clutches
and transmissions are provided as needed.
The end wall forming the anvil 12 is detachably connected with
the housing 14 and can be exchanged, if needed, for the usual fixed
crushing jaw. With appropriate layout of the housing 14 therefore,
both a conventional jaw crusher with vertical crushing chamber and
the jaw crusher according to the invention with horizontal crushing
chamber can be realized with one and the same design. |