Abstrict A cone crusher includes outer and inner cones (2 3) with a discharge
slot (5) between them, a shaft (7) of the inner cone (3), a means
for adjusting the size of the discharge slot (5) and a means for
imparting gyrations to the inner cone (3). The means for adjusting
the size of the discharge slot (5) is a reciprocation mechanism
(12) and the means for imparting gyrations to the inner cone is
an unbalanced vibrator (17).
Claims We claim:
1. A cone crusher comprising a housing (1); hollow outer cone (2)
fixed in said housing (1); an inner cone (3) accommodated within
said hollow outer cone (2) and defining a discharge slot (5) therebetween,
mounted for rotation about its axis and gyrations about a center
(11) belonging to the axis of said outer cone (2); a shaft (7) extending
coaxially with said inner cone (3) and fixed therewith; means for
adjusting the size of the said discharge slot (5), including a mechanism
(12) for reciprocating said shaft (7) axially of said outer cone
(2), having a power member (13) operatively connected with a free
end of said shaft (7) of said inner cone (3) through a self-aligning
spherical joint (14), and means for imparting gyrations to said
inner cone (3), mounted on said shaft (7) for sliding therealong
and rotating thereabout, operatively connected with a drive through
a bevel gear couple (18 19) of which a drive gear (19) is arranged
concentrically with the line of travel of said power member (13)
of said reciprocation mechanism (12) and has a central bore (21)
whose diameter exceeds the diameter of said shaft (7) of said inner
cone (3), said means for imparting gyrations to said inner cone
(3) being an unbalanced vibrator (17) having a spherical bearing
surface (23), said central bore (21) of said driven gear (19) having
thereabout a peripheral supporting spherical edge adapted for operative
interaction with said spherical bearing surface (23) of said unbalanced
vibrator (17) to define therewith a self-aligning spherical joint,
an end face of said driven gear (19) carrying a driver (25) adapted
to engage said unbalanced vibrator (17) for transmitting the driving
torque thereto.
2. A cone crusher as claimed in claim 1 wherein the center of
the sphere defining the spherical joint between said unbalanced
vibrator (17) and said drive gear (19) coincides with the center
(11) of gyrations of said inner cone (3).
3. A cone crusher as claimed in claim 1 wherein said driven gear
(19), on the side of its casing diametrically opposite to said driver
(25), is provided with an amplitude arrester of said inner cone
(3) made as a rim (26).
Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to devices for crushing materials
within a wide range of hardness and, more particularly, relates
to gyratory or cone crushers.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Among the main operational characteristics of crushers is the fineness
or coarseness of the crushing they perform and the feasibility of
adjusting them up to a required particle size of crushed product.
Highly desirable is stepping up the degree of automation of crushers,
e.g. providing for their continuous performance with a stable throughput
and product size. Stability of these characteristics of cone crushers
is predominantly dependent on the stability of the size of the discharge
opening or slot between the inner and outer cones, which is prone
to significant variations, e.g. due to wearing out of the armored
working surfaces of the cones. To maintain a desired size of the
discharge opening, cone crushers are equipped, as a rule, with means
for controlling the size of this discharge opening.
The feasibility of adjusting a cone crusher to a required product
size is dependent on the design of the means imparting gyratory
motion to the inner cone.
There is known a cone crusher (A. S. Donchenko et al., Spravochnik
mekhanika rudoobogatitelnoi fabriki, 1975 Nedra Moscow, p.50) which
includes a housing, an outer hollow cone attached to the housing
by a threaded joint, an inner cone received within the hollow outer
cone with a discharge slot defined therebetween, mounted for rotation
about its axis and gyrations about a center belonging to the axis
of the outer cone, a shaft extending coaxially with the inner cone
and fast therewith, and means for imparting gyrations to the inner
cone, mounted on the shaft for rotation thereabout and operatively
connected with a drive through a bevel gear couple. The means for
adjusting the size of the discharge slot in this cone crusher is
the threaded joint of the outer cone with the housing, and the adjustment
of the size of the slot is carried out by vertically displacing
the outer cone relatively to the inner one by rotating the former
in its threaded joint. However, this operation can be performed
only with the crushing space having been emptied of the material
being crushed, i.e. with the crushing operation discontinued, which
adversely affects the throughput of the crusher.
The means for imparting gyrations to the inner cone in this known
crusher includes a driven eccentric weight providing for a specific
predetermined angle of nutation of gyrations of the inner cone,
dependent on the degree of eccentricity of the eccentric weight,
which, in its turn, defines the degree of compression of the material
in the crushing space between the cones, and, hence, defined the
actual degree of disintegration or crushing which in most cases
is within 1:5.
When the degree of disintegration or crushing is to be varied,
i.e. when the crusher is to be adjusted for a required product size,
the driven eccentric weight in the crusher being described has to
be replaced with another weight of a different eccentricity; in
most cases the higher degree of crushing is paid for in terms of
a lower throughput.
A variation of the degree of crushing, i.e. adjustment of a crusher
to a required product size within a relatively wide range is possible
in a crusher where the means for imparting gyrations to the inner
cone includes an unbalanced vibrator mounted on the shaft of the
inner cone with the aid of a sliding-contact bearing and operatively
connected with the driven gear of the bevel gear couple through
a flexible shaft, e.g. a universal-joint shaft extending coaxially
with the outer cone (U.S. Pat. No. 4073446).
The provision in the crusher of the unbalanced vibrator permits
replacement of the stable operative connections between the cones,
characteristic of crushers with driven eccentric weights, by dynamic
connections. This, in its turn, provides for the inner cone rolling
directly along the outer cone in engagement therewith when no material
is present therebetween. This kind of interaction of the cones provides
for disintegrating a material in a thick layer, with the degree
of crushing being as high as 1:20 and with the material being bulk-fed
into the crusher directly from a feed hopper.
Furthermore, the unbalanced vibrator can be designed to feature
a variable static moment, which provides for easily varying the
degree of the crushing of a product, e.g. within a range from 1:4
to 1:20 without affecting the throughput of the crusher. A variation
of the static moment of the unbalanced vibrator would vary the centrifugal
force developed by the vibrator and, consequently, the crushing
effort, which would vary the degree of deformation of the material,
and ultimately the product size.
However, the means for adjusting the size of the discharge slot
in the cone crusher being described is similar to its counterpart
in the previously described cone crusher in that it also requires
an interruption of the crushing operating and emptying of the crushing
space for carrying out an adjustment of the discharge slot.
Finally, there is known a cone crusher comprising a housing, an
outer hollow cone fixedly mounted in this housing, an inner cone
received within the hollow outer cone with a discharge slot defined
therebetween, mounted for rotation about its axis and for gyrations
relative to a centre belonging to the axis of the outer cone, a
shaft extending coaxially with the inner cone and fast therewith,
means for adjusting the size of the discharge slot including a mechanism
for axial reciprocation of the shaft, having its power member operatively
connected with the free end of the shaft through a self-aligning
spherical joint, and means for imparting gyrations to the inner
cone, mounted on the shaft for sliding therealong and rotating thereabout,
connected with a drive through a bevel gear couple of which the
driven gear is arranged concentrically with the line of the motion
of the actuating member of the reciprocation mechanism, the central
bore of the driven gear being in excess of the diameter of the shaft
(KRUPP, "Kubria-Kegelbrecher").
The means for imparting gyrations to the inner cone in this known
crusher includes an eccentric bushing-mounted on the shaft of the
inner cone with the aid of a sliding-contact bearing and fastened
by its bottom end to the driven gear of the bevel gear couple. The
means for adjusting the size of the discharge slot in the crusher,
unlike the previously described crushers, is in the form of a reciprocation
mechanism, i.e. of a hydraulic power cylinder of which the power
member is operable for reciprocating the shaft of the inner cone
and, hence, the inner cone itself with respect to the outer cone
fixed in the housing, which varies the size of the discharge slot
of the crusher. This adjustment does not necessitate the emptying
of the crushing space between the cones of the material being handled,
thus enhancing the conditions for controlling the process performed
by the crusher with a relatively simple design of the latter. There
is also a possibility for automating the operation of adjusting
the size of the discharge slot by relatively simple means. However,
this last-described crusher is not free from the drawbacks mentioned
hereinabove in the description of the crusher with a driven eccentric
weight.
It should be pointed out that the central arrangement of the hydraulic
power cylinder axially of the outer cone precludes the incorporation
in the last-described crusher of an unbalanced vibrator as the means
for imparting gyrations to the inner cone, including in its drive
the centrally arranged flexible driving shaft.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a cone crusher
where a means for imparting gyrations to the inner cone is a known
unbalanced vibrator operatively connected to a drive of the crusher
through connecting members providing for employing a mechanism for
reciprocating the shaft of the inner cone along the axis of the
outer cone as a means for adjusting the size of the discharge slot.
This object is attained by a cone crusher comprising a housing,
a hollow outer cone fixed in the housing, an inner cone accommodated
within the hollow outer cone with a discharge slot defined therebetween,
the inner cone being mounted for rotation about its axis and for
gyrations relative to a center belonging to the axis of the outer
cone, and a shaft extending coaxially with the inner cone and fast
therewith. Means are provided for adjusting the size of the discharge
slot, including a mechanism for reciprocating axially said shaft,
operatively connected by its power member with the free end of said
shaft of the inner cone through a self-aligning spherical joint.
Means are provided for imparting gyrations to the inner cone mounted
on said shaft thereof for sliding therealong and rotating thereabout,
operatively connected with a drive through a bevel gear couple of
which the driven gear is mounted concentrically with the line of
the motion of the power member of the reciprocation mechanism and
has a central bore of a diameter in excess of the diameter of said
shaft of the inner cone. In the cone crusher in accordance with
the present invention the means for imparting gyrations to the inner
cone includes an unbalanced vibrator having a spherical bearing
surface, the central bore of the driven gear having thereabout a
peripheral supporting spherical edge, adapted for operative interaction
with the spherical bearing surface of the unbalanced vibrator to
define therewith a self-aligning spherical joint, the end face of
the driven gear carrying a driver adapted to engage the unbalanced
vibrator for transmitting the driving torque thereto.
To enhance the performance reliability of the cone crusher, it
is expedient that the center of the sphere defining the spherical
joint of the unbalanced vibrator and the driven gear should coincide
with the center of gyrations of the inner cone.
A cone crusher constructed in accordance with the present invention
provides for dependable stabilization of a required adjusted size
of the discharge slot and its adjustment both in automated and manual
modes, permitting easy adjustment of the crusher to a required product
size within a broad range of sizes without impairing the throughput,
in a design both simple and reliable in operation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The present invention will be further described in connection with
a presently preferred embodiment, with reference being made to the
accompanying schematic drawing showing a sectional view of a cone
crusher, in accordance with the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the drawing, the cone crusher comprises a housing 1 a hollow
outer cone 2 fast with the housing 1 an inner cone 3 accommodated
within the hollow outer cone 2 and defining therewith a crushing
space 4 and a discharge opening or slot 5 between the working surfaces
of the cones 2 and 3 lined with an armor lining 6. The inner cone
3 is mounted on a shaft 7 extending coaxially with the inner cone
3 and fastened thereto. The projecting upper end of the shaft 7
is received in a guide bushing 8 defining a spherical joint 9 supported
by the crosspiece 10 of the outer cone 2 so that the inner cone
3 is capable of rotation about its axis of symmetry and of gyrations
about a center 11 which is the center of the spherical joint 9
belonging to the axis of the outer cone 2 and being situated substantially
at the middle of the vertical dimension of the bushing 8. The cone
crusher constructed in accordance with the present invention further
comprises means for adjusting the size of the discharge slot 5
including a mechanism 12 for axial reciprocation of the shaft 7
the power member 13 of the mechanism 12 being operatively connected
with the free bottom end of the shaft 7 through a self-centering
spherical joint 14. The mechanism 12 for reciprocating the shaft
7 in the presently described embodiment includes a hydraulic power
cylinder or jack mounted in a throat portion 15 of the housing 1
and having a connection 16 for supplying the working fluid into
the working space of the hydraulic cylinder. The cone crusher still
further comprises means for imparting gyrations to the inner cone
3 including an unbalanced vibrator 17 operatively connected with
the drive (not shown) of the crusher through a bevel gear couple
18 19 of which the driving gear 18 is coupled to the drive shaft
and the driven gear 19 is journaled for rotation about the throat
portion 15 of the housing 1 with the aid of a bearing 20 coaxially
with the hydraulic cylinder of the reciprocation mechanism 12. The
driven gear 19 has a central bore 21 of which the diameter exceeds
the outer diameter of the shaft 7 to account for its displacement
caused by gyrations of the inner cone 3. The unbalanced vibrator
17 is mounted on the shaft 7 with the aid of a cylindrical sliding-contact
bearing 22 and has a variable static moment. It includes three unbalanced
weights "a", "b" and "c" of which
the weights "a" and "c" are mounted fixedly,
while the weight "b" is rotatably adjustable with respect
to the weights "a" and "c". The bottom end surface
23 of the cylindrical bearing 22 has a spherical shape, matching
the spherical peripheral top edge 24 of the central bore 21 of the
driven gear 19 so that the two spherical surfaces 23 and 24 define
together a self-aligning spherical joint supporting the unbalanced
vibrator 17. The center of the sphere defining the spherical surfaces
23 24 making up this joint coincides with the center 11 of gyrations
of the inner cone 3. The top face of the driven gear 19 carries
a driver 25 adapted to engage the unbalanced vibrator 17 for transmitting
the driving torque to it. The driver 25 also serves as a counterweight
adapted to counterbalance the centrifugal force developed by the
unbalanced vibrator 17 and by the gyrating inner cone 3. The top
face of the driven gear 19 further has a rim 26 serving to limit
the amplitude of gyrations of the inner cone 3.
The cone crusher embodying the present invention operates, as follows.
The drive transmits the driving torque through the bevel gear couple
18 19 and driver 25 to the unbalanced vibrator 17 which starts
revolving on the bearing 22 about the shaft 7. The rotation of the
unbalanced vibrator generates a centrifugal force transmitted via
the shaft 7 to the inner cone 3 driving the latter through successive
gyrations about the center 11 belonging to the axis of the outer
cone 2. A material to be crushed is bulk-fed into the crushing space
4 directly from a feed hopper (not shown). The gyrations of the
inner cone 3 develop the process of crushing the material between
the cones 2 and 3 in a thick layer. The level of the crushing effort
applied to the material layer is adjusted by setting a required
static moment of the unbalanced vibrator 17 by rotating the adjustable
unbalanced weight "b" with respect to the fixed unbalanced
weights "a" and "c" and fixing it in an adjusted
position. In this manner the crusher being described is set for
handling a material of any strength or hardness to a required product
size, within a range of variation of the crushing degree or ratio
from 1:4 to 1:20. The required size of the discharge slot 5 is set
by adjusting vertically the inner cone 3 by operating the reciprocation
mechanism 12. When being thus lifted or lowered, the shaft 7 moves
substantially vertically inside the sliding-contact bearing 22 of
the unbalanced vibrator 17. The latter, jointly with the shaft 7
gyrates on its supporting self-aligning spherical joint without
destroying it, as the center of the sphere of the joint coincides
with the center of gyrations of the inner cone 3. As the inner cone
3 in its gyrations also generates a centrifugal force, the sum of
the centrifugal forces developed by the unbalanced vibrator 17 and
the inner cone 3 would be constant with a predetermined set size
of the discharge slot. Thus, a required throughput can be preset
by selecting the required crushing effort by means of adjusting
the static moment of the unbalanced vibrator 17 and setting the
required size of the discharge slot 5. With no material to be crushed
present between the cones 2 and 3 the inner cone 3 would roll in
direct engagement with the outer cone 2 if the size of the discharge
slot 5 is set below a permissible value. On the other hand, if the
size of the discharge slot 5 exceeds a permissible value on account
of the wear of the armor lining 6 of the cones 2 and 3 the unbalanced
vibrator 17 would abut against the rim 26 of the driven gear 19
the centrifugal force developed by the driver 25 (with appropriate
selection of its mass and angular position) counterbalancing the
total centrifugal force generated by the unbalanced vibrator 17
and the inner cone 3.
It should be pointed out that the design of a cone crusher constructed
in accordance with the invention provides for maintaining a preset
size of the discharge slot 5 throughout the working duty of the
crusher without interrupting its operation.
The invention can be utilized in ore treatment plants of concentrating
mills in ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy. |