Abstrict A crusher is disclosed, which comprises a stationary blade and
a movable blade, the movable blade being capable of being rotated
by a driver, e.g., an oil hydraulic cylinder, toward the stationary
blade to clamp an object to be crushed between the stationary and
movable blades and crush the object. The movable blade has tip projections
projecting outwardly so that an object projecting from a road or
ground surface can be clamped at its stem between the tip projections
of the movable blade and the tip of the stationary blade. The object
thus can be crushed from the stem. The stationary blade has a hollow
frame to reduce the weight of the crusher.
Claims I claim:
1. A crusher, comprising:
a stationary blade and a movable blade each having a first end
and a second end, said second end of said movable blade being curved
toward said second end of said stationary blade and said second
end of said stationary blade being curved toward said second end
of said movable blade, said stationary and movable blades being
unsymetrical in shape and joined at an axis near said first ends,
only said movable blade being pivotable about said axis, each of
said stationary blade and said movable blade having an operative
surface thereon, said operative surfaces facing each other, only
said movable blade being capable of being rotated by a driver about
said axis toward said stationary blade to clamp an object to be
crushed between said operative surfaces of said stationary blade
and said movable blade and crush the object by directing a force
from the second end of the movable blade toward the operative surface
of the stationary blade, said operative surface of said movable
blade having a first width and said operative surface of said stationary
blade having a second width greater than said first width;
side projections provided on said operative surface of said movable
blade, said side projections being arranged in rows extending along
opposite sides of said operative surface of said movable blade and
each having a sharp end thereon;
forward and rearward central projections provided on said operative
surface of said movable blade, said central projections being arranged
in a row and extending in forward and rearward directions on said
operative surface of said movable blade between said rows of side
projections, each of said central projections having a thickness
which decreases from a central portion of the central projection
to an edge portion thereof;
said forward central projection having a diameter greater than
the diameter of said rearward central projection, thereby projecting
further towards said stationary blade than both said rearward central
projection and said side projections;
a first shearing blade and a second shearing blade provided on
said stationary and movable blades, respectively;
a plurality of finger like tips located at the second end of said
movable blade, and a plurality of open-ended slots located at the
second end of said stationary blade, a length of said movable blade
being equal to a length of said stationary blade such that said
slots on the stationary blade are positioned so as to receive said
tips of said movable blade, said tips of said movable blade substantially
engaging the slots of said stationary blade in an interleaving manner
when said movable blade is rotated about said axis toward said stationary
blade, thereby permitting the operative surfaces of said stationary
and said movable blade to move toward contact with one another;
and
said stationary blade including a pawl and a hollow frame, said
pawl including a plurality of upper and lower tines with a receiving
area between said upper and lower tines, a space being defined between
each adjacent tine of said plurality of upper tines, said hollow
frame including an upper plate and a lower plate with a recess therebetween
receiving reinforcing plates, said frame fitting into said receiving
area of said pawl with said upper tines being secured to said upper
plate and said lower tine being secured to said lower plate, said
upper plate closing the spaces between the upper tines.
2. A crusher comprising:
a stationary blade and a movable blade, each having an interior
end and exterior end with an operative surface therebetween, the
interior ends being connected at an axis about which pivots only
said movable blade to move the operative surfaces of said stationary
and movable blades into contact with each other, said stationary
and movable blades having equal lengths and unsymmetrical shapes
with the exterior end of the movable blade being curved to extend
toward the exterior end of the stationary blade to direct a force
from the exterior end of the movable blade toward the operative
surface of the stationary blade;
said stationary and movable blades each having a plurality of finger
like tips extending from the exterior end of each of said blades
with a slot defined between adjacent tips, each of said slots having
an open end, a closed end, and two side walls bounded by adjacent
tips, the tips of one blade being receivd in an interleaving manner
with the slots of the other blade;
said stationary blade including a pawl and a hollow frame, said
pawl including a plurality of upper and lower tines with a receiving
area between said upper and lower tines, a space being defined between
each adjacent tine of said plurality of upper tines, said hollow
frame including an upper plate and a lower plate with a recess therebetween
receiving reinforcing plates, said frame fitting into said receiving
area of said pawl with said upper tines being secured to said upper
plate and said lower tines being secured to said lower plate, said
upper plate closing the spaces between the upper tines.
Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a crusher for dismantling reinforced
concrete buildings, crushing concrete blocks, separating reinforcing
iron bars therefrom and separating or crushing concrete or asphalt
road pavements.
PRIOR ART
A crusher of this type has been developed by the applicant. This
crusher has been filed as Japanese Patent Application No. 06273/1983.
FIGS. 10 and 12 show the crusher, which has stationary and movable
blades A and B. Movable blade B can be rotated about shaft P in
the directions of arrow a-b by oil hydraulic cylinder C as shown
in FIG. 11. The inner surface of movable blade B has projections
D as shown in FIG. 10. Stationary and movable blades A and B have
respective shearing blades E and F for cutting reinforcing iron
bars. This crusher is mounted on a shovel loader L as shown in FIG.
12. Object I such as concrete wall, floor, ceiling, pillar, etc.
is clamped between stationary and movable blades A and B by operating
cylinders M, N and O of shovel loader L and cylinder C of the crusher.
The movable blade B is rotated in the direction of arrow a by operating
hydraulic cylinder C for crushing object I between blades A and
B. At this time, projections D help crushing object I. Reinforcing
iron bars in concrete are clamped between and cut by shearing blades
E and F.
PROBLEMS IN THE PRIOR ART
With the crusher shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 when movable blade B
is closed as shown in FIG. 11 its tip meets a position of stationary
blade A inwardly of tip H thereof. Where object I to be crushed
projects from road or ground surface J as shown in FIG. 12 therefore,
tip B of movable blade G will not touch road or ground surface J
when movable blade B is closed with tip H of stationary blade A
held in contact with surface J. Therefore, stem K of object I can
not be clamped between blade tips H and G, so that it will remain
without being crushed.
In addition, stationary blade A is made of a pure and heavy material,
so that it is heavy and inconvenient to handle and transport as
well as leading to high cost.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
A primary object of the invention is to provide a crusher, which
can be handled in the same way as the prior art crusher and nevertheless
permits crushing of object I projecting from road or ground surface
J from stem K thereof.
A second object of the invention is to provide a crusher, which
is light in weight and convenient to handle or transport.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The crusher according to the present invention is of an attachment
type to be mounted for use on an oil hydraulic shovel loader, or
the like.
The crusher according to the invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 to
9 comprises stationary blade 1 and movable blade 2 facing each
other, with movable blade 2 being rotatable in the directions of
arrows a-b in FIG. 2 by a driver, e.g., an oil hydraulic cylinder,
to clamp object I to be crushed between stationary and movable blades
1 and 2 and crush the object.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3 the operative surface 3 of the movable
blade 2 is provided with side projections 4a-4c and central projections
5a and 5b. These projections are urged against the concrete block
to form cracks in the concrete block which eventually break the
block.
The crusher according to the invention can finely break the concrete
block into fine or small pieces ranging from several cm to several
tens of cm. In the case of reinforced concrete, it is possible to
crush the block, separate the crushed concrete pieces and reinforcing
iron bars and collect them separately.
Further, the tips 7 and 8 of the movable and stationary blades
2 and 1 may engage each other to clamp and sever the stem K of an
object I projecting from the road or ground surface J or separate
the concrete or asphalt on the road surface.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view showing a crusher according to the invention when
it is in use;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the crusher according to the
invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a movable blade of the crusher;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view, to an enlarged scale, showing a projection
provided on the movable blade;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a stationary blade of the
crusher;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view showing a tip portion
of the stationary blade;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary exploded perspective veiw showing the stationary
blade before being assembled;
FIG. 8 is a side view showing the crusher according to the invention
with the movable blade rotated toward the stationary blade;
FIG. 9 is a side view showing the crusher according to the invention
with the movable blade rotated into contact with the stationary
blade;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a prior art crusher;
FIG. 11 is a side view showing the prior art crusher with a movable
blade rotated into contact with a stationary blade;
FIG. 12 is a view showing the prior art crusher when it is in use;
FIG. 13 is a view showing a crusher according to the invention
when it is in use;
FIG. 14 is an amplified side view of FIG. 9 with portions cut away
to illustrate the engagement of the operative surfaces and tips
and slots of the blades; and
FIG. 15 is a front view of the crusher of FIG. 14 illustrating
the interleaving of the tips and slots of the blades in the crushing
position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIGS. 1 to 9 illustrate an embodiment of the crusher according
to the invention.
Referring to these Figures, there is shown a crusher which comprises
stationary blade 1 and movable blade 2. Stationary blade 1 is welded
to housing 9. Movable blade 2 is rotatably mounted by shaft 10 in
housing 9 as shown in FIG. 2. It can be rotated in the directions
of arrows in FIG. 1 by driver 6 e.g., an oil hydraulic cylinder,
shown in FIG. 1.
Stationary blade 1 has stem 12 welded as shown at 13 in FIG. 6
to support frame 11 shown in FIG. 7.
Support frame 11 as shown in FIG. 7 has upper and lower plates
14 and 15 welded to rod 16. Reinforcing members are provided between
and welded to upper and lower plates 14 and 15. Support frame 11
thus is hollow. Its opposite sides are covered by side plates 8
as shown in FIG. 18 which are welded.
Stem 12 has four pawl-like member or tines 19 welded to coupling
member 20. A space exists between each tine 19. These pawl-like
members or tines 19 have the same shape to define upper and lower
tines 19 with a receiving area 12a therebetween, i.e., a V-like
shape. They have an indented top portion 21. Of the four pawl-like
members 19 the intermediate two each have a projection 22 as shown
in FIG. 7.
Since the stationary blade includes a hollow frame, the stationary
blade is light in weight and facilitates transportation of the crusher.
Moreover, since the stationary blade is light, the crusher can be
driven by a low horsepower hydraulic cylinder to reduce the overall
cost of the crusher.
The hollow frame of the stationary blade does not compromise the
strength of the stationary blade. In particular, the reinforcing
plate 17 and side plates 18 between the upper plate 14 and lower
plate 15 are welded to construct a high strength hollow frame. The
assembly of the stationary blade is also simplified since the frame
11 fits in a receiving area 12a defined between the upper and lower
tines 19 of the pawl 12 and is welded such that the upper tines
are secured to the upper plate 14 and the lower tines are secured
to the lower plate 15. This two-piece construction of the stationary
blade (i.e., the pawl 12 and frame 11) prevents gaps or openings
between the tines of the pawl 12 since the upper plate 14 of the
frame closes the space between the tines. Concrete blocks are crushed
more finely between the movable blade 2 and the upper plate 14 of
the stationary blade 1 of the present invention as compared to the
stationary blade A of the device of FIGS. 10-12 since the known
device includes openings Q' through which concrete fragments may
drop. Thus, the device of FIGS. 10-12 cannot crush a block into
fragments smaller than the openings Q' in the stationary blade A,
while the inventive crusher breaks the blocks into small fragments
since the upper surface of the stationary blade does not include
openings between the tines. In addition, the crushing force is greater
in the inventive crusher since the crushing force is not dissipated
by forcing crushed material through the openings Q' in the stationary
blade A of FIGS. 10-12.
It also is noted that the crushed material of the device in FIGS.
10-12 is forced through the openings in the stationary blade which
produces wear on the stationary blade and requires an additional
tool to collect the dropped fragments. If the stationary blade of
the device in FIGS. 10-12 becomes very worn, the entire stationary
blade must be replaced. The inventive crusher obviates these disadvantages
since no openings exist between the tines of the stationary blade.
Accordingly, wear is reduced and an additional tool is unnecessary
because the fragments can be transported by the upper plate of the
stationary blade of the inventive crusher. Moreover, if the pawl
12 of the stationary blade of the inventive crusher becomes worn,
only the pawl 12 need to be replaced, rather than the entire stationary
blade.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 stationary blade 2 has tip spaces 23
defined between the tips of adjacent pawl-like members 19. It also
has projective-receiving spaces 24.
In FIGS. 2 and 3 designated at 4a-4c are side projections, and
at 5a and 5b are central projections.
The side projections 4a-4c are arranged in two rows extending along
the opposite sides 3a and 3b of the operative surface 3 of the movable
blade 2. The side projections 4a-4c have pointed ends. Also, of
the side projections, the rearward ones are smaller in size.
The central projections 5a and 5b are arranged on the operative
surface 3 of the movable blade 2. These projections are provided
between the two rows of side projections 4a-4c. The central projections
5a and 5b have a semi-circular disk-like structure, as shown in
FIGS. 3 and 4 with the thickness becoming smaller from the central
portion 28 toward the edge 29. The central projections 5a and 5b
may have any other shape as well. For example, it is possible to
provide central projections which each have a disk-like structure
consisting of two central projections 5 shown in FIG. 4 joined
together or a structure corresponding to one half the central projection
5 shown in FIG. 4.
The forward central projection 5a has a greater outer diameter
than and projects to a greater extend toward the stationary blade
1 than the central projection 5b. Further, the central projection
5a projects to a greater extent toward the stationary blade 1 than
the side projections 4a-4c.
The operative surface 3 of the movable blade 2 has a width sufficient
to provide the side projections 4a-4c and central projections 5a
and 5b. The operative surface 40 of the stationary blade 1 has a
width which is somewhat greater than the width of the operative
surface 3 of the movable blade 2.
Reference numeral 30 in FIG. 8 shows an object retaining space
formed in the movable blade 2. Reference numeral 25 shown in FIG.
2 designates a shearing blade formed on the stationary blade 1
and numeral 31 represents a shearing blade formed on the movable
blade 2. When the movable blade 2 is rotated toward the stationary
blade 1 the outer surface of the shearing blade 31 is brought into
contact with the inner surface of the shearing blade 25 of the stationary
blade 1 to shear iron bars or the like. The shearing blades 25 and
31 as shown in FIG. 2 are formed on the left side of the movable
and stationary blades 1 and 2 so that they can be easily seen from
the operator's seat of the shovel loader L when the crusher is mounted
on the oil hydraulic shovel loader as shown in FIG. 1.
MODE OF USE
The crusher according to the invention is used in the following
way. The mounting member 32 of the crusher is mounted on the oil
hydraulic shovel loader L, as shown in FIG. 1. In this state, the
oil hydraulic cylinders M, N and O of the oil hydraulic shovel loader
L are operated to vary the orientation and level of the stationary
and movable blades 1 and 2 so as to clamp an object to be crushed.
Next, the movable blade 2 is rotated by the driver 6 to clamp a
concrete block, or the like, which may be produced when demolishing
a building, between the wide operative surfaces 40 and 3 of the
stationary and movable blades 1 and 2 and crush the object between
the surfaces 3 and 40. In this case, since the movable blade 2 has
the central projections 5a and 5b and the forward central projection
5a projects to a greater extent toward the stationary blade 1 than
the rearward central projection 5b and side projections 4a-4c, the
concrete block clamped between the operative surfaces 3 and 40 is
first urged by the forward central projection 5a , whereby cracks
are formed in the block. When the movable blade 2 is further rotated
from this state toward the stationary blade 1 the concrete block
is split at a portion where the crack is formed. When the movable
blade 2 is further rotated toward the stationary blade 1 the rearward
central projection 5b and side projection 4a-4c are urged against
the concrete block, and the cracked blocks (i.e., coarse blocks)
are further broken. When the movable blade 2 is further rotated
from this state toward the stationary blade 1 the operative surface
3 of the movable blade 2 strikes the concrete block. The block is
thus crushed between the operative surfaces 3 and 40 into small
pieces of sizes ranging on the order of from several cm to several
tens of cm.
Thus, the crusher according to the invention can crush an object
stepwise (i.e., first into coarse cracked blocks and then into small
pieces). Further, when an iron bar projects from the concrete block
to be crushed, it is clamped and severed between the shearing blades
25 and 31 of the stationary and movable blades 1 and 2. When the
movable blade 2 is closed with the stationary blade 1 in contact
with the ground surface J as shown in FIG. 1 the stem K of the
object I projecting upwards from the ground surface J is clamped
and crushed between the tips 7 and 8 of the two blades 1 and 2.
It is possible to clamp an elongated block or like object Q between
the stationary blade 1 and object retaining space 30 of the movable
blade 2 as shown by the imaginary lines in FIG. 9.
The crusher of this invention can also separate concrete or asphalt
road pavements R from the subgrade S as shown in FIG. 13. FIG. 13
shows that this crusher can separate pavement R by putting the tip
8 of the stationary blade 1 between the pavement R and the subgrade
S leaving movable blade 2 open.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INVENTION
1. Since the operative surface 3 is provided with the side projections
4a-4c and central projections 5a and 5b, the clamped object can
be readily crushed.
2. Since the thickness of the central projections 5a and 5b becomes
progressively smaller from the central portion 28 toward the edge
29 the side surfaces of the central projections 5a and 5b are brought
into point contact with the object when the object is urgedly crushed
by the central projections 5a and 5b. Thus, the urging force of
the projections 5a and 5b is concentrated at the points of contact
to enhance the crushing force. Thus, the object can be reliably
crushed with a weak force.
3. Since the central projections 5a and 5b and side projections
4a-4c are different in the shape and extent of projection toward
the stationary blade 1 the object is crushed stepwise (i.e., first
into coarse cracked blocks and then into small pieces). Thus, it
is possible to crush an object smoothly and reliably even with a
low horsepower shovel loader, that is, an inexpensive shovel loader
can be effectively used.
4. Since the operative surfaces 40 and 3 of the stationary and
movable blades 1 and 2 have a large width, it is possible to reliably
clamp and crush a concrete block between the operative surfaces
3 and 40. Thus, a concrete block can be crushed into small pieces
ranging in size from, for instance, several cm to several tens of
cm. 5. The fact that an object can be crushed into small pieces
of several cm to several tens of cm is convenient for transporting
the crunched concrete block pieces on a dump truck to a different
place. Further, in the case of reinforced concrete, it is possible
to separate reinforcing iron bars and concrete, so that the iron
bars and crushed concrete can be recovered separately. 6. Since
the shearing blades 25 and 31 are provided, an objecting matter
such as iron bars projecting from the concrete block can be severed
by the shearing blades 25 and 31 so that it does not constitute
an obstacle when the object is crushed. 7. Since the tips 7 and
8 of the movable and stationary blades 2 and 1 are adapted to engage
each other, it is possible to clamp the stem K of the object I projecting
upwards from the ground surface J between the tips 7 and 8 as shown
in FIG. 1 to bend or sever it. Further, it is possible to separate
concrete on the road surface, as shown in FIG. 13. 8. A single crusher
can perform a plurality of different operations. 9. Further, since
the stationary blade 1 is formed with the projection-receiving spaces
24 the movable blade 2 can be rotated sufficiently toward the stationary
blade 1 without the rotation prevented by otherwise possible striking
of the side projections 4a-4c and central projections 5a and 5b
projecting from the movable blade 2 against the operative surface
40 of the stationary blade 1. It is thus possible to urge and crush
an object into small pieces between the opposed operative surfaces
3 and 40. 10. Since the crusher is of the attachment type, it can
be used in any place where the oil hydraulic shovel loader can be
moved. Thus, the scope of its use can be extended. |