Abstrict An arrangement of the working gap of a crushing machine having
a housing in which is disposed a hammer crusher rotor via a horizontally
disposed shaft. The working gap is disposed between the striking
circle described by the hammers of the rotor as the latter rotates,
and the bottom, trough-like inner housing surface that faces the
rotor. The housing has an outlet for material that has been reduced
in size, with the outlet extending tangential relative to the rotor.
The housing also has an inlet that is provided with an anvil, and
extends approximately radially relative to the rotor. The entire
width of the working gap, when viewed in the direction of rotation
of the rotor, is crescent-shaped from the anvil at the inlet to
the tangential outlet.
Claims What we claim is:
1. In an arrangement including a working gap of a crushing machine
having a housing in which is disposed a hammer crusher rotor including
hammers thereon describing a striking circle via a horizontally
disposed shaft on which said rotor is rotatably mounted; said working
gap being disposed between the striking circle described by the
hammers of said rotor as the latter rotates, and a bottom, trough-like
inner housing surface that faces said rotor; said housing having
an outlet for passage of material that has been comminuted and reduced
in size by the hammers of said rotor, with said outlet extending
tangential relative to said rotor; said housing also having an inlet
that is provided with an anvil, with said inlet for material extending
approximately radially relative to said rotor;
the improvement therewith wherein an entire width of said working
gap, when viewed in the direction of rotation of said hammer crusher
rotor, is crescent-shaped, said working gap having a height that
constantly changes in a path extending from said anvil at said inlet
to said tangential outlet for the material.
2. An arrangement according to claim 1 which includes support
housing means for said shaft of said rotor; for the purpose of changing
the size of said crescent-shaped working gap, the position of said
support housing means is alterable relative to at least one of said
anvil and said bottom, trough-like inner surface of said housing.
3. An arrangement according to claim 2 in which said bottom, trough-like
portion of said housing is provided with a section that is pivotably
supported on a shaft disposed parallel to said rotor shaft in the
vicinity of said anvil; and which includes an independent lifting
element for raising and lowering said pivotable section of said
bottom housing portion.
4. An arrangement according to claim 3 in which said lifting element
includes a rotatable eccentric mechanism that cooperates with said
pivotably supported section of said bottom housing portion.
5. An arrangement according to claim 2 which includes two diametrically
oppositely disposed displacement mechanisms for changing and fixing
the horizontal position of said support housing means, and hence
of said rotor shaft.
6. In an arrangement including a working gap of a crushing machine
having a housing in which is disposed a hammer crusher rotor including
hammers thereon describing a striking circle via a horizontally
disposed shaft on which said rotor is rotatably mounted; said working
gap being disposed between the striking circle described by the
hammers of said rotor as the latter rotates, and a bottom, trough-like
inner housing surface that faces said rotor; said housing having
an outlet for passage of material that has been comminuted and reduced
in size by the hammers of said rotor, with said outlet extending
tangential relative to said rotor; said housing also having an inlet
that is provided with an anvil, with said inlet for material extending
approximately radially relative to said rotor;
the improvement therewith wherein an entire width of said working
gap, when viewed in the direction of rotation of said hammer crusher
rotor, is crescent-shaped in a path extending from said anvil at
said inlet to said tangential outlet; support housing means for
said shaft of said rotor; for the purpose of changing the size of
said crescent-shaped working gap, the position of said support housing
means is alterable relative to at least one of said anvil and said
bottom, trough-like inner surface of said housing; support bracket
means for said support housing means, and also, for the purpose
of changing the height of said support housing means, spacers that
can be selectively inserted and removed from between said support
housing means and said support bracket means to effect vertical
alteration of the position of said support housing means and hence
of said rotor shaft.
Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an arrangement of the working
gap of a crushing machine having a housing in which is disposed
a hammer crusher rotor via a horizontally disposed shaft. The working
gap is disposed between the striking circle described by the hammers
of the rotor as the latter rotates, and the bottom, trough-like
inner housing surface that faces the rotor. The housing has an outlet
for material that has been reduced in size, with this outlet extending
tangential relative to the rotor. The housing also has an inlet
that is provided with an anvil, and extends approximately radially
relative to the rotor.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A crushing machine of the aforementioned general type is disclosed,
for example, in German Offenlegungsschrift No. 30 17 437 -Linnerz
published Dec. 11 1981. With such machines, which are predominantly
utilized for reducing the size of metallic scrap, non-metallic material,
or a mixture of the two, the working gap, which is disposed between
the striking circle of the rotor striking hammers and the bottom,
inner housing surface that faces the rotor, and which starts at
an anvil on the inlet side, has a uniform height over its entire
length when viewed in the direction of rotation of the rotor. There
occurs, especially when the striking hammers or the anvil at the
inlet side is worn, that from the material which is to be reduced
in size larger pieces of material are knocked off, become wedged
in the working gap, and block the passage, so that material which
follows accumulates at this location in the bottom, trough-shaped
housing section, where it gradually builds up and fills the working
gap. The forces which act upon the surface of the rotor as a result
of the material trapped in the working gap cause great wear not
only at the surface of the rotor but also at the rotor support.
An object of the present invention, with a crushing machine on
the aforementioned general type, is to provide the working gap between
the surface of the rotor and the trough-shaped inner surface of
the housing with such a configuration that wedging of material which
is to be reduced in size, and the wear caused thereby, are avoided.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
This object, and other objects and advantages of the present invention,
will appear more clearly from the following specification in conjunction
with the accompanying schematic drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view through a crushing machine having
a horizontally disposed hammer crusher rotor and the inventive working
gap;
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view in conformity with that shown
in FIG. 1 and illustrates a special embodiment of the inventive
working gap; and
FIGS. 3 and 4 are each cross sectional views as in FIG. 1 and
illustrate modified embodiments of the inventive working gap.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The arrangement of the present invention is characterized primarily
in that the entire width of the working gap, when viewed in the
direction of rotation of the hammer crusher rotor, is crescent-shaped
from the anvil at the inlet to the tangential outlet.
As a result of the combination of the inventively provided features,
not only is the wear at the rotor and its support positions considerably
reduced, but also a spacing between the striking circle of the rotor
hammers and the anvil on the inlet side is achieved that remains
constant over a longer period of time, thus assuring a frictionless
reduction of the size of the material. Since the bottom, trough-shaped
housing section can be made pivotable, and the support of the rotor
shaft can be moved in the vertical or horizontal direction, there
is provided between the striking circle of the rotor hammers and
the trough-shaped inner surface of the housing a working gap that
constantly increases in height from the anvil on the inlet side
when viewed in the direction of rotation of the rotor. This results
in the achievement of a greater throughput.
A further advantage of the present invention is that due to the
vertical or horizontal adjustment of the support of the rotor shaft,
the rotor striking hammers and the anvil that cooperates therewith
remain uniformly effective, as when they are new, over longer time
periods despite wear.
Further specific features of the present invention will be described
subsequently.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings in detail, the crushing machine essentially
comprises a two-part housing 1 and a horizontally disposed hammer
crusher rotor 2; both ends of the shaft 3 of the rotor 2 are mounted
in a support housing 4 (FIGS. 3 and 4), and the shaft 3 is connected
with a non-illustrated drive mechanism. The hammer crusher rotor
2 is provided with a number of hammers 5 that are uniformly distributed
over the periphery thereof at a radial distance from the shaft 3;
the hammers 5 are rotatably mounted about respective shafts. When
the rotor 2 rotates, these hammers 5 describe an impact or striking
circle that with new hammers is indicated by the dot-dash circle
SC. The direction of rotation of the hammer crusher rotor 2 is indicated
by the arrow A. Material which is to be crushed or reduced in size
is introduced into the housing 1 via an inlet 6 that is disposed
nearly radial to the hammer crusher rotor 2 and at the end of which
is disposed an anvil 7. Pieces of material are severed at the anvil
7 by the striking hammers 5 of the rotor 2. After the size reduction
in the machine, the crushed material is ejected or discharged from
the housing 1 via an outlet 8 that extends tangentially relative
to the hammer crusher rotor 2. A working gap 10 is located between
the striking circle SC of the rotor hammers 5 and the bottom, trough-shaped
inner housing surface 9 which faces the rotor 2. When viewed in
the direction of rotation A of the rotor, the working gap 10 is
crescent-shaped, and has a height that constantly changes from the
anvil 7 toward the outlet 8 for the material.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 the crescent-shaped working
gap 10 is adjustable via a section 12 that is pivotably mounted
in the bottom trough-like portion 11 of the housing in such a way
that it can be raised.
The pivotal movement of the bottom section 12 is effected about
a shaft 13 disposed parallel to the rotor shaft 3 in the vicinity
of the anvil 7; this pivotal movement is carried out by an independent
lifting element 14 that is known per se, such as an eccentric mechanism.
With this inventive construction, the rotor shaft 3 can pass through
the center of the two side walls of the housing 1. However, it is
equally possible to adjust the desired working gap 10 especially
in the vicinity of the anvil 7 on the inlet side, by vertically
or horizontally adjusting the support housing 4.
Thus, the bottom, trough-like portion 11 of the housing 1 is provided
with a bottom section 12 that is pivotably supported on the shaft
13 disposed parallel to the rotor shaft 3 in the vicinity of the
anvil 7; the independent lifting element 14 is provided for raising
and lowering the pivotable bottom section 12 of the bottom housing
portion 11.
FIG. 3 illustrates an inventive embodiment where the housing bottom
11 is embodied in one piece, and the height adjustment "a"
of the support housing 4 for the rotor shaft 3 for example, can
be carried ou by removing or inserting spacers 15 between the support
housing 4 and the associated support bracket 16. A pivot mechanism
17 having a piston/cylinder unit is indicated in dashed lines and
is provided for raising and lowering the support housing 4 in order
to provide a precise adjustment of the position of the latter. By
lowering the support housing 4 for the rotor shaft 3 the working
gap 10 can be appropriately adapted to the existing conditions when
the rotor hammers 5 and the anvil 7 are partially worn or used up.
The impact or striking circle of worn rotor hammers 5 is indicated
by the smaller striking circle SCa.
Thus, the support bracket 16 for the support housing 4 associated
therewith furthermore also includes, for the purpose of changing
the height of said support housing 4 spacers 15 that can be selectively
inserted and removed from between the support housing 4 and the
support bracket 16 to effect vertical alteration of the position
of the support housing 4 and hence of the rotor shaft 3.
FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment with a onepiece housing bottom
11. In this embodiment, the support housing 4 for the rotor shaft
3 can be horizontally displaced on its associated support bracket
16 via special mechanisms, and can be fixed in the desired position.
For this purpose, two oppositely disposed mechanisms 18 are associated
with each support housing 4. The amount of displacement is indicated
in FIG. 4 by the letter "b". The height of the crescent-shaped
working gap 10 can either be fixed, or can be adjusted during rotation
of the rotor 2. The size at the beginning of the crescent-shaped
working gap 10 i.e. between the rotor hammer striking circle SC
or SCa and the anvil 7 at the inlet side, is, of course, crucial
for the size of the material pieces which are to be knocked off,
and hence is also crucial for the change of position of the rotor
support housing 4. The size of the working gap 10 at least in the
vicinity of the anvil 7 is monitored by a non-illustrated measuring
device which is known per se, such as a stroboscope.
The arrangement of FIG. 4 thus includes two diametrically oppositely
disposed displacement mechanisms 18 for changing and fixing the
horizontal position of the support housing 4 and hence of the rotor
shaft 3.
The present invention is, of course, in no way restricted to the
specific disclosure of the specification and drawings, but also
encompasses any modifications within the scope of the appended claims. |