Abstrict A disc crusher has a base frame on which a case with cover is mounted.
A bottom disc seated in a bearing housing is fastened to the cover
of the case. A cone is mounted in a bearing body fastened to the
cover by shock absorbing springs. The bottom disc and cone each
have a central hole. In one embodiment, the bearing housing is connected
by a flange, stud bolts and springs to a top ring with flange and
a bottom ring with flange, also fastened by means of stud bolts
to the cover of the case, which rings have external threads formed
with opposite pitch directions and are embraced externally by a
regulating sleeve (nut) on the internal cylindrical surface of which
there are threaded zones which correspond to the threads of the
top and bottom rings. The regulating sleeve (nut) is provided on
the outside with a guiding disc connected to a driving mechanism
and an arresting mechanism.
Claims I claim:
1. A disc crusher comprising a case with a cover in which a disc
having a top surface is seated, and a first shaft mounted in a bearing
body and disposed at an angle with respect to the disc surface,
on which shaft there is mounted a cone, the generatrix of the cone
being parallel to the top surface of the disc, while the bearing
body together with the shaft and the cone is displaceable axially
forming thus a crushing gap between the generatrix of the cone and
the top surface of the disc,
the bearing body being provided with a flange, on which flange
there are arranged a plurality of shock absorbing springs; and
a joining body having upper and lower flanges, the flange of the
bearing body being joined to the upper flange of the joining body,
by means of stud bolts passing freely through holes in the flange
of the bearing body, the upper flange, and said springs, and said
joining body being joined by means of its lower flange to the cover
of the case;
said joining body comprising a top ring with said upper flange
and a bottom ring with said lower flange, said top and bottom rings
being provided on their external surfaces with threads, the threads
of the top ring being pitched opposite to the threads of the bottom
ring so that the axial displacement of the bearing body, the shaft
and the cone which forms the crushing gap is effected twice as fast
as were said threads not oppositely pitched.
2. A disc crusher according to claim 1 further comprising
said bottom ring having an internal surface with a key groove,
and
said top and bottom rings being embraced externally by a threaded
regulating sleeve, said sleeve being provided on its internal surface
with threaded zones corresponding to the threads of the top and
bottom rings, and said sleeve being provided with an external guiding
disc, and
a key in the bottom end of the bearing body, said key being in
contact with the key groove in the internal surface of the bottom
ring.
3. A disc crusher according to claim 1 wherein arresting washers
are attached to the stud bolts and bias said springs.
4. A disc crusher according to claim 1 wherein the stud bolts
together with the springs form a protective shock absorber which
circularly embraces the bearing body.
5. A disc crusher according to claim 1 wherein said cone has a
peak, and the peak of the cone and the center of the disc are connected
by means of a centering body.
6. A disc crusher according to claim 5 wherein the centering body
is mounted in a central hole of the disc and enters a cylindrical
hole of the cone.
7. A disc crusher according to claim 5 wherein the centering body
is shaped as a cylinder which is disposed in a central hole of the
cone, the disc is provided with a central hole which is conical
in shape, and the bottom end of the centering body is in contact
line with the conical surface of the central hole of the disc.
8. A disc crusher according to claim 1 wherein the bearing body
is laterally movable with respect to the surface formed by the crushing
gap and the shaft.
9. A disc crusher according to claim 1 wherein the top surface
of top disc is inclined at an angle of from 0.degree. to 90.degree.
Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a disc crusher comprising a case with
a disc seated in it, above which a cone is mounted inclined in a
bearing housing so that the generatrix of the cone forms with the
disc surface a crushing gap, the cone together with the bearing
housing being secured by a device for axial displacement and shock-absorbing
springs.
A known disc crusher is disclosed in German published patent application
No. DE-OS 2 606 485 which consists of a case with a horizontally
disposed disc having a vertical axis. On the top side of the disc
there is provided an inclined cone, the generatrix of which forms
with the disc surface a constant rectangular crushing gap. The point
of intersection of the axes of the cone and the disc lies in the
plane of the disc. The disc and the cone are driven by individual
electric motors. For the removal of the crushed product, a hole
is provided in the case behind the crushing gap so that the crushed
material carried by the disc is thrown out through it. Onto the
disc, close to the outlet hole in the case of the crusher, a scrape-off
blade is rigidly mounted, which blade directs the crushed product
towards the outlet hole.
The drawbacks of the known crusher are that it is necessary to
release all the springs by unwinding of the compression nuts before
setting up the crushing gap, and then to effect the setting up by
means of other nuts, the number of which is twice that of the number
of springs, and each one must be safeguarded against self unscrewing,
and then again the springs must be compressed until the spring compression
for operation is reached. Another drawback is the need for scrape-off
blades which complicates the construction and the maintenance of
the crusher. The blades break or wear out frequently and this requires
their replacement. A further drawback lies in the connection between
the cone and the disc which puts additional loads on the bearings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore a general object of the present invention to avoid
the aforementioned drawbacks by developing a disc crusher in which
the crushing gap can be set-up quickly, accurately, and easily,
even during operation, if necessary; to provide a simple and reliable
design with centering of the working bodies one with respect to
the other.
This object is achieved by disc crusher comprising a base frame
on which a case with a cover is mounted, and in this case there
is seated a bottom disc seated in a bearing housing fastened to
the cover of the case by means of a flange with stud bolts and springs,
while the bottom disc has a certral hole, and a conical disc has
also a central hole. According to the invention, the flange of the
bearing housing is connected by means of stud bolts and springs
to a top ring with flange and a bottom ring with flange, also fastened
by means of stud bolts to the cover of the case which have on their
external surfaces formed threads with opposite direction and are
embraced externally by a regulating sleeve (nut) on the internal
cylindrical surface of which there are formed threaded zones which
correspond to the threads of the top ring with flange and the bottom
ring with flange, and the regulating sleeve is provided on the outside
with a guiding disc connected to a driving mechanism and an arresting
mechanism. In the bottom end of the bearing housing there is a key,
which is in contact with the internal surface of the bottom ring
with flange. In the central hole of the bottom disc there is provided
a centering cone which is disposed with its front conical part in
a central hole of the conical disc. At tight contact of the conical
disc to the bottom disc their axes intersect at an angle [beta]
at a distance "a" from the top surface of the bottom disc,
and this distance is equal to 0.35 of the height "h" of
the latter. The flange of the bottom ring has peripheral holes of
elliptical shape.
The advantages of the disc crusher according to the invention lie
in the ability to easily and quickly regulate the size of the crushing
gap without disturbing the operation of the crusher. Because of
this advantage, it is also possible to use a system for automatic
checking and setting-up of the crushing gap and of the granulometric
composition of the product, respectively. Another advantage lies
in the reliable centering of the conical disc with respect to the
bottom disc during operation and the setting-up of the position
of both discs one with respect to the other.
For providing an additional regulable pressure, it is possible
instead of springs to use hydropneumatic springs and hydraulic oil.
The advantages of this variant lie in that the regulation of the
spring compression is effected quickly and easily.
The joining surface of the flange of the bottom ring is fastened
to the cover by means of stud bolts so that it is possible by means
of the nuts of the stud bolts to lift or lower it or to incline
it in a desired direction.
According to the invention, the cone can be centered with respect
to the center of the disc in two ways: the first way is effected
by means of a centering body which enters the central cylindrical
hole of the cone and comes in contact with it in a point or a line
while, at the same time, its base lies rigidly in a central hole
of the disc; in the second way, a cup with a conical hole is rigidly
mounted in the central hole of the disc, in which cup there enters
with its one end an axle which comes in line with the conical surface,
while the other end of the axle enters the cylindrical hole of the
cone.
According to the invention, the bearing body of the cone is inclined
transversely to the plane formed by the crushing gap and the axis
of the shaft of the cone (the bearing body of the cone). It is thus
possible to regulate the parallelism between the generatrix of the
cone and the surface of the disc.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
With these and other objects in view, which will become apparent
in the following detailed description, the present invention, which
is shown by example only, will be clearly understood in connected
with the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the disc crusher in a plane
passing through the two axes of the shafts and the crushing gap;
FIG. 2 shows a side view of the disc crusher from the side of the
crushing gap in the direction "A" in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the bearing housing of the
cone above the flange of the bottom ring along the line B--B as
shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the centering unit shown in FIG.
1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 the disc crusher 1 comprises a case
2 which is formed of a first cover 3 a central body 4 and a bottom
5. The latter lies on a base frame 6.
In the case 2 there is mounted a disc 7 which is seated on an axial
bearing 8 which is laterally sealed by a first ring 9. The disc
7 is mounted on a first shaft 10 which is seated in the bottom 5
of the case 2. At the other end of the shaft 10 there is mounted
a first belt pulley 16. The drive of the disc 7 is thereby effected
by means of an electric motor which is not shown in the drawing.
Above the disc 7 there is disposed the cone 17 which is fastened
to a second shaft 18. The axis of the shaft 18 and the generatrix
of the cone 17 form an acute angle [beta] so that the generatrix
of the cone 17 remains parallel to the surface of disc 7. Thus,
there is formed the crushing gap 19 which remains constant in height
during the process of crushing.
The shaft 18 of cone 17 is mounted on first, second and third anti-friction
bearings 20 21 22 in a bearing body 23 which is closed on both
sides with second and third covers 24 and 25. At the top end of
shaft 18 there is mounted a second belt pulley 26 which is connected
by means of v-belts 27 with the motor 28. A protective cover 29
protects the belt transmission 27. The electric motor 28 is mounted
on a support 30 on flange 31 which is an integral part of the bearing
body 23.
The fastening of flange 31 respectively the bearing body 23 to
the first cover 3 is shown in FIG. 1 in two versions:
According to the first version, shown on the left, the bearing
body 23 lies onto two rings (i.e. second and third ring 32 33
to distinguish from first ring 9 mentioned above) the bottom or
third ring 33 is mounted by means of its flange and stud bolts 34
to the cover 3. A key 35 provides for the axial displacement of
the bearing body 23 with respect to the bottom ring 33. Both rings
32 and 33 are provided on their external surfaces with oppositely
directed threads 36 and 37 and are embraced externally by a regulating
sleeve 38 which has on its internal cylindrical surface zones with
threads corresponding to the threads of rings 32 33. On the flange
of the regulating sleeve 38 there is mounted a guiding disc 39 connected
to a driving mechanism and an arresting mechanism, which are not
shown in the drawing. When the regulating sleeve 38 rotates in one
or the other direction, the bearing body 23 together with the cone
17 are lifted or lowered, thus regulating the height of the crushing
gap 19.
According to the second version, shown on the right, the bearing
body 23 is fastened to the cover 3 by means of the joining body
40 having top and bottom flanges 41 and 42. The bottom flange 42
is fastened to the cover 3 by means of several stud bolts 43 only
one of them being shown in the drawing. In this case the regulating
of the height of the crushing gap is effected by means of all nuts
46 of the stud bolts 43.
On the flange 31 of the bearing body 23 there are arranged springs
47 48 by means of stud bolts 51 52 which pass freely through
holes in flange 31 of the bearing body 23 and are fastened rigidly
to the flange 32 or 41 of the top ring 32 or the joining body 40
respectively, depending on which embodiment is chosen, and arresting
washers 49 50. Thus, the spring pressure remains independent of
the motion of cone 17 in its axial direction when the height of
the crushing gap 19 is being set.
In the center of disc 7 there is provided a rigid centering body
53 which enters in the central cylindrical hole 54 of the cone 17.
FIG. 4 shows an alternate embodiment of the centering of cone 17
with respect to disc 7. Instead of the centering body 53 in this
case there is used a cup 55 the top part of which is provided with
a conical hole 57. In this conical hole 57 there is disposed with
its bottom end an axle 58 the top end of which is disposed in the
cylindrical hole 59 of cone 17. By means of a chamfer 60 the axle
58 is in contact on both sides with the conical hole 57 and fixes
the cone 17 on both sides in a radial direction.
In FIG. 2 which shows the disc crusher form the side, there is
seen the frame 6 which lies by means of the wedge-shaped joint
61 on the horizontal frame 62. Thus the disc crusher is inclined
in the direction of the inlet hole 63 towards the outlet hole 64
at an angle [alpha] which can be from 0.degree.-90.degree.. Thus,
the disc 7 is inclined, and the crushing gap, lying in the plane
formed by both shafts 10 and 18 (FIG. 1), is also inclined.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view through the bearing body 23. The
bottom (third) ring 33 with its flange, resembling in shape a triangle,
is rigidly connected by means of three stud bolts 34 to the cover
3 (FIGS. 1 and 2) of the disc crusher. FIG. 3 shows the first version
of fastening the bearing body 23 which is also shown as left part
of FIG. 1. By means of the nuts of the stud bolts 34 the bearing
body 23 an be inclined in the direction of the crushing gap 19
the point of rotation being the centering body 53. Thus, a rectangular
shape of the crushing gap is ensured. For this purpose the holes
65 66 and 67 in ring 33 shown in FIG. 3 are elliptical.
Although the invention is described and illustrated with reference
to a plurality of embodiments thereof, it is to be expressly understood
that it is in no way limited to the disclosure of such preferred
embodiments but is capable of numerous modifications within the
scope of the appended claims. |