Abstrict A jaw crusher for bulky waste and like matter, comprising two groups
of jaws or shanks movable towards and away from each other, the
jaws or shanks within each group being spaced at an interval corresponding
to the width of the jaws or shanks of the opposite group. The jaws
or shanks of one group are adapted, as they move towards the other
group, to travel at least partly into the interspaces between the
jaws or shanks of the opposite group, and include driving units
actuating at least one group of jaws or shanks in order to move
them towards the opposite group. At least one of the jaws included
in at least one group of jaws is movable relative to the remaining
jaws of the same group, the jaws are individually movable by individually
actuable driving units, and the driving units are provided with
sensors for sensing exerted power and actuating a programmable central
unit which controls the relative position of the jaws so that it
will vary during the cutting-up operation.
Claims What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. Jaw crusher for bulky waste and like matter, comprising two
groups of jaws adapted to be movable towards and away from each
other, the jaws within each group being spaced at intervals corresponding
to the width of the jaws of the opposite group so that the jaws
of one group as they move towards the other group travel at least
partly into the interspace between the jaws of the opposite group,
driving units operatively connected to at least one group of jaws
to move them towards the opposite group, means to move at least
one of the jaws of at least one respective group relative to the
remaining jaws of the same group, said driving units comprising
individually actuable driving units for individually operating each
jaw of said at least one group of jaws, sensing means for sensing
power exerted by said driving units, a programmable central unit
operatively connected to said sensing means to be actuated thereby
in response to a predetermined resistance to a jaw to actuate the
driving unit of at least one adjacent jaw to change the relative
position of the jaws in said group and produce a counter-directed
movement of the jaws resulting in maximum breaking power.
2. A jaw crusher as claimed in claim 1 wherein one group of jaws
is displaceable a distance substantially corresponding to the stroke
of the crusher while the other group of jaws is displaceable along
a substantially shorter distance.
3. A jaw crusher as claimed in claim 2 wherein said driving units
for the opposite group of jaws comprises individually actuable driving
units operably connected to a programmable control unit which controls
said driving units so that the jaws of said opposite jaw group have
an undulatory motion.
4. A jaw crusher as claimed in claim 1 and further comprising means
for mechanically interconnecting said relatively movable jaw of
one group with the adjacent jaws of the same group when the relative
displacement is greater than a predetermined relative position so
that said relative displacement is limited.
5. A jaw crusher as claimed in claim 1 wherein said driving units
comprise cylinder-piston units and said sensing means comprises
a pressure governer adapted for sensing the pressure in a cylinder-piston
unit acting upon the respective jaw.
6. A jaw crusher as claimed in claim 1 wherein one jaw group comprises
at least one set of jaws, each set including three jaws wherein
the central jaw is displaceable relative to the jaws disposed on
either side thereof.
Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a jaw crusher for bulky waste
and like matter, including two groups of jaws or shanks being movable
towards and away from each other, the jaws or shanks within each
group being placed at an interval corresponding to the width of
the jaws or shanks of the opposite group, the jaws or shanks of
one group being adapted, as they move towards the other group, to
travel at least partly into the interspace between the jaws or shanks
of the opposite group, and including driving units actuating at
least one group of jaws or shanks in order to move them towards
the opposite group.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In prior-art crushing devices for the aforementioned purpose the
disintegration of the material to be cut takes place primarily by
cutting or shearing action, said material being sheared off over
sharp edge means provided on the edges of the jaws or shanks. It
has been found that the disintegration of heavy material, such a
wooden or metal beams, metal objects and building waste, requires
very great forces and that prior-art type jaw crushers must therefore
be highly overdimensioned as far as driving power is concerned.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of this invention is to provide an apparatus making
it possible to disintegrate at a moderate power demand also such
material as is regarded as difficult.
The essential characteristic of a jaw crusher according to the
invention is that at least one of the jaws included in at least
one group of jaws is movable relative to the remaining jaws of the
same group, that the jaws are individually movable by individually
actuable driving units, and that said driving units are provided
with means sensing exerted power and actuating a preprogrammable
central unit which controls the relative position of the jaws so
that it will vary during the cutting-up operation.
Essential to the function of the jaw crusher is that the jaws do
not, as do prior-art crushers, move towards each other in laterally
aligned relationship, i.e. in common planes, but that the relative
position of the jaws varies throughout the cutting operation so
that the material to be cut is subjected to repeated breaking and
bending stresses in various directions at the same time as the sharp
edges means provided in the jaws cut up the material.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the general construction and localization
of the jaws of cooperating jaw groups;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a jaw crusher where one group of
jaws have been divided up into two parts and one jaw within either
half is movable relative to the jaws positioned on either side of
said one jaw; and
FIG. 3 like FIG. 1 is a schematical top view of a modified embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 which thus is a schematical illustration of part of a jaw
crusher generally designed as shown in FIG. 2 comprises, for the
sake of clarity, only such details as are essential to the mode
of operation.
Mounted about a fulcrum 1 are two jaw groups 2 and 3. One jaw group
2 is always movable and while the other jaw group 3 may be stationary
it is movable in the embodiment shown.
The jaws 4 5 and 6 in group 2 are arranged at an interval corresponding
to the width between the jaws 7 8 9 and 10 in the opposite jaw
group. As the jaw groups approach, the jaws, like the shanks of
a pair of scissors, will overlap and produce a heavy cutting or
shearing action at the sharp edge means designated by 11.
According to the invention at least one of the jaws of at least
one group of jaws is movable relative to the remaining jaws of the
group. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1 the jaws 4-6 in group
2 are adapted to pivot towards the jaws 7-10 in group 3. Thus, as
will appear from the following, the latter group is pivotable along
a shorter distance.
Consequently, it is the group 2 that effects the cutting operation
proper. To achieve the intended effect the centrally situated jaw
5 is movable in forward direction, as is indicated by dash lines,
from the position abreast of the other jaws.
All the jaws in group 2 are provided with driving units in the
form of hydraulic cylinder-piston units 12 13 and 14. The driving
units are provided with pressure governers or like means sensing
a predetermined pressure in the driving unit, i.e. it indicates
when the resistance exerted by the material to be cut reaches a
certain value. The sensing means are coupled to a programmable central
unit which controls, in response to sensed values, the supply of
power or pressure medium to the driving unit of the various jaws.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 1 and also FIG. 2 one has
preferred to allow the driving unit 13 of the central jaw in the
group, respectively in each half, to be primarily acted upon to
entrain the side jaws 4 and 6 by mechanical entraining means 15--provided
that the nature of the material to be cut does not require greater
force.
If the material is easily cut up the driving unit 13 can thus by
itself displace the jaws 4 5 and 6 all the way up to the opposite
jaw group 3 and during the cutting operation the central jaw 5 will
travel ahead of the jaws 4 and 6 to effect a breaking or cracking
action on the material in cooperation with the opposite jaws 8 and
9.
If after a certain distance of displacement the central jaw 5 encounters
resistance of a certain magnitude the sensing means of the driving
unit 13 will react whereby the central unit will direct power, pressure
medium, also to the driving units 12 and 14 which act upon the jaws
4 and 6. These jaws can thereby be displaced forwards, abreast of
and past the central jaw 5 which results in that the material to
be cut will be subjected to a counterdirected cracking or breaking
action.
Under the influence of the jaws 4 and 6 the material to be cut
will be loosened up so that the jaw 5 can pass on in forward direction.
This operation continues repeatedly whereby the material is broken
and cracked in opposite directions until it is cut through.
Thus, during the cutting operation the material will be subjected
to repeated cracking or breaking stresses which make it easier for
the sharp edges of the jaws to tear apart the material gradually.
In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 the jaws 7-10 in group
3 are movable along a shorter distance, as has already been mentioned.
Each of the jaws is provided with a driving unit 16-19. In the embodiment
shown the driving units 16-19 are coupled to a control unit which
actuates the driving units in such a manner and in such a sequence
that they will carry out an undulatory motion. In one embodiment
this motion is primarily intended to facilitate the detachment of
residues of material accumulated between the jaws after finished
cutting operations. In another embodiment the driving units 16-19
are intended to be moving also during the cutting operation and
in that case the undulatory or pulsating relative motion of the
jaws highly contributes to facilitating the disintegration of the
material. Preferably the control unit for the driving means 16-19
is connected to the central unit for the driving means 12-14 so
that the movements of the jaws are adapted to the relative movement
of the jaws 4-6 in such a way that a maximum breaking or cracking
action is reached at every movement.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 the jaw group on one side of
the crusher is divided up into two halves each corresponding to
the jaw group 2 of FIG. 1. For the sake of the simplicity the details
in either half have been given the same reference numerals as in
FIG. 1.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 3 which is a schematical illustration,
the jaws 4', 4", 5', 5", 6', 6" are pivotable relative
to each other along a certain distance. The driving units 12', 12",
13', 13", 14', 14" are individually actuable and, like
the driving units 12-14 provided with sensing means coupled to
a programmable central unit. The relative movement of the jaws is
limited to the extent that no jaw can be displaced so far ahead
of the adjacent jaws as to allow gaps to arise through which materail
would fall down behind the jaws.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 3 the central unit is programmed
so as to allow the jaws to move in accordance with the nature of
the material to be cut--either manually, in that the operator selects
the program, or automatically, in that the crusher in the initial
stage of each cutting operation senses the resistance and the central
unit decides the choice of program--in such a relationship that
a maximum breaking or cracking action is obtained. The relative
motion of the jaws can be adjusted relative to the resistance of
the material such that jaws attacking portions of material where
the resistance is heavy are allowed to carry out powerful motion
relative to each other while jaws encountering more easily worked
portions of material are allowed to accompany each other.
To improve the disintegration effect and to prevent to a certain
extent weak long pieces of material to fall through and to prevent
upward displacement of the material, the jaws of both groups, according
to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 are provided with projections
20 on the sides of the jaws facing the interior of the cutting space,
and each of the flanks of the jaws are provided with laterally projecting
sharp cross-edges 21. The projections 20 have an underside 22 of
triangular configuration, extending tangentially to the arc of the
swinging movement of the jaw, an equally triangular, downwardly
inclined upper side 23 and, consequently also triangular side surfaces
24. The sharp cross-edges 21 have an upper side 25 being tangential
to the same arc of swinging movement as the surface 22 of the projection
20 a transverse sharp edge 26 facing the centre of the jaw crusher
and a lateral extent corresponding to half the distance between
adjacent jaws. Thus the sharp cross-edges 21 of two adjacent jaws
bridge the distance between the jaws and define together a sharp
edge crossing the interspace.
When the jaws of both the jaw groups have moved almost completely
into each other the projection 20 on the jaws of one group will
pass inwardly of and over the cross-edges 21 on the sides of the
cross-edges 21 of the opposite group of jaws, whereby intermediate
material will be cut off.
Since the cross-edges pairwise bridge the interspace between the
jaws of the two groups, said cross-edges will form a primary obstacle
to material tending to fall straight through the gap between the
jaws. As soon as some component of the material is stopped by the
cross-edges, a build-up of material will take place preventing material
from falling through when the jaw crusher is open.
The projections 20 arranged on the jaws obstruct material which
during the cutting operation tends to slide upwards along the sharp
edges of the jaws so that such material is retained and can be cut
off.
The embodiment of FIG. 2 includes another projection, at 27 which
also serves as catching means for parts of material tending to fall
through the jaw crusher. |