Abstrict A gyratory crusher uses a new spider arm guard and rim liner arrangement.
The spider arm guard and rim liner are retained on the spider by
means of a dowel and recess system.
Claims What is claimed is:
1. A gyratory crusher, comprising: a shell; a spider supported
by the shell, the spider having a plurality of spider arms; a plurality
of spider arm guards mounted on top of the spider arms; and mounting
means rigid with and extending downwardly from each of the spider
arm guards and being freely received in upwardly open recesses or
apertures in the spider arms, wherein the spider arm guards are
mounted to the spider in the absence of separate fasteners.
2. The gyratory crusher of claim 1 wherein the mounting means includes
mounting pegs integrally formed with an underside of the spider
arms guards facing the spider.
3. The gyratory crusher of claim 2 wherein two mounting pegs extend
from each spider arm guard.
4. The gyratory crusher of claim 1 wherein the spider arm guards
are ceramic.
5. The gyratory crusher of claim 1 wherein the spider arm guards
are steel.
6. The gyratory crusher of claim 2 wherein the mounting pegs have
a length between approximately three and twelve inches and a diameter
between approximately one and four inches.
7. A gyratory crusher, comprising: a shell; a spider supported
by the shell, the spider having a plurality of spider arms; and
a plurality of spider arm guards mounted on top of the spider arms;
an attachment system for mounting each spider arm guard on the respective
spider arm, the attachment system comprising a mounting peg fixed
on one of the guard and the arm and received in an aperture or recess
formed in the other of the guard and the arm to prevent lateral
movement of the guard with respect to the arm and permit the guard
to be freely liftable off the arm.
8. The gyratory crusher of claim 7 wherein the spider includes
an annular spider rim along an outer periphery thereof, rim liner
segments mounted on top of, and extending around, the spider rim;
each rim liner segment including mounting means extending outward
from each rim liner segment and received in circumferentially spaced
recesses or apertures in the spider rim.
9. The gyratory crusher of claim 7 wherein the mounting pegs extend
from each spider arm.
10. The gyratory crusher of claim 7 wherein the mounting pegs are
integrally formed with the spider arm guards.
11. The gyratory crusher of claim 10 wherein the spider arm guards
are ceramic.
12. The gyratory crusher of claim 7 wherein the mounting pegs are
steel.
13. The gyratory crusher of claim 7 wherein the mounting pegs have
a length between approximately three and twelve inches and a diameter
between approximately one and four inches.
14. A gyratory crusher, comprising: a shell; a spider supported
by the shell, the spider having an annular spider rim along an outer
periphery thereof; a plurality of rim liner segments mounted on
top of, and extending around, the spider rim; and mounting means
extending outward from each of the rim liner segments and being
received in recesses or apertures in the spider rim.
15. The gyratory crusher of claim 14 wherein the mounting means
includes mounting pegs integrally formed with the rim liner segments.
16. The gyratory crusher of claim 15 wherein two mounting pegs
extend from each rim liner segment.
17. The gyratory crusher of claim 14 wherein the rim liner segments
are ceramic.
18. The gyratory crusher of claim 14 wherein the rim liner segments
are steel.
19. The gyratory crusher of claim 15 wherein the mounting pegs
have a length between approximately three and twelve inches and
a diameter between approximately one and four inches.
Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to rock crushing systems, such as conical
rock crushers or gyratory crushers. Specifically, this invention
relates to protective covers, such as spider arm guards and rim
liners, utilized in rock crushing systems.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Gyratory rock crushers generally have a downwardly expanding central
conical member which rotates or gyrates within an outer upwardly
expanding frustroconically shaped member typically called a shell.
The shell can be comprised of two or more pieces, e.g., a top shell
and a bottom shell. The central conical member generally has a wearing
cover or a liner called a mantle. A spider assembly rests on the
top shell, forming the top of the support structure for the machine.
This spider assembly can include spider arm guards. Because the
material to be crushed is dropped into the top of the machine, the
arms and rim of the spider assembly are subject to a great deal
of wear as rocks make impact. Therefore, the spider arm guards and
rim liners are used on top of the spider assembly to protect the
arms and rim from the falling material. These guards are replaced
from time to time when warranted by the amount of degradation.
Spider arm guards and rim liners are generally affixed to the spider
assembly with fastening devices. For example, conventional gyratory
rock crushers utilize bolts and sometimes springs to maintain the
spider arm guards in place over the spider arms. When the guards
require replacement, the fastening devices must be removed, which
requires substantial labor and machine down-time. Therefore, it
would be advantageous to have guards which can be easily affixed
and removed from the spider assembly. Thus, there is a need for
spider arm guards and rim liners that are easy to install. Further,
there is a need for spider arm guards and rim liners that do not
require expensive fasteners or fasteners which are difficult to
remove.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gyratory rock crusher including
a shell and a spider having spider arm guards. The spider arm guards
have mounting means that are received in recesses or apertures in
the spider arms.
The invention further relates to a spider arm guard for use with
the spider arm of a gyratory crusher. The spider arm guard has a
shield portion and a number of mounting pegs. The mounting pegs
are sized to fit into corresponding recesses or apertures in the
spider arm.
The present invention further relates to a gyratory crusher including
a shell, a spider with spider arms, spider arm guards, and an attachment
system for the spider arm guards. The attachment system includes
mounting pegs and recesses or apertures sized to receive the mounting
pegs.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of assembling
or repairing a rock crusher including placing a spider arm guard
over a spider arm, aligning the mounting pegs of the spider arm
guard with corresponding recesses or apertures in a spider arm,
and lowering the spider arm guard onto the spider arm.
The present invention further relates to a gyratory crusher including
a shell, a spider supported by the shell, the spider having a spider
rim, a number of rim liner segments mounted on top of the spider
rim, and mounting means extending outward from each of the rim liner
segments and being received in recesses or apertures in the spider
rim.
The present invention still further relates to a rim liner for
use with a gyratory crusher including a spider, the rim liner including
a shield portion shaped to protect the spider, and a number of mounting
pegs extending from the shield portion, wherein the mounting pegs
are sized to fit into corresponding recesses or apertures on the
spider.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Exemplary embodiments will hereafter be described with reference
to accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals denote like elements;
and
FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a gyratory crusher;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the gyratory crusher showing a spider assembly
without spider arm guards;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a spider arm guard;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a segment of a spider rim showing a spider
rim liner;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a rim liner segment showing
a mounting peg;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the mounting peg; and
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7--7 in FIG.
2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1 a gyratory crusher 10 can be utilized to crush
rock, ore, minerals, waste, or other material. Gyratory crusher
10 is assembled on a cast steel base or bottom shell 12 having a
central hub 14. Central hub 14 is provided with a vertical bore
18 adapted to receive cylindrical support shaft 20 and eccentric
24. Drive housing 13 extends outwardly from hub 14 to enclose a
drive mechanism 22. Drive mechanism 22 causes rotation of an eccentric
24 that directs the gyratory motion of the shaft 20.
A head assembly 26 which is part of the shaft 20 includes a head
member 30 which is covered by a mantle 34. Mantle 34 provides one
of the crushing surfaces of crusher 10.
A top shell 36 projects upwardly from bottom shell 12 and is covered
by a spider assembly including a spider 46. Alternatively, top shell
36 and bottom shell 12 can be a single piece component. Spider 46
includes an aperture 40 that receives an end 42 of shaft 20.
Top shell 36 is protected from wear by several rows of concaves
62. Spider 46 can be attached or rest upon top shell 36. Preferably
top shell 36 includes a recessed portion 92 for receiving a flange
94 of spider 46. Vertical positioning of shaft 20 with respect to
top shell 36 adjusts the relative position of the mantle 34 of the
head assembly 26 with respret to the canvas 62 thereby adjusting
the size of the crushed material exiting crusher 10.
Material to be crushed is supplied through spider 46 which includes
openings 48 (shown in FIG. 2) for entry of the material into crushing
cavity 50. A liquid flush apparatus (not shown) may be provided
for spraying a liquid such as water toward the crusher cavity 50.
The spider 46 is comprised of spider arms 52 radially extending
outward from the center to spider rim 53 (shown in FIG. 2). A spider
cap 54 sits on the top center of the spider 46. Each of the spider
arms 52 is protected from falling material by a spider arm guard
56. The spider rim 53 is protected by a rim liner 57 (shown in FIGS.
4 and 5), also known as a hopper liner.
The gyratory crusher 10 operates as follows. When the drive mechanism
22 is driven by any appropriate means, it transmits power to the
eccentric 24. The eccentric 24 causes the gyration of the head assembly
26 resulting in the crushing of the material in the crushing chamber
50. The phantom lines flanking the mantle and center axis on FIG.
1 indicate the range of gyratory motion.
FIG. 2 shows the gyratory crusher 10 from the top. In this particular
embodiment, there are two spider arms 52 extending from the center.
As material is dumped into the machine through openings 48 some
of the material impacts the spider 46 requiring the spider arm
guards 56 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.
FIG. 3 is a more detailed cross-sectional view of a spider arm
guard 56. In a preferred embodiment, the spider arm guard 56 rests
on spider arm 52 and is restrained laterally by means of two mounting
pegs 58. The mounting pegs 58 fit into corresponding recesses 60
(shown in FIG. 1) in the spider arm 52. The mounting pegs 58 serve
to maintain the spider arm guard 56 in place on the spider arm 52.
Each recess 60 can be any aperture that will retain the mounting
peg 58.
FIG. 4 shows a segment 59 of a rim liner from a top view. The rim
liner is comprised of several curvilinear segments 59 covering the
360 degree arc of the outer peripheral annular rim 53. In the preferred
embodiment, the rim liner has an inner radius of about 65 inches
and an outer radius of about 86 inches. The rim liner segment is
preferably made of a manganese alloy steel. A preferred embodiment
has six rim liner segments 59 one of which being shown installed
in FIG. 2. The locations of two mounting pegs 58' are shown. A cross-section
of this rim liner segment is shown in FIG. 5 the plane including
a mounting peg 58'. FIG. 7 shows one rim liner segment 59 mounted
in place.
FIG. 6 shows a mounting peg 58 for a spider arm guard 56 in even
more detail. The mounting pegs 58 are designed with the following
considerations in mind. The length must be sufficient to allow some
vertical motion due to machine vibration without the guard 56 becoming
dislodged. In the preferred embodiment, the mounting pegs 58 are
about 7.2 inches in length and 3.2 inches in diameter when used
on a spider arm guard 56. The preferred size of mounting pegs 58
when used in a rim liner is about two inches in diameter and 2.8
inches in length. It is preferred to cast the mounting pegs 58 integrally
with the spider arm guard 56 to avoid a possible weakness in the
joint between the mounting peg 58 and the guard 56. Although the
shape of the spider arm guard 56 helps keep the guard 56 in place,
pegs 58 and recesses 60 are necessary to provide a fastening or
mounting system that maintains the placement of the arm guard 56
with respect to spider arm 52.
Each spider arm guard 56 may have a number of mounting pegs 58.
Depending on the size of the gyratory crusher 10 the mounting system
may have from one to five mounting pegs 58 per spider arm guard
56.
The mounting pegs 58 58' may take a variety of shapes and sizes.
For example, they could have a circular, square, or triangular cross-section.
The diameter of the mounting pets 58 can vary depending on the size
of the gyratory crusher 10. Typical diameters would be from one
and a half to four inches. The length of the mounting pegs 58 is
generally approximately two to three times the diameter, or approximately
three to twelve inches depending on the material. However, this
ratio may vary depending on the structure of the crusher 10. For
example, in the preferred embodiment of mounting pegs 58' for rim
liner segment 59 the length is only about 1.5 times the diameter.
The mounting pegs 58 58' can be constructed of steel, ceramic,
or other materials that would withstand the wear and tear of normal
operation.
In an alternative embodiment, the mounting pegs 58 could extend
upward from the spider arms 52 rather than downward from the spider
arm guards 56. The spider arm guards 56 could then be manufactured
with recesses sized to fit the mounting pegs 58.
The spider arm guard 56 may be lifted off the spider arm 52 for
service without detaching any bolts or spring mechanisms. Therefore,
the required labor for service is reduced without sacrificing the
operational effectiveness of the machine overall. The method of
initial assembly or repair of a spider arm guard 56 is straightforward.
The guard 56 must be aligned with the spider arm 52 such that the
mounting pegs 58 will fit into the corresponding recesses 60. The
spider arm guard 56 may then be lowered onto the spider arm 52.
Removal of a spider arm guard 56 for service may be accomplished
by lifting the guard 56 off the spider arm 52.
The rim liner segment 59 shown in FIG. 4 may use the mounting peg
arrangement discussed above as well. Circumferentially spaced recesses
60 are located in the spider rim 53. A typical number of mounting
pegs 58' would be two per rim liner segment 59 if six segments
59 are used to protect the spider rim 53. As discussed above, alternative
embodiments include extending mounting pegs upward from the spider
rim 53 and using different numbers of pegs per rim liner segment
59 and altering the shapes of the pegs.
The above arrangement solves the longstanding problems discussed
in the Background of the Invention section because no bolts or springs
are required to maintain the spider arm guards 56 on the spider
arms 52 or the rim liner segment 59 on the spider rim 53. The mounting
pegs 58 58' maintain the placement of the spider arm guards 56
and rim liner segments 59. This arrangement therefore will save
time and expense when the spider arm guards 56 and rim liner segments
59 must be replaced due to wear and tear because the guards are
more easily removed and installed.
While several embodiments of the invention have been described,
it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that what has
been described is considered at present to be the preferred embodiments
of a spider arm guard 56 and rim or hopper liner 57 and method of
installation. However, in accordance with the patent statutes, changes
may be made in the design without actually departing from the true
spirit and scope of this invention. The following claims are intended
to cover all such changes and modifications which fall within the
true spirit and scope of this invention. |