Abstrict A roll crusher for crushing lumpy material particularly coal and
other minerals comprises a conveyor trough having a trough bottom
with a plurality of longitudinally extending laterally spaced chains
trained to run over the trough bottom and move through a path from
beneath a crushing roller of the roll crusher. The crushing roller
is rotatably mounted above the trough bottom and has a rotatable
shaft portion with a plurality of radially extending axially spaced
and angularly offset striker portions along its length. A plurality
of pushers extend laterally between and interconnect adjacent strands
so as to form a chain mat type structure of the conveyor which moves
along the trough beneath the crusher roll. The chains are spaced
laterally apart by spacing comprising a clearance selected to be
equal to or less than the maximum grain size to be formed in the
material by the crusher. The pushers are longitudinally spaced between
adjacent chains and disposed in respect to the crusher rolls as
the striking tools rotate through paths bringing the outer ends
of the crushing tools between adjacent strands of the chain. The
pushers are advantageously made of a height lower than the vertical
links of the chains so that they form trough type recesses therebetween.
The pusher height is advantageously made substantially equal to
half the height of the vertical chain links. The pushers of adjacent
strands are staggered preferably by the length of one vertical chain
link.
Claims What is claimed is:
1. A single-roll crusher for fragmenting coarse-grained material,
particularly coal and other minerals, comprising a housing, a shaft
mounted to said housing for rotation, striking tools mounted on
said shaft for rotation therewith through a path of rotary motion,
a conveyor trough having a crusher plate extended at a predetermined
distance vertically below said striking tools, a chain mesh mat
mounted intermediate said crusher plate and said striking tools,
said chain mesh mat comprising a multiplicity of chain strands extending
side by side and horizontally spaced from each other by a predetermined
lateral distance not greater than a desired maximum grain size,
and pushers connecting adjacent chain strand, each of said chain
strands comprising interconnected links alternate ones of which
are vertical and horizontal, said chain mesh mat being aligned with
the path of rotary motion of respective striking tools so that the
tools project and rotate centrally between adjacent chain strands,
and each of said pushers having in the zone between adjacent chain
strands a trough-like recess having a depth extending below the
top of said vertical chain links.
2. A roll crusher according to claim 1 wherein said pushers having
a height at least in a portion thereof extending between said chains
of substantially half the height of said vertical chain links.
3. A roll crusher according to claim 1 wherein said pushers are
connected to every fourth chain links of adjacent chains, said pushers
of said chain strands being staggered by half the pusher interval
of a pair of said chain strands.
4. A single roll crusher according to claim 1 wherein said chain
strands are laterally spaced by a grading interval equal to less
than 200 mm.
5. A chain conveyor according to claim 1 wherein said pushers
are connected between and extending over laterally aligned horizontal
links of adjacent chain strands.
6. A roll crusher according to claim 5 wherein said pushers have
flat bottoms engageable on said crusher plate, each pusher including
a pusher portion extending above ahd below the horizontal link associated
therewith and a clamping bolt extending through the portion above
and below said horizontal link and extending through said horizontal
link to hold said pusher to said chain strands.
7. A roll crusher according to claim 5 wherein said striking tools
on said shaft are angularly offset.
8. A crusher according to claim 5 wherein said striker tools are
shaped to move through a path intersecting the recess of said pushers.
Description FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates in general to material crushing and in particular
to a new and useful single roll crusher for crushing lumpy material,
particularly coal and similar minerals, with a crusher roll and
striking tools arranged on the crusher shaft, as well as a crusher
plate spaced underneath the crusher roll, which is formed by the
conveyor trough of a chain conveyor passing through the single-roll
crusher.
A constant problem in crushing lumpy material in a single-roll
crusher is that the material is obtained after the crushing in completely
different grain sizes. Actually the grain size spectrum is relatively
wide, because the material is partly not crushed between the striking
tools and the crusher plate. This becomes a problem when the material
is to be crushed to desired grain sizes which do not exceed a certain
maximum size, and hence a given value. The crushing of the material
must ensure a corresponding grain classification, to make elaborate
resorting to obtain the desired grain sizes unnecessary, because
such resorting is extremely costly and therefore disadvantageous.
The invention is designed to remedy this situation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a single roll crusher which ensures crushing
of the lumpy material down to the desired maximum grain size.
A single roll crusher according to the invention includes a chain
conveyor with several chain strands, forming a chain mesh mat, which
are joined with each other by means of pushers and are arranged
in a grading interval whose clearance is equal to or less than the
desired maximum grain size, and which are so aligned with regard
to the path of revolution of the striking tools that the striking
tools revolve centrally with regard to the chain strands and extend
between the chain strands. These measures of the invention have
the result that all fragments of the material to be crushed are
gripped by the striking tools whose grain size exceeds the desired
maximum grain size, because these fragments lie on the chain strands
or at least exceed the height of the chain strands. Due to the fact
that chain strands are spaced from each other in the grading interval,
the lumpy material to be crushed can not yield transverse to the
direction of conveyance. But it is also positively gripped by the
striking tools in the direction of conveyance, because the speed
of revolution of the crusher rool, and thus of the striking tools
or their striking heads is a multiple of the chain speed, and thus
of the conveying speed. The striking tools thus strike down the
material several times while it runs under the crusher roll. This
ensures adequate crushing of the lumpy material, so that finally
only crushed material leaves the single roll crusher whose grain
size does not exceed the maximum grain size defined by the grading
interval between the chain strands. Since the striking tools rotate
in centric alignment between the chain strands, the distance between
the individual striking tools is necessarily smaller than the grading
interval between the chain strands. In this respect too, no material
can pass through or leave the crusher which exceeds the desired
maximum grain size. As a result, the desired grading is obtained.
Thus, the invention provides that the pushers are lower in height
than the vertical chain links in the range between the chain strands,
forming a trough-type recess. Preferably, the height of the pushers
corresponds to about half the height of the vertical chain links,
so that the striking tools can penetrate deep between the chain
strands without damaging the pushers. In this way, undesired formation
of clods is prevented. In order to obtain an optimum conveyance
effect, particularly on slopes, a pusher is connected, according
to the invention, to every fourth chain link or every second horizontal
chain link of adjacent chain strands and the pushers of all chain
strands are staggered. In order to obtain the proper grain size
for rubber conveyor belts, the invention finally provides that the
clearance of the grading interval between the chain strands be selected
with less than 200 mm.
The advantages achieved by the invention are seen substantially
in that a single roll crusher is realized which ensures the crushing
of lumpy material down to a maximum grain size so that no grain
size is obtained that exceeds the given maximum grain size. Actually,
the single-roll crusher according to the invention can be used for
grading to the desired grain size by setting a corresponding grading
interval between the chain strands forming a chain mesh mat. The
alignment and spacing of the chain strands relative to the grading
interval is effected by means of the pushers connecting the chain
strands. The single-roll crusher according to the invention thus
makes resorting of the crushed material unnecessary in a simple
and functional matter.
Accordingly it is an object of the invention to provide a roll
crusher for crushing lumpy material particularly coal and other
minerals which comprises a conveyor trough having a trough bottom
with a plurality of longitudinally extending laterally spaced chains
trained to run over the trough bottom beneath a crushing roller
which is rotatably mounted above the trough bottom and has a plurality
of radially extending axially spaced striker portions along its
length, said chain conveyor including a plurality of pushers extending
laterally between and interconnecting adjacent strands so as to
form a chain mat structure movable on said trough bottom beneath
said crusher roll, said chains being spaced laterally apart by a
spacing comprising a clearance selected to be equal or less than
the maximum grain size to be formed in the material by the crusher
and wherein the pushers are longitudinally spaced between adjacent
chains and disposed in respect to said crusher roll so that the
striking tools rotate through paths bringing their outer ends between
adjacent chains.
A further object of the invention is to provide a roll crusher
which is simple in design, rugged in construction and economical
to manufacture.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention
are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and
forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of
the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained
by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and
descriptive matter in which a preferred embodiment of the invention
is illustrated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the Drawings:
FIG. 1 is a partial top plan view of a roll crusher constructed
in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical section taken along the line 2--2 of FIG.
1; and
FIG. 3 is a vertical section taken along the line 3--3 of FIG.
1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings in particular, the invention embodied
therein comprises a crusher generally designated 50 which includes
a combined crusher and conveyor housing 52 in which is rotatably
mounted a crusher roll generally designated 2 which is disposed
over a trough bottom 4 which also forms a bottom wall of the housing
52 and which is located below the roll 2 which is rotatably mounted
in the housing.
The figures show a single-roll crusher for crushing lumpy material
1 particularly coal and similar minerals. This single-roll crusher
has a crusher roll 2 with striking tools 3 arranged angularly offset
and axially spaced on the crusher shaft. Under striking tools 3
in a given distance or spacing, there is a crusher plate which is
formed by a conveyor trough 4 of a chain conveyor 5 passing through
a plane below crusher roll 2. The distance of conveyor trough 4
from crusher roll 2 corresponds to the height of passage for material
1 to be passed through and crushed. Chain conveyor 5 has several
longitudinally extending chains or chain strands 6 forming, with
drivers or pushers 7 that are attached to the chairs, a chain mesh
mat 8 which fills the cross-section of conveyor trough 4. The chains
6 are connected with each other by the pushers 7. These chain strands
6 are arranged side by side in a lateral spacing or grading interval
A, which is equal to or less than the desired maximum grain size.
The chain strands 6 are so aligned with regard to the path of revolution
of each of the striking tools 3 that the striking tools rotate
centrically with regard to the chain strands 6 and extend between
adjacent chain strands. Pushers 7 are lower in height H in the range
between chain strands 6 forming a trough-type recess, than the
height of vertical chain links 9 of each chain 6. Pusher height
H corresponds substantially to half the height of vertical chain
links 9. To every fourth vertical chain link, or every second horizontal
chain link 10 of adjacent chain strands 6 is connected a pusher
7. Pushers 7 of all chain strands 6 are staggered by half the pusher
interval of a pair of chain strands. In a special embodiment for
the production of proper grain sizes for rubber conveyor belts,
the clearance of the grading interval A between chain strands 6
is selected equal to or less than 200 mm.
While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and
described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles
of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be
embodied otherwise without departing from such principles. |