Abstrict This invention relates to an improvement in a single-roll crusher
having a housing, a roll body freely rotatably supported on an eccentrically
rotatable drive shaft in said housing, at least one laterally mounted
crushing beam pendularly suspended in the upper part of said housing
and resting in the lower region thereof at approximately the height
of the roll body axis, by means of a pressure bar, against a prestressed
set of springs solidly integrated in the crusher housing in order
to absorb the crushing force, the prestressing force also being
adjustable when the set of springs is integrated and the gap adjustment
at the exit of the crushing space is achieved by changing the spacer
thickness between the pressure bar and a spring retainer, the improvement
comprising bayonet lock means holding the prestressed set of springs
in the crusher housing, the prongs and mating prongs of said bayonet
lock means mutually engaging and releasing each other in assembly
and disassembly, and key means pressing the support surfaces of
the set of springs in the same direction as the crushing force on
corresponding bearing surfaces in the crusher housing.
Claims What is claimed is:
1. In a single-roll crusher having a housing, a roll body freely
rotatably supported on an eccentrically rotatable drive shaft in
said housing, at least one laterally mounted crushing beam pendularly
suspended in the upper part of said housing and being positioned
at approximately the height of the roll body axis by means of a
clamping bolt against a prestressed set of springs including a plurality
of springs clamped between a front spring seat and a rear support
disc, the set of springs, in turn, being supported by means of the
support disc against said housing,
whereby when crushing forces acting on said prestressed set of
springs exceed a prestressing force, the springs are further compressed
and said clamping bolt and said front spring seat are displaced
in said housing away from said crushing beam,
the improvement comprising base means on the crusher housing adapted
to support said rear support disc,
said base means having an aperture therein through which said set
of springs is adapted to pass,
a stop surface, in said base means, facing away from said crushing
beam,
prong means, facing each other, in said base means,
and opposed prong means on said rear support disc,
whereby the prestressed set of springs can be locked in the axial
direction thereof by interengaging, in the manner of a bayonet lock,
the prong means in said base means with the opposed prong means
on said rear support disc.
2. A single-roll crusher according to claim 1 including key means
with a half round cross-section adapted to be forced between said
stop surface in said base means and said opposed prong means on
said rear support disc.
Description This invention relates to a single-roll crusher with a roll body
freely rotatably supported on an eccentrically rotatable drive shaft,
and with one or two crushing beams mounted laterally thereto and
suspended at the top in the crusher housing while resting at the
lower end approximately at the height of the roll body axis against
a prestressed set of springs solidly mounted in the crusher housing
by means of a thrust bar for the purpose of absorbing the crushing
force. The prestressing is adjustable even in the case of an integrated
set of springs, and the gap setting in the exit of the crushing
chamber is controlled by varying the thickness of the spacer between
the thrust bar and a spring retainer.
The invention in particular relates to supporting the crusher beams
of single-roll crushers operating in such a manner that a roll body
supported in an eccentric and freely rotatable manner on a drive
shaft is made to move circularly and reciprocatingly with respect
to the crushing beams mounted to the side thereof.
The crushing beams are suspended in conventional pendular manner
at their upper regions from the two longitudinal walls of the crusher
housing. In their lower region, about at the height of the roll
body axis, these crusher beams are retained by a prestressed set
of springs mounted in the longitudinal and transverse walls of the
crusher housing. Because the crushing beams are elastically supported
in their lower parts, the impacts occurring in crushing are attenuated;
furthermore the crushing beams may move out of the way if foreign
bodies reach the crushing space between the roll body and the crusher
beam together with the material to be crushed.
The set of springs most of the time is mounted in tipping manner
in the longitudinal walls of the crusher housing, the axis of tipping
being perpendicular to that of the set of springs (see for example
German Pat. No. 1257004). In this case the crushing beams and
the set of springs form a triple joint. This type of support is
statically determinate, however mechanically very costly. Furthermore
difficulties are encountered with setting the gap at the bottom
at the exit from the crusher chamber.
On the other hand, it is more advantageous to solidly integrate
the set of springs in the transverse walls of the crusher housing
(see for example German Pat. No. 691146). If then the movable spring
retainer is designed in two parts in such a manner that it permits
installing a spacer, gap adjustment is made possible in a simple
manner, whereby the desired gap width always can be reset even for
the continuous wear of the crusher walls or crushing jaws. In order
to always achieve full contact between the crushing beam and the
pressure piece of the spring retainer, an elastic tension member
is appropriately mounted between the beam and the spring retainer,
whereby the tension member between the beam and the housing then
may be omitted.
Known designs of this type have the drawback that assembly and
dismantling are difficult and time-consuming because the connections
for the crushing forces to be transmitted require corresponding
strength.
The purpose of the invention is to provide a suitable solution
to the assembly or dismantling and the installation of the set of
springs, whereby assembly or dismantling will require only a slight
expenditure of time and whereby the crushing forces will be transmitted
in suitable manner directly from the set of springs to the crusher
housing.
Furthermore the setting of the prestressing force in the set of
springs and the adjustment of the gap is made easier for the operating
personnel.
The invention achieves this goal in that the prestressed set of
springs is integrated in the crusher housing by means of bayonet
locks of which the mating prongs mutually release in assembly and
dismantling and in that fastening wedges press the bearing surfaces
of the set of springs in the same direction as the crushing force
on the corresponding bearing surfaces in the crusher housing.
When the support for the set of springs in the crusher housing
is designed as a bayonet lock, this set can be assembled or dismantled
in the shortest possible time. Because the fastening keys press
these support surfaces of the set of springs directly on the corresponding
support surface in the crusher housing, the crushing forces from
that set of springs are transmitted directly to the housing and
do not stress the keys whereby the keys cannot be deformed by the
crushing forces. Appropriate keying is carried out using round keys
or wedges, because they and their associated guides can be made
most simply.
Precise setting of the prestressing force and of the gap width
will be very easy for the operating personnel if a hydraulic power
unit is used on the one hand to deliver the prestressing force for
the set of springs and on the other hand to set the gap, where the
unit is mounted at the crusher housing coaxially with the set of
springs.
The invention will be further illustrated by reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal view of a crusher and a longitudinal view
in cross-section,
FIG. 2 is a top view of the bayonet lock with prongs, viewed in
the direction of the axis of the set of springs, and
FIG. 3 is the support plate for the set of springs with prongs.
The reference numerals indicate the following:
1=longitudinal wall of the crusher housing
2=roll body
3=crushing beam
4=crushing jaw
5=support bolt for the crushing beam in the longitudinal walls
6=transverse wall of the crusher housing
7=steel retainers and rubber plates of the set of springs
8=spring retainer
9=guidance bushing
10=support plate for the set of springs with prong
11=base in the crusher housing for the set of springs with matching
prongs
12=prestressing nut to apply prestressing force in the set of springs
13=damping plate
14=pressure piece between the damping plate and the prestressing
nut
15=support surfaces between the set of springs and the crusher
housing
16=semi-circular wedges or keys to force the set of springs against
the crusher housing
17=pressure bar between the crushing beam and the set of springs
18=support plate for the pressure bar in the set of springs
19=spacer between the support plate and the spring retainer to
set or adjust the crushing gap
20=central bolt solidly resting in the support plate
21=hydraulic power unit mounted to the crusher housing to displace
the central bolt for the purpose of adjusting the prestressing force
or the crushing gap
22=elastic tension member
23=prongs in the support plate of the set of springs
24=free passageway in the crusher housing for the prongs of the
support plate of the set of springs
25=matching prongs in the crusher housing to support the prongs
of the support plate.
The roll body 2 is eccentrically and freely rotatably mounted on
a drive shaft and when the latter is rotated, the roll body is set
into circularly reciprocating motions with respect to the laterally
mounted crushing beams 3. These crushing beams are suspended in
their upper portions by means of the support bolts 5 in the longitudinal
walls of crusher housing 1. The set of springs is composed of the
steel retainers and rubber plates 7 the spring retainers 8 and
the guide bushing 9 solidly connected therewith, and of the support
plate 10 with the prongs 23. The prestressing nut 12 is used to
apply the prestressing force in the set of springs. The damping
plate 13 attenuates impacts. A pressure piece 14 is mounted between
the damping plate and the prestressing nut.
The set of springs rests in a stationary manner in the transverse
wall 6 of the crusher housing, with keys, preferably semicircular
keys 16 seated in the stop surface 26 forcing the support plate
10 with its prongs 23 against the mating prongs 25 in the base 11
in the crusher housing.
The spacers 19 to adjust the crushing gap can be inserted between
the support plate 18 for the pressure bar 17 and the spring retainer
8 i.e., between the crushing beam and the set of springs. The set
of springs is maintained at a predetermined prestressing force by
the central bolt 20. The elastic tension member 22 ensures that
the crushing beams rest by means of their pressure bar against the
set of springs even when the crusher is empty. The hydraulic power
unit 21 mounted at the transverse wall in the crusher housing allows
pulling or pushing the central bolt to adjust the prestressing force
or the crusher gap.
Because the assembly or disassembly of the set of springs, i.e.
the integration of the set of springs in the transverse wall of
the crusher housing, is implemented by a bayonet lock, such assembly
or disassembly of a set of springs can be carried out in the shortest
time without difficulty.
To dismantle the set of springs, the semi-circular keys 16 are
removed and the tightening nut resting against the prestressing
nut 12 is removed. Then, the set of springs is rotated by 90.degree.
so that the prongs of the support plate 10 are located in the clear
passageway 24 in the crusher housing. The springs are then pulled
through the opening, in the base 11 in the crusher housing, for
the set of springs. The installation of a replacement set of springs
is effected in the inverse sequence.
By means of the hydraulic power unit, it becomes feasible to set
the spring prestressing force and the gap width without manual exertion,
and to adapt these magnitudes to the operational conditions of the
crusher or of the material to be crushed and to the wear of the
crushing plates.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications
may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing
from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications. |