Abstrict This invention relates to an improvement in a roll crusher which
crushes loaded material by impact and pressure, comprising a crusher
housing, a loading hopper, a rotatable roll holding impacting tools,
and fixed or adjustable crushing bars mounted to the crushing wall
of the crusher housing, the improvement comprising two mutually
oppositely rotatable rolls, each independent of the other and adapted
to crush the material, mounted together with two oppositely located
crushing walls in one common crusher housing, and a roof-like chute
means mounted above a gap between the two rolls and adapted to distribute
the material in the hopper and feed it to crushing regions.
Claims What is claimed is:
1. In a stationary or mobile roll crusher which crushes loaded
material by impact and pressure, comprising a crusher housing, a
loading hopper, a pair of mutually oppositely rotatable rolls holding
impacting tools, and fixed or adjustable crushing bars mounted to
the crushing wall of the crusher housing,
the improvement comprising means mounting said pair of mutually
oppositely rotatable rolls independently of the other together with
two oppositely located crushing walls in one common crusher housing,
roof-like chute means mounted above a gap between said pair of
rolls and adapted to distribute the material in the hopper and feed
it to crushing regions,
and gridiron means independently insertable into feed ducts to
the crushing regions, said gridiron means being capable of blocking
in whole or in part said feed ducts and by step-like insertion or
removal dissolving any material cloggings, and means whereby said
gridiron means are automatically inserted upon power failure to
prevent crusher jamming.
2. A roll crusher according to claim 1 including means mounting
the two rolls at different heights which can be adapted to an incline
of a conveyor belt removing comminuted material.
3. A roll crusher according to claim 1 including a mobile substructure
means adapted to move on wheels or tracks, and supporting the crushing
rolls, the loading hopper, and a conveyor for removing comminuted
material.
Description This invention relates to roll crushers which crush loaded material
by impact and pressure, comprising a crusher housing, a loading
hopper, a rotating roll holding the impacting tools, and fixed or
adjustable crushing bars mounted to the crushing wall of the crusher
housing.
Single roll crushers are widely used because of their economy when
crushing materials of low hardness such as coal, rock salt, etc.,
the loaded clumps being broken up by means of a rotating roll with
impacting tools forcing them against a fixed or adjustable wall.
Such single roll crushers are composed of a crusher housing, a rotatable
roll with the impacting tools mounted theron, i.e., also rotatable
and a fixed or adjustable crusher wall which may be smooth or serrated.
The broken-up material is removed underneath the crusher by a suitable
conveyor which removes this material to another conveyor or shipping
vehicle.
These crushers offer the advantage that they are economical to
manufacture and that dust formation remains within tolerable limits.
They have, on the other hand, the drawback that their crushing
efficiency is low compared to other crushing equipment.
Accordingly, where substantial crushing output is required, two
or more crushers must be used side by side, whereby such equipment
may be uneconomical compared to other units.
The invention therefore addresses the problem of providing an economical
solution while retaining the same crushing procedure.
This problem is solved by the invention by mounting two rolls,
rotatable in opposite directions and independently of each other,
together in one crusher housing with two opposite crushing walls,
and in that above the gap between the two rolls a roof-like metal
element or chute divides the flow of material in the loading hopper
and feeds it to the two crushing regions.
Because two single-roll crushers are integrated in one housing,
the equipment operates more economically and also is more compact
than if each single roll crusher were mounted in a special housing.
Also, the loading surface of the input hopper is enlarged without
the equipment operating at a greater height.
While two rolls are mounted in one housing in this construction,
they do however differ fundamentally from the known two roll crushers
which also comprise two rolls in one housing. The solution of the
present invention offers two crushing regions, or two comminuting
regions, namely between each roll and its crusher wall; the crushing
processes in the two regions are independent of one another. Further,
the two rolls can be driven independently of each other. In any
event, material is not crushed in the space between the two rolls.
The reduction in size in the known equipment takes place between
the two rolls, in other words, there is only one comminuting region.
The direction of the roll rotation is mutually opposite, as is the
case for the present invention. However, because the loaded material
is fed only to one crushing region, the loading hopper and its loading
surface will be smaller for the same height and the same wall slope
in this invention.
In order to further improve the crushing process in the present
invention, one or more rows of fixed and/or adjustable crushing
bars may be mounted in each crushing region in such a manner that
shorter crushing bars at greater spacings are mounted in the upper
row and longer bars with lesser spacing reaching as far as the roll
are mounted in the lower rows, the upper row being used for pre-reduction
and the lower rows of crushing bars for post-reduction.
Another improvement is obtained in operation in that gridirons
partly or wholly blocking the feed ducts to the two crushing chambers
can be inserted independently of one another into these ducts and
on one hand can limit or entirely stop the flow material in each
crushing region independently of the other, and on the other hand
may be used to unclog material by being suddenly forced inwardly
or pulled out, and futhermore these gridirons can keep the material
to be crushed from the rolls in the case of a power shortage or
when the rolls are starting up or winding down, and thus prevent
jamming of the crusher. The gridirons are automatically pushed in
by compressed air or similar means the moment the crusher is shut
off or shuts itself off in case of a malfunction. Accordingly, a
feeder can be dispensed with. In known equipment the material is
loaded by means of such feeders as conveyor belts, thrust loaders,
etc., which uniformly remove the material from a preceding hopper.
When the crusher is shut off or turns itself off, the feeder also
is automatically turned off so the rolls are free from excess material.
This is necessary as otherwise the rolls could not start up again.
The two rolls may be mounted at different heights, with the latitude
of adaptation furthermore to the slope of the conveyor removing
the crushed material.
Most appropriately, the integration of two single-roll crushers
in one common housing may be designed as a mobile pre-crushing facility,
the two single-roll crushers integrated in one housing together
with their conveyor removing the crushed material being mounted
on a substructure moving on wheels or tracks or other transport
means.
The invention will be further illustrated by reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-section of a mobile crusher with two rolls; and
FIG. 2 is a top view of the crushing equipment.
The reference numerals denote the following:
1=crushing rolls
2=impact bars
3=fixed or adjustable crushing bars mounted to the crushing wall
4=the crusher housing
5=the roof-like chute over the rolls
6=the insertable gridirons
7=the V-belt drives for the two rolls
8=the loading hopper
9=the mobile substructure
10=conveyor belt
11=protective plate above conveyor belt and driver's cabin
12=driver's cabin
13=crushing chambers
14/15=crushing walls.
The material to be crushed is fed through the hopper 8 and the
chute 5 to the two crushing chambers 13. In these crushing chambers,
the loaded material is comminuted by the rotating impact bars 2
and the fixed or adjustable crushing bars 3. The crushed material
leaving the underside of the crushing space is fed by the conveyor
belt 10 to another conveying equipment such as a light truck or
to another conveyor belt. By means of its mobile substructure 9
the equipment can change its site of operation.
The crushing bars are driven by known drives, preferably by V-belt
drives 7. The two rolls are driven in mutually opposite rotation
and are housed in a common crusher housing 4 whereby the equipment
is both compact and has a large loading hopper. Loading can take
place by means of belts, mobile loading equipment or excavating
equipment.
The supply of the material to the crushing chambers can be blocked
and even stopped entirely by using the movable gridirons 6. These
movable gridirons also can be used to unclog the loaded material.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications
may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing
from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications. |