Abstrict A method for mounting a jaw die plate (9) of a jaw crusher detachably
against a front end wall (10) of the crusher by means of a fastening
device (18) operated from outside a side wall (7) of the crusher.
The die plate (9) is secured in its place by means of friction between
the fastening device (18) and a counter surface (22) of the front
end wall (10) and friction between the fastening device (18) and
a counter surface (23) of the die plate. The fastening device of
the jaw crusher includes a wedge piece (18) having a first pressing
surface to be fitted against the counter surface (23) of the die
plate (9) secured against the front end (10) of the crusher, and,
in addition to that, a second pressing surface to be fitted against
the counter surface (22) of the front end wall. The wedge piece
(18) is movable towards both counter surfaces (23 22) and away
from the same by means of the tightening means (19 24 20).
Claims What is claimed is:
1. A method for securing a jaw die plate of a jaw crusher detachably
against a front end wall of the crusher comprising
positioning the jaw die plate adjacent the front end wall and between
side walls of a frame of the jaw crusher without opening the frame;
and
operating a fastening means from outside the side walls of the
crusher to provide a force for holding the jaw die plate against
the front end wall, the force including a force parallel to the
front end wall.
2. A jaw crusher, comprising:
a frame of the jaw crusher including two opposing side walls and
a front end wall;
a first jaw die plate and an opposing second jaw die plate, the
first jaw die plate being movable back and forth relative to the
second jaw die plate, the second jaw die plate being disposed between
the side walls;
the second jaw die plate being detachably secured against the front
end wall; and
fastening equipment including at least one wedge piece having a
first pressing surface arranged to fit against a first counter surface
of the second jaw die plate and a second pressing surface arranged
to fit against a second counter surface of the front end wall; and
tightening means extending through at least one of the side walls
and adapted to move the wedge piece relative to the first and second
counter surfaces to detachably secure the second jaw die plate to
the front end wall,
wherein the second jaw die plate is adapted to be installed and
removed relative to the frame without opening the frame.
3. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 2 wherein the wedge
piece is movable parallel to a longitudinal axis of a guide member
of the tightening means.
4. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 2 wherein the tightening
means comprises a nut turnable along a threaded rod.
5. A jaw crusher, comprising:
side walls;
a first jaw die plate and an opposing second jaw die plate, the
first jaw die plate being movable back and forth relative to the
second jaw die plate, the second jaw die plate being disposed between
the side walls;
a front end wall of the crusher against which the second jaw die
plate is detachably secured; and
fastening equipment including at least one wedge piece having a
first pressing surface arranged to fit against a first counter surface
of the second jaw die plate and a second pressing surface arranged
to fit against a second counter surface of the front end wall and
tightening means extending through at least one of the side walls
and adapted to move the wedge piece relative to the first and second
counter surfaces to detachably secure the second jaw die plate to
the front end wall,
wherein the second counter surface is part of a projection projecting
from a plane of the front end wall towards the jaw die plate.
6. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 5 wherein the first
and the second pressing surfaces and the first and second counter
surfaces are arranged so that planes of extensions of the first
and second counter surfaces intersect each other along a line that
intersects a plane of the front end wall, and at least part of the
tightening means is between the first and second counter surfaces.
7. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 6 wherein the wedge
piece is movable parallel to a longitudinal axis of a guide member
of the tightening means.
8. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 6 wherein the planes
of the extensions of the first and second counter surfaces intersect
along a line which is perpendicular to the plane of the front end
wall.
9. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 8 wherein the wedge
piece is movable parallel to a longitudinal axis of a guide member
of the tightening means.
10. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 5 wherein the wedge
piece is movable parallel to a longitudinal axis of a guide member
of the tightening means.
11. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 5 wherein a lower part
of the front end wall is provided with a ridge, an upper surface
thereof being beveled so that it forms an angle opening upward with
a plane of the front end wall that is smaller than 90.degree., and
wherein a lower edge of the second jaw die plate is supported against
the ridge.
12. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 5 wherein the tightening
means comprises a nut turnable along a threaded rod.
13. A jaw crusher, comprising:
side walls;
a first jaw die plate and an opposing second jaw die plate, the
first jaw die plate being movable back and forth relative to the
second jaw die plate, the second jaw die plate being disposed between
the side walls;
a front end wall of the crusher against which the second jaw die
plate is detachably secured; and
fastening equipment including at least one wedge piece having a
first pressing surface arranged to fit against a first counter surface
of the second jaw die plate and a second pressing surface arranged
to fit against a second counter surface of the front end wall and
tightening means extending through at least one of the side walls
and adapted to move the wedge piece relative to the first and second
counter surfaces to detachably secure the second jaw die plate to
the front end wall,
wherein the first and the second pressing surfaces and the first
and second counter surfaces are arranged so that planes of extensions
of the first and second counter surfaces intersect each other along
a line that intersects a plane of the front end wall, and at least
part of the tightening means is between the first and second counter
surfaces.
14. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 13 wherein the planes
of the extensions of the first and second counter surfaces intersect
along a line which is perpendicular to the plane of the front end
wall.
15. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 14 wherein the wedge
piece is movable parallel to a longitudinal axis of a guide member
of the tightening means.
16. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 14 wherein a lower
part of the front end wall is provided with a ridge, an upper surface
thereof being beveled so that it forms an angle opening upward with
a plane of the front end wall that is smaller than 90.degree., and
wherein a lower edge of the second jaw die plate is supported against
the ridge.
17. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 13 wherein the wedge
piece is movable parallel to a longitudinal axis of a guide member
of the tightening means.
18. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 13 wherein a lower
part of the front end wall is provided with a ridge, an upper surface
thereof being beveled so that it forms an angle opening upward with
a plane of the front end wall that is smaller than 90.degree., and
wherein a lower edge of the second jaw die plate is supported against
the ridge.
19. A jaw crusher in accordance with claim 13 wherein the tightening
means comprises a nut turnable along a threaded rod.
20. A jaw crusher, comprising:
side walls;
a first jaw die plate and an opposing second jaw die plate, the
first jaw die plate being movable back and forth relative to the
second jaw die plate, the second jaw die plate being disposed between
the side walls;
a front end wall of the crusher against which the second jaw die
plate is detachably secured; and
fastening equipment including at least one wedge piece having a
first pressing surface arranged to fit against a first counter surface
of the second jaw die plate and a second pressing surface arranged
to fit against a second counter surface of the front end wall and
tightening means extending through at least one of the side walls
and adapted to move the wedge piece relative to the first and second
counter surfaces to detachably secure the second jaw die plate to
the front end wall,
wherein a lower part of the front end wall is provided with a ridge,
an upper surface thereof being beveled so that it forms an angle
opening upward with a plane of the front end wall that is smaller
than 90.degree., and wherein a lower edge of the second jaw die
plate is supported against the ridge.
Description TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention concerns a method for securing a jaw die
plate of a jaw crusher detachably against the front end wall of
a jaw crusher. The invention also concerns a jaw crusher.
BACKGROUND ART
The stationary jaw die plate or plates of a jaw crusher are conventionally
secured to the front end wall or front frame of the crusher, by
fastening them by bolting through said end wall. The jaw die plate
is pressed against the front end wall by means of a wedge, a recess
made to an aperture of said wedge receiving the head of the fastening
bolt. Usually, so called hammer-type bolts are used as fastening
bolts. The jaw die plate can be divided vertically into two or more
separate wearing parts.
For mounting a stationary jaw die plate to the crusher, there must
be space provided in front of the front end wall of the crusher.
Often the problem is that the required space is not available, but
immediately in front of the crusher there are e.g. supporting structures
of the feeding device feeding the crusher, or, provided under the
feeding device there is a by-pass chute for the fines, meant for
removing the fines from the feed material. These structures must
be removed in order to install the jaw die plate, which is time
consuming and causes costs and production losses.
Generally, the securing wedges of the jaw die plates are located
as extensions to the upper and lower parts of the jaw die plate,
so that also the front end wall of the crusher must extend behind
the securing wedges. This means that the front end wall of the crusher
must be considerably higher than the jaw die plate. The material
to be crushed is fed into the opening of the crusher over the front
end wall of the crusher, so that in a traditional solution, the
feeding device must be unnecessarily high with respect to the jaw
die plate which performs the crushing work itself.
Known in the art there are also such securing methods of the jaw
die plate, in which the jaw die plate is wedged against the front
end wall by means of a side wedge or cheek plate provided respectively
on both sides of the jaw. The cheek plate also acts as a protection
for the side plate of the crusher. The wearing of the cheek plates,
however, is minor compared to the wearing of the crushing jaw die
plates, so that the detaching of the cheek plates when changing
the jaw die plates is unnecessary work.
Patent publication U.S. Pat. No. 3984058 discloses a jaw crusher,
in which the jaw die plate is secured by its sides to the side plates
of the crusher by means of angle pieces. One end of an angle piece
is bolted to the side plate. The surface of the angle piece to be
fitted against the side plate is tapered, so that when the bolt
is tightened, the angle piece pivots about its vertical corner edge.
The end of the angle piece facing towards the side plate is beveled,
and when the angle piece turns, it is forced against the bevelled
counter surface of the internal cheek plate of the side plate. The
other, blunt end of the angle piece is forced against a diagonal
counter surface in the recess of the jaw die plate. One component
of the securing force arising in this way forces the jaw die plate
against the front end wall, and the second component prohibits the
lateral movement of the die plate. In this prior art solution, again,
the side plate cannot be detached without removing the jaw die plate.
This construction requires dimensional accuracy from the joint surfaces
as well of the cheek plate as of the jaw die plate. Because these
both pieces are made of a very hard material, they are difficult
to be machined. That increases the production costs of the components.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
In the solution of the present invention, no mounting space is
required in front of the front end wall of the crusher. This means
that the changing of the jaw die plates is easier. It is not necessary
to dismount the feed arrangements or fines removal systems for changing
the jaw die plate, so that costs are reduced and production breaks
shortened. The front end wall of the crusher can be constructed
as low as the stationary jaw die plate and so the feeding level
of the material can be lowered. This means a lower, lighter and
less expensive crusher unit, as a whole. This is significant especially
with mobile and self-propelled crusher units.
Further, the solution in accordance with the invention does not
require complicated machining of the jaw die plate, which would
be a very expensive operation, as the die plate is manufactured
of hard and high-tensile alloy steel.
In the solution of the invention, the jaw die plate is secured
to the front end wall of the crusher by means of a mechanism which
in the direction of the normal of the surface of the front end wall
and the rear surface of the stationary jaw die plate of the crusher,
is mainly friction restrained. In other words, the jaw die plate
is prevented from loosening from the front end wall by means of
a friction force which is parallel to the normal of the surface
of the front end wall of the crusher, said friction force being
generated between two or a plurality of pressing surfaces by applying
thereto a force parallel to the plane of the front end wall of the
crusher. Additional security can be provided by using different
profiled restraint solutions, the main part of the restraint action,
however, being generated by the friction force.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention and its details will now be described in detail in
the following, with reference to the enclosed drawings, wherein
FIG. 1 is a vertical section of a crawler-mounted crusher unit,
FIG. 2 shows the functional principle of a crusher as a schematic
drawing,
FIG. 3 is a vertical section of a jaw crusher of prior art,
FIG. 4 is a vertical section of a jaw crusher in accordance with
the present invention,
FIG. 5 is an enlarged section A--A of FIG. 4 and
FIG. 6 is section B--B of FIG. 5.
MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 describes a crawler-mounted crusher unit independently movable
on the site, known in the art. Material 1 to be crushed can be fed
to the feed hopper 2 of the unit e.g. by means of a digger 3. From
the feed hopper, the material is transferred by a vibrating feeder
4 to the opening of the crusher, fines being simultaneously separated
and led through a by-pass chute 5 to a discharging conveyor 25 or
a main conveyor 6 where it is combined with the breaker product
coming from the crusher. In the crusher, the rock material is crushed
into the final product, the particle size depending on the setting
of the crusher.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show the main components of a jaw crusher known in
the art The crusher comprises side plates 7 on its both sides, side
wedges or cheek plates 8a-8b being mounted on their inner surface,
respectively. A stationary crushing jaw 9 is attached to a front
end wall 10 or front frame. A moving crushing jaw 11 is mounted
to a pitman 12. The jaw die plates 9 and 11 can be made of one or
two pieces 9a-9b, 11a-11b, thereby comprising an upper jaw and a
lower jaw. The jaw die plates can be divided even into a plurality
of pieces. The pitman 12 is mounted at its upper end by an eccentric
shaft 13 passing through the hole of the pitman and mounted with
bearings in the hole of the pitman and to the side plates of the
crusher. The pivoting movement of the pitman is accomplished by
rotating this eccentric shaft in the hole of the pitman by means
of a fly wheel 14. The surfaces of the jaw die plates can be corrugated
in different manners.
Material can be fed into the crusher e.g. as shown in FIG. 1 by
means of a vibrating feeder 4. The fly wheel 14 and simultaneously
the eccentric shaft 13 are driven by a motor. Caused by the eccentric
motion of the eccentric shaft, the pitman 12 of the crusher and
the is jaw die plate 11 mounted thereto, move back and forth, towards
the stationary jaw die plate 9 and away therefrom, so that the rock
is crushed between the jaws.
When the stationary jaw die plate 9 is worn out, it must be changed.
In a solution of FIG. 3 known in the art, the jaw die plate is
secured by means of wedges 15 and bolts 16 to be tightened through
the front end wall 10. The wedges and the bolts force the die plate
against the front end wall at the upper and lower portions of the
front end wall and the die plate. In a die plate made of two pieces
there are wedges and bolts also in the joint of the die plate. For
changing the die plate, the components in front of the front end
wall must be dismounted, that is, in the embodiment of FIG. 1 the
supporting structures of the vibrating feeder 4 and the by-pass
chute 5.
A jaw crusher of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 4 and
5. In the lower part of the front end wall 10 there is a longitudinal
ridge or projection 17 with a beveled upper surface. The jaw die
plate 9 has a corresponding beveled counter surface resting against
the projection. The upper surface of the projection, against which
the counter surface of the die plate is supported, forms with the
inner surface of the front end wall an angle opening upwards, said
angle being smaller than 90.degree.. The projection extends preferably
over the whole width of the front end wall, or over the main part
of the width. The jaw die plate is placed leaning against the front
end wall 10 so that it rests on the projection 17 of the front
end wall.
Attachment of the stationary jaw die plate 9 at its upper part
is shown in FIG. 5. The die plate is secured at the sides of the
front end wall 10 through both side plates 7 of the crusher. The
die plate is secured by means of a wedge 18 and a rod 19 passing
through the wedge and a nut 20 at the end of the rod. The front
end wall 10 is provided with a projection 21 projecting outwards
from the plane of the front end wall, into a recess of the die plate.
The projection 21 has a counter surface 22 against which one wedge
surface of the wedge 18 sets. The other wedge surface of the wedge
18 sets against a counter surface 23 of the die plate 9. Both ends
of the rod 19 are threaded and provided with a nut 20. Between the
nut 20 and the wedge 18 there is a pipe 24.
The wedge 18 is forced between the die plate 9 and the projection
21 of the front end wall by means of the pipe, by turning the nut
on the rod. The counter surfaces 23 and 22 of the die plate and
the front end wall are pressed against the wedge surface of the
wedge and are thus secured to the wedge by means of friction. Due
to this, the die plate and the front end wall are kept together.
A corresponding wedge 18 and a projection 21 as well as a counter
surface 23 of the die plate, are provided also on the other side
of the front end wall, and the rod 19 extends through the whole
crusher.
In order to facilitate the detaching of the wedge 18 the size
of the wedge angle of the wedge 18 must be determined so that the
wedge is not self-locking. The self-locking limit angle depends
on the friction coefficient between the surfaces. In practice the
self-locking limit angle with clean steel surfaces is about 16 .
. . 18.degree..
It is preferable that the wedge 18 and the counter surfaces 22
23 are shaped so that the planes of the extensions of the pressing
surfaces do not intersect on a line totally parallel to the normal
of the joint surface of the front end wall and the die plate, but
they form, as shown in FIG. 6 an angle of e.g. about 5.degree.,
whereby the attachment of the die plate is not totally friction
restraint. This has the advantage that when the securing means 19
24 20 slightly loosens, e.g. due to an inefficient re-tightening,
the die plate still stays in place. This is to avoid damages caused
by the eventual loosening of the die plate.
A jaw die plate made of two pieces can be secured in a corresponding
way. Then, the front end plate is provided with a projection for
the lower side of as well the upper as the lower die plate. Correspondingly,
the securing by means of wedges to the side plates is provided at
the sides of the upper portion of as well the upper as the lower
die plate. Respectively, the invention is also applicable to jaw
die plates made of several parts.
As described above, it is obvious that with a crusher in accordance
with the present invention, when changing the jaw die plate, the
detaching and attaching of the jaw die plate can be accomplished
by handling securing means readily accessible from outside the side
plate. It is not necessary to dismount any components in front of
the front end wall.
The present invention is not restricted to the above described
embodiment only, but it can vary in different ways within the scope
of the claims. The frame of the crusher can also be made of one
casting, so that both ends of the crusher and both side plates form
a single cast. |