Abstrict A conventional crusher forms a hollow space between paralleled
straight portions of a wedge body portion and inner side surfaces
of expanding members at the time of performing an expanding operation
and hence, an expanding force of tapered portions of the wedge is
not transmitted to the whole expanding members whereby the force
is dispersed and a large crushing force cannot be obtained. Accordingly,
the crusher of the present invention comprises left and right expanding
members for crushing, a wedge which is held between the left and
right expanding members and expand the left and right expanding
members, and a hydraulic cylinder which advances and retracts the
wedge, wherein a sector connection portion is formed on a proximal
end portion of the wedge, a spearhead-like tip-end expanding portion
having a spearhead-shaped tip end is formed on a distal end thereof,
spearhead-like intermediate expanding portions having a spearhead
shape are formed on an upstream side of the tip-end expanding portion,
both side surfaces of the connection portion, tip-end expanding
portions, and the intermediate expanding portions are formed in
a tapered surface with a same angle, and tapered surfaces of the
same shape as the tapered surfaces of the wedge are formed on the
inner surfaces of the left and right expanding members.
Claims 1. A crushing structure of a crusher comprising: left and right
expanding members for crushing; a wedge body which is sandwiched
between left and right expanding members and expands the expanding
members; and a hydraulic cylinder which advances or retracts the
wedge, wherein outer side surfaces of a wedge body which perform
a wedging function are formed in a wedge shape in plural stages,
wedges of respective stages have tapered surfaces of an equal angle,
and tapered surfaces having a shape which corresponds to the respective
tapered surfaces of the wedge body are formed on inner side surfaces
of the left and right expanding members.
2. A crushing structure of a crusher according to claim 1 wherein
a plurality of intermediate expanding portions are formed between
a connecting portion of a wedge proximal end portion and a tip-end
expanding portion and, at the same time, tapered surfaces which
correspond to tapered surfaces of the plurality of intermediate
expanding portions are formed on the inner side surfaces of the
left and right expanding members.
Description TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to the crushing structure
of a crusher.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Conventionally, in splitting a stone, a large number of
boring holes are formed in a surface of the stone along the stone
splitting direction, expanding members which are mounted on a distal
end of a crusher are inserted into the respective holes so as to
expand the boring holes in the lateral direction whereby the stone
is cracked from the inside thus splitting the stone. Such a crusher
is configured to perform the crushing operation in a state that
left and right expanding members are mounted on a lower portion
of a hydraulic cylinder in a state that the expanding members are
expandable in the lateral direction, and a wedge which is arranged
between the expanding members is downwardly moved by a piston rod
of the cylinder thus expanding the expanding members.
[0003] Here, in the crushing structure of the left and right expanding
members of the crusher, tapered surfaces are formed on the wedge
toward the distal end direction from a proximal end portion, a wedge
body portion having a parallel straight shape is arranged between
respective tapered portions, and tapered surfaces which are equal
to the tapered surfaces formed on distal end portions of the wedge
are formed on inner surfaces of distal end portions of the left
and right expanding members which sandwich both sides of the wedge.
[0004] Accordingly, when the wedge is lowered due to the hydraulic
cylinder, the tapered surfaces of the wedge expand the left and
right expanding members outwardly thus forcibly expanding the boring
hole formed in the stone so as to perform the stone splitting (see
Japanese Patent Laid-open Hei3(1991)-57553).
[0005] However, the conventional crushing structure of the crusher
has following drawbacks.
[0006] That is, the crusher forms the tapered surfaces which are
spearheaded toward the distal end portion and have the same inclination
on a proximal end portion and a distal end portion of the wedge,
the distal end portions of the left and right expanding members
form the tapered surfaces having the same shape as the tapered surfaces
of the distal end portions of the wedge, and the expanding members
are expanded by the elevation and the lowering of the wedge. Accordingly,
in splitting the stone, a large number of boring holes are formed
in a large stone at a fixed interval on a straight line, the expanding
members mounted on the distal end of the crusher are inserted, and
the wedges are downwardly moved thus collectively performing the
expansion of the left and right expanding members whereby the stone
is split. In such a stone splitting operation, however, at the time
of expanding the expanding members, a hollow space is formed between
the paralleled straight portions of the wedge body portion and inner
surfaces of the expanding members and hence, the expanding force
of the tapered portion of the wedge is not transmitted to the whole
expanding members, that is, the expanding force is dispersed thus
giving rise to a drawback that a large crushing force cannot be
obtained.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0007] Accordingly, the present invention provides the crushing
structure of a crusher which includes left and right expanding members
for crushing, a wedge body which is sandwiched between left and
right expanding members and expands the expanding members, and a
hydraulic cylinder which reciprocates the wedge body, wherein outer
side surfaces of the wedge body which perform a wedging function
are formed of a wedge shape in plural stages, wedges of respective
stages have tapered surfaces of an equal angle, and tapered surfaces
having a shape which corresponds to the respective tapered surfaces
of the wedge body are formed on inner side surfaces of the left
and right expanding members.
[0008] Further, the present invention is also characterized by
a following constitution.
[0009] A plurality of intermediate expanding portions are formed
between a connecting portion of a proximal end portion and a tip-end
expanding portion of the wedge and, at the same time, tapered surfaces
which correspond to tapered surfaces of the plurality of intermediate
expanding portions are formed on the inner side surfaces of the
left and right expanding members.
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a crusher which
utilizes the crushing structure of the present invention when the
crusher is in a closed state.
[0011] FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the crusher which
utilizes the crushing structure of the present invention when the
crusher is in an expanded state.
[0012] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of lower end portions of
the expanding members of the crushing structure of the present invention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0013] The crushing structure of a crusher according to the present
invention interposes a wedge between left and right expanding members,
operates the left and right expanding members so as to expand the
left and right expanding members in the lateral direction corresponding
to the elevating and lowering of the wedge, and splits a stone by
cracking the stone from the inside thereof by making use of an expanding
force of the left and right expanding members. Particularly, in
expanding the left and right expanding members by making use of
both tapered side surfaces of a connecting portion of the wedge,
both tapered side surfaces of a tip-end expanding portion and both
tapered side surfaces of an intermediate expanding portion particularly
along with the elevation or lowering of the wedge, since both tapered
side surfaces of the connecting portion, both tapered side surfaces
of the tip-end expanding portion and both tapered side surfaces
of the intermediate expanding portion are respectively formed into
a tapered surface having an equal angle, tapered surfaces formed
on inner side surfaces of the left and right expanding members which
preliminarily form the inner side surfaces at an equal angle are
expanded while being in contact with the tapered surfaces formed
on outer side surfaces of the wedge as much as possible. Accordingly,
compared to the conventional expanding members which form only the
distal end portions into a tapered surface, the respective tapered
surfaces can ensure the wide contact areas. Accordingly, the crushing
structure exhibits the excellent advantageous effects with respect
to the strength, the diffusion of an expanding force, the expansion
stress and the like. In this manner, the present invention can simultaneously
expand three portions of both expanding members at the same angle
by making use of the respected tapered surfaces in at least three
stages which are formed on the wedge vertically, whereby it is possible
to carry out the crushing operation without lowering the crushing
function.
[0014] An embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail
in conjunction with attached drawings.
[0015] In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 numeral 1 indicates a crusher to which
the crushing structure of a crusher of the present invention is
applied. The crusher 1 includes a cylindrical first frame 2 a hydraulic
cylinder 3 which is mounted in the inside of the cylindrical first
frame 2 a wedge 6 which is connected to a lower end portion of
a rod 4 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 by way of a connecting fitting
5 a skirt-like second frame 7 which is mounted on an end portion
of the first frame 2 and left and right expanding members 8 8
having an approximately semi-circular cross sectional shape which
has head portions thereof arranged in the inside of the second frame
7 and interposes the wedge 6 therebetween.
[0016] A connecting hole 9 is formed in an upper portion of the
wedge 6. The wedge 6 and the rod 4 are integrally connected with
each other by forming the above-mentioned connecting fitting 5 by
way of a pin 10 which is inserted into the connecting hole 9.
[0017] The wedge 6 is formed into a planar shape which has a thickness
substantially equal to a length of chords of the left and right
expanding members 8 8 having an approximately semicircular cross
sectional shape. Further, an inversely-trapezoidal sector connection
portion 11 which has an upper end surface thereof formed into a
convex curved surface is formed on an uppermost portion thereof.
On both side surfaces of a lower portion of the sector connection
portion 11 connection-portion tapered surfaces 15 having an angle
.theta. are formed. On lower end peripheries of the tapered surfaces
15 a wedge body portion 12 having a small width is integrally formed
in a state that the wedge body portion 12 extends downwardly.
[0018] Further, an intermediate expanding portion 13 are formed
on a lower end portion of the wedge body portion 12. Spearhead-like
intermediate expanding portion tapered surfaces 16 16 having an
angle .theta. are formed on both side surfaces of the intermediate
expanding portion 13. Further, a tip-end expanding portion 14 is
formed on a lowermost end portion of the wedge 6. Spearhead-like
tip-end expanding portion tapered surfaces 17 17 having an angle
.theta. are formed on both side surfaces of the tip-end expanding
portion 14.
[0019] Next, the left and right expanding members 8 8 which are
arranged to be brought into contact with the left and right side
surfaces of the wedge 6 are explained.
[0020] The inner side surfaces of the left and right expanding
members 8 8 are formed into a shape which corresponds to the respective
tapered surfaces of the above-mentioned wedge 6. That is, expanding
member supporting portions 18 18 are positioned at heads of the
left and right expanding members 8 8 and cylindrical expanding
member spring mounting holes 29 29 which receive springs 19 19
are formed in upper-end outer side surfaces of the expanding member
supporting portions 18 18. Further, upper end peripheries of the
inner side surfaces of the expanding member supporting portions
18 18 are formed into a tapered shape having an angle .theta. thus
forming expanding-member-support-portion tapered surfaces 20 20.
Further, on inner side surface portions which are positioned below
the expanding-member-support-portion tapered surfaces 20 20 vertical
surfaces 21 21 which are contiguous with the expanding-member-support-portion
tapered surfaces 20 20 are formed. Further, on inner side surface
portions which are positioned below the vertical surfaces 21 21
intermediate receiving portions 22 22 which correspond to intermediate
expanding portions 13 13 are formed. Side surface portions which
are positioned below the intermediate receiving portions 22 22
are formed into a tapered shape having an angle .theta. which corresponds
to intermediate expanding portion tapered surfaces 16 16 thus forming
expanding member intermediate tapered surfaces 23 23. Further,
on inner side surface portions which are positioned below the expanding
member intermediate tapered surfaces 23 23 tip-end receiving portions
24 24 which correspond to tip-end expanding portions 14 14 are
formed. On side surface portions which are positioned below the
tip-end receiving portions 24 24 expanding member tip-end tapered
surfaces 25 25 which are formed into a tapered shape having an
angle .theta. which corresponds to the tip-end expanding portion
tapered surfaces 17 17 are formed. Further, inner side surface
portions which are positioned below the expanding member tip-end
tapered surfaces 25 25 tip-end vertical surfaces 26 26 which
are contiguous with the expanding member tip-end tapered surfaces
25 25 are formed.
[0021] Further, respective shoulder portions of the intermediate
expanding portion 13 and the tip-end expanding portion 14 that
is, upper-end surfaces of the respective expanding portions 13
14 and respective shoulder portions of the intermediate receiving
portions 22 22 and the tip-end receiving portions 24 24 of the
left and right expanding members 8 8 that is, upper-end receiving
surfaces of the respective receiving portions 8 8 24 24 respectively
form corresponding inclined surfaces having a downward gradient
or inclination.
[0022] Accordingly, when the wedge 6 is lowered to perform the
expanding operation and, thereafter, is elevated to be restored
to the original position of the left and right expanding members
8 8 due to the inclined surfaces, an impact which is generated
at the time of vertical elevation of the wedge 6 that is, an impact
which is generated when an upper end surface of the expanding portion
of the wedge 6 and upper-end receiving surfaces of the left and
right expanding members 8 8 come into contact with each other is
not turned into a vertical upward pushing force against the left
and right expanding members 8 8 but is dispersed in the oblique
direction due to the stress dispersion. Accordingly, it is possible
to alleviate an impact applied to left and right expanding members
8 8 whereby it is possible to perform the smooth expanding and
contracting operation of the left and right expanding members 8
8.
[0023] Further, as shown in FIG. 3 top portions of outer peripheral
portions of lower ends of the left and right expanding members 8
8 are partially cut to form flat contact portions 8a, 8a. Due to
such a constitution, when the left and right expanding members 8
8 are brought into contact with an object to be crushed, these flat
contact portions 8a, 8a are brought into contact with the object
to be crushed thus realizing the sufficient transmission of a crushing
stress or force.
[0024] Further, On a lower end portion of the cylindrical first
frame 2 a skirt-like second frame 7 is contiguously formed. In
the inside of the second frame 7 a flange-like back plate 27 which
supports the expanding member support portions 18 18 of the left
and right expanding members 8 8 and a two-split flange-like guide
plate 28 are mounted in the vertical direction. Here, in a flange-like
inner hole portion of the guide plate 28 the expanding member support
portions 18 18 of the left and right expanding members 8 8 penetrate.
[0025] That is, above the expanding member support portions 18
18 of the left and right expanding members 8 8 the flange-like
back plate 27 which receives upper end surfaces of the left and
right expanding members 8 8 are arranged and, at the same time,
below the expanding member support portions 18 18 of the left and
right expanding members 8 8 the two-split flange-like guide plate
28 is arranged in a state that the guide plate 28 is brought into
contact with the support portions 18 18.
[0026] When the left and right expanding members 8 8 are opened
or closed corresponding to the elevating and lowering operation
of the wedge 6 the left and right expanding member support portions
18 18 which are formed on the heads of the left and right expanding
members 8 8 in a projecting manner are slidably brought into contact
with an upper surface of the guide plate 28 and are guided by the
guide plate 28.
[0027] Further, between the expanding member spring mounting holes
29 29 formed in the outer side surfaces of the expanding member
support portions 18 18 of the left and right expanding members
8 8 and second frame spring mounting holes 30 30 which are formed
in an inner portion of the skirt-like second frame 7 springs 19
19 are interposed thus biasing the left and right expanding members
8 8 in the inside direction.
[0028] Accordingly, when the left and right expanding members 8
8 are closed due to the biasing force of the springs 19 19 the
respective tapered surfaces 20 23 25 20 23 25 which are formed
on both inner side surfaces of the left and right expanding members
8 8 are brought into close contact with the respective tapered
surfaces 15 16 17 15 16 17 formed on the outer side surfaces
of the wedge 6.
[0029] Further, the wedge 6 having the above-mentioned constitution
is configured to open or close the left and right expanding members
8 8 by way of the respective tapered surfaces due to the elevating
and lowering operation of the wedge 6. Here, on the upper end portions
of the left and right expanding members 8 8 the wedge body portion
12 of the wedge 6 is arranged in a sandwiched state and, at the
same time, the inverse-trapezoidal connecting portion 11 formed
on the upper portion of the wedge 6 is assembled in a state that
the connecting portion 11 projects upwardly from the left and right
expanding members 8 8.
[0030] Further, as shown in FIG. 2 when both connecting-portion
tapered side surfaces 15 15 of the wedge 6 are positioned above
both expanding-member support portion tapered side surfaces 20
20 which are formed on the inner side surfaces of the left and right
expanding members 8 8 along with the lowering of the wedge 6 caused
by the lowering operation of the hydraulic cylinder 3 due to a
pressing force from the connecting-portion tapered side surfaces
15 15 the intermediate expanding portion tapered surfaces 16
16 the tip-end expanding tapered surfaces 17 17 and the like which
are formed on both left and right side surfaces of the wedge 6
the expanding-member support portion tapered side surfaces 20 20
the expanding-member intermediate tapered surfaces 23 23 the expanding-member
tip-end tapered surfaces 25 25 and the like are expanded.
[0031] That is, since all of the respective tapered surfaces 15
16 17 15 16 17 which are formed on both side surfaces of the
wedge 6 and the respective tapered surfaces 20 23 25 20 23
25 which are formed on both inner side surfaces of the left and
right expanding members 8 8 have the same angle .theta., due to
a wedge action, the left and right expanding members 8 8 are expanded
in parallel in the left and right directions.
[0032] Although the embodiment of the present invention is configured
and is operated in the above-mentioned manner, particularly, while
the inner side surfaces of the left and right expanding members
8 8 and the outer side surfaces of the wedge 6 are held in the
close contact state in an initial stage of the operation, due to
the lowering operation of the wedge 6 tapered surfaces formed on
both outer side surfaces of the wedge 6 expand the tapered surfaces
formed on inner side surfaces of the left and right expanding members
8 8 in the left and right directions due to the wedge action. Here,
since the contact portion of tapered surfaces of the wedge 6 and
the left and right expanding members 8 8 takes place not only at
the upper end portion and the lower end portion but also at the
intermediate portion and hence, the expanding stress or force of
the intermediate portion of the left and right expanding members
8 8 is sufficiently transmitted. Further, gap between the wedge
6 and the left and right expanding members 8 8 can be reduced as
much as possible and hence, the reduction of the strength of the
left and right expanding members 8 8 can be also prevented.
[0033] Further, different from the conventional constitution which
forms the contact tapered surfaces between the wedge 6 and the left
and right expanding members 8 8 wholly and integrally over the
upper and lower ends, since the respective portions, that is, the
upper end portion, the intermediate portion and the lower end portion
of the wedge 6 and the left and right expanding members 8 8 are
formed with the same taper angle, it is possible to set the left-and-right
expanding width of the left and right expanding members 8 8 to
a fixed desired value while making the widths of the wedge 6 and
the left and right expanding members 8 8 as compact as possible.
Accordingly, even when the elevating and lowering range of the wedge
6 is set equal to a range of the previously-mentioned conventional
constitution, it is possible to constitute the whole device in a
compact form. Further, it is possible to ensure the sufficient expanding
width and the sufficient expanding stress or force.
[0034] Further, as another embodiment, there may be considered
that by forming a plurality of intermediate expanding portions 13
between the connecting portion 11 and the tip-end expanding portion
14 of the wedge 6 compared to the crusher 1 of the present invention
which is provided with one intermediate expanding portion 13 the
number of the intermediate expanding portions 13 is increased, all
of a plurality of respective tapered surfaces formed on both side
surfaces of the wedge 6 and the respective tapered surfaces of the
plurality of intermediate portions 13 formed on both inner side
surfaces of the left and right expanding members 8 8 have the same
angle .theta., and the left and right expanding members 8 8 and
expanded in parallel in the left and right directions due to a wedge
action. Particularly, since the plurality of intermediate expanding
portions 13 are formed, it is possible to reduce the gap between
the intermediate portion of the left and right expanding members
8 8 and the wedge 6 as much as possible and hence, it is possible
to transmit the expanding stress or force of the left and right
expanding members 8 8 to a contacting object as much as possible
whereby the crushing efficiency is enhanced and, at the same time,
the strength of the left and right expanding members 8 8 is also
reinforced.
[0035] Further, different from the conventional constitution which
forms the contact tapered surfaces between the wedge 6 and the left
and right expanding members 8 8 wholly and integrally over the
upper and lower ends, since the contact tapered surfaces are formed
with the same taper angle at the plurality of portions, it is possible
to set the left-and-right expanding width of the left and right
expanding members 8 8 to a fixed desired value while making the
widths of the wedge 6 and the left and right expanding members 8
8 as compact as possible. Accordingly, even when the elevating and
lowering range of the wedge 6 is set equal to a range of the previously-mentioned
conventional constitution, it is possible to constitute the whole
device in a compact form. Further, it is possible to ensure the
sufficient expanding width and the sufficient expanding stress or
force.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0036] (1) According to the present invention described in claim
1 the crusher of the present invention comprises left and right
expanding members for crushing, a wedge which is sandwiched between
the left and right expanding members and expand the left and right
expanding members, and a hydraulic cylinder which moves the wedge
forward and backward, wherein an inverse-trapezoidal connecting
portion is formed on a proximal end portion of the wedge, spearhead-like
tip-end expanding portions having a spearhead-shaped tip end are
formed on a distal end thereof, spearhead-like intermediate expanding
portions having a spearhead shape are formed on an upstream side
of the tip-end expanding portions, both side surfaces of the connection
portion, tip-end expanding portions, and the intermediate expanding
portions are formed in a tapered surface with the same angle, and
a tapered surface of the same shape as the tapered surface of the
wedge is formed on the inner surfaces of the left and right expanding
members.
[0037] Accordingly, due to the lowering operation of the wedge,
the respective both tapered side surfaces of the wedge in three
stages having the same angle expand the respective both tapered
inner side surfaces of the left and right expanding members in three
stages having the same angle and hence, the proximal portion and
the distal end portion of the left and right expanding members can
be simultaneously expanded with the same expanding width. Accordingly,
the crusher of the present invention can, irrelevant to the opening
or closing of the left and right expanding members, can support
the tapered surfaces at three respective portions of the expanding
members using the tapered surfaces at three portions of the wedge
and hence, the contact area of the respective tapered surfaces is
increased compared to the expanding members which have the tapered
surface only at the distal end portion whereby the crusher exhibits
the excellent property in the strength, the dispersion of the expansion,
the expanding stress or force and the like thus generating the large
crushing force.
[0038] Further, since the contact tapered surfaces between the
wedge and the left and right expanding members are formed at the
respective portions consisting of the upper end portion, the intermediate
portion and the lower end portion with the same taper angle, it
is possible to set the left-and-right expanding width of the left
and right expanding members to a fixed desired width while maintaining
the widths of the wedge and the left and right expanding members
as compact as possible. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the
increase of the width of the wedge, the increase of the elevation
range of the wedge, the increase of the width of the expanding members
and the enlargement of the device attributed to the increase of
the width of the expanding members thus constituting the whole device
in a compact form.
[0039] (2) According to the present invention described in claim
2 a plurality of intermediate expanding portions are formed between
a connecting portion of a wedge proximal end portion and a tip-end
expanding portion and, at the same time, tapered surfaces which
correspond to tapered surfaces of the plurality of intermediate
expanding portions are formed on the inner side surfaces of the
left and right expanding members.
[0040] Accordingly, due to the lowering operation of the wedge,
the plurality of respective both tapered side surfaces of the wedge
having the same angle expand the plurality of respective both tapered
inner side surfaces of the left and right expanding members having
the same angle and hence, the proximal portion and the distal end
portion of the left and right expanding members can be simultaneously
expanded with the same expanding width. Accordingly, the crusher
of the present invention can, irrelevant to the opening or closing
of the left and right expanding members, can support the plurality
of tapered surfaces formed on both inner side surfaces of the expanding
members using the plurality of tapered surfaces formed on both side
surfaces of the wedge and hence, the contact area of the respective
tapered surfaces is increased compared to the expanding members
which have the tapered surface only at the distal end portion whereby
the crusher exhibits the excellent property in the strength, the
dispersion of the expansion, the expanding stress or force and the
like thus generating the large crushing force.
[0041] Further, since the contact tapered surfaces between the
wedge and the left and right expanding members are formed at the
plurality of portions with the same taper angle, it is possible
to set the left-and-right expanding width of the left and right
expanding members to a fixed desired width while maintaining the
widths of the wedge and the left and right expanding members as
compact as possible. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the
increase of the width of the wedge, the increase of the elevation
range of the wedge, the increase of the width of the expanding members
and the enlargement of the device attributed to the increase of
the width of the expanding members thus constituting the whole device
in a compact form.
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