Abstrict A crushing control apparatus for a shearing crusher, which properly
controls the crusher in accordance with kinds of objects to be crushed
and is capable of reliably preventing stop of operation due to excessive
load, clogging and the like, is provided. For this purpose, the
crushing control apparatus includes a mode selecting switch (59)
for selecting a mode according to each kind of the objects to be
crushed, a ROM (33a) for storing a control condition of the rotary
shafts (11 11), which conforms to the mode for each of the mode,
and a controller (33), which reads out the control condition corresponding
to a selected mode from the ROM, when the predetermined mode is
selected by the mode selecting switch, and controls the rotary shafts
to be in the control condition which is read out.
Claims What is claimed is:
1. A crushing control apparatus for a shearing crusher for shearing
and crushing objects to be crushed with cutters by rotating rotary
shafts having the cutters, comprising: mode selecting means for
selecting a mode for each kind of said objects to be crushed; memory
means for storing a control condition of said rotary shafts, which
conforms to the mode, for each of said mode; and control means,
which reads out the control condition corresponding to a selected
mode from said memory means, when the predetermined mode is selected
by said mode selecting means, and controls said rotary shafts to
be in the control condition which is read out.
2. The crushing control apparatus for the shearing crusher according
to claim 1 wherein said mode selecting means selects any one kind
of object to be crushed from straw matting, a tire, and a pallet;
and wherein said control means controls a hydraulic motor for driving
said rotary shafts.
3. The crushing control apparatus for the shearing crusher according
to claim 2 further comprising: a direction control valve for switching
a normal and a reverse rotation directions of said hydraulic motor,
wherein said control means controls a position of said direction
control valve and a holding time in the position.
Description TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a crushing control apparatus
for a shearing crusher, which is used for crushing waste building
materials, waste home electric appliances and the like, and shears
and crushes objects to be crushed by cutters by rotating rotary
shafts having the cutters.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] In demolishing sites, waste sites for home electric appliances
and the like, a self-propelled crushing machine for crushing for
crushing objects to be crushed such as waste building materials
and waste home electric appliances is used conventionally. As for
this crushing machine, the one with a structure, in which a crusher,
a hopper and a power source are provided on a vehicle body including
a set of left and right track type carriers and a discharge conveyor
is provided between the left and right carriers to be able to be
raise and lowered, is generally used. In this self-propelled crushing
machine, the objects to be crushed which are charged into the hopper
is crushed into pieces, and the crushed pieces are discharged onto
the discharge conveyor from a discharge port provided at a bottom
portion of the crusher and are transferred to an outside of the
vehicle body by this discharge conveyor.
[0003] The crusher loaded on the aforesaid crushing machine is
constructed to include a hydraulic pump driven by an engine which
is the power source, rotationally drive a pair of rotary shafts
opposing each other with a hydraulic motor rotated by discharge
pressure oil of this hydraulic pump as a driving source, and crush
an object to be crushed by sandwiching it between cutters which
are attached to the rotary shafts.
[0004] As a prior art, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2002-79135
is known. The self-propelled crushing machine disclosed in Japanese
Patent Laid-open No. 2002-79135 includes a crusher for crushing
objects to be crushed, a working machine such as a feeder for supplying
the objects to be crushed to this crusher, and a carrier apparatus.
Selection means for making it possible to select a working mode
for performing a crushing work by the working machine, a traveling
mode for performing traveling by the carrier apparatus, and an adjustment
mode for performing a clearance adjustment of a crushing section
of the crusher is provided, so that the operation by the working
mode and the traveling mode is made invalid when the adjustment
mode is selected.
[0005] Incidentally, as the objects to be crushed which are processed
especially by a shearing crusher among this type of crushers, there
are actually various kinds of objects such as an objects which comparatively
has tenacity as a tire and easily clogged, an object, which is light
load and easily tangled as straw matting, an object of light load
such as a wooden pallet, an object which is hard such as home electric
appliances made of iron, and the like. However, in the conventional
shearing crushers, the optimal control in accordance with the kinds
of the objects to be crushed is not performed. Consequently, there
arises the problem that when, for example, the objects to be crushed
easily clogged is charged, clogging occurs and the operation of
the crusher is stopped due to excessive load, thus causing reduction
in the working efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention is made to solve the above-described
problem, and has its object to provide a crushing control apparatus
for a shearing crusher, which reliably prevents stop of an operation
due to excessive load, clogging and the like by controlling the
crusher properly in accordance with kinds of objects to be crushed,
and thereby is capable of enhancing working efficiency.
[0007] In order to attain the above-described object, the crushing
control apparatus for the shearing crusher according to the present
invention is: a crushing control apparatus for a sharing crusher
for shearing and crushing objects to be crushed with cutters by
rotating rotary shafts having the cutters; and comprises: mode selecting
means for selecting a mode according to each kind of the objects
to be crushed; memory means for storing a control condition of the
rotary shafts, which conforms to the mode, for each of the mode;
and control means, which reads out the control condition corresponding
to a selected mode from the memory means, when the predetermined
mode is selected by the mode selecting means, and controls the rotary
shafts to be in the control condition which is read out.
[0008] According to the above constitution, when the mode according
to the kinds of the objects to be crushed such as a hard object,
a soft object, a tenacious object, and a long object, for example,
is selected by the mode selection means, the control condition of
the rotary shafts for each mode previously stored in the memory
means is read out, and the rotary shafts are controlled to be always
in the control condition by the control means. The rotary shafts
of the shearing crusher is always controlled under the optimal crushing
condition in accordance with the kinds of the objects to be crushed,
the stop of operation due to excessive load, clogging and the like
can be reliably prevented, thus making it possible to enhance the
working efficiency.
[0009] In the crushing control apparatus: it is preferable that
the mode selecting means selects any one kind of object to be crushed
from straw matting, a tire, and a pallet; and the control means
controls a hydraulic motor for driving the rotary shafts. According
to this constitution, any kind from straw matting or a tire which
has a comparatively large clogging factor, and a pallet which is
wood of low load with comparatively favorable crushability can be
selected by the mode selection means. Consequently, the operation
of the operator is simple and easy, and the stop of operation can
be reliably prevented.
[0010] In the crushing control apparatus: it is preferable that
a direction control valve for switching a normal and a reverse rotation
directions of the hydraulic motor is further included; and the control
means controls a position of the direction control valve and a holding
time in the position. According to this constitution, not only the
rotational speed of the rotary shafts, but also the normal and reverse
rotation directions of the rotary shafts can be switched at each
predetermined time on the occasion of crushing a tenacious object.
As a result, even when clogging occurs in the shearing crusher,
the clogged objects to be crushed or crushed objects can be sheared
and crushed again or dropped and discharged from the shearing crusher,
and therefore the working efficiency can be further enhanced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 is a front view of a self-propelled type crushing
machine loaded with a shearing crusher according to an embodiment
of the present invention;
[0012] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the self-propelled crushing machine
in FIG. 1;
[0013] FIG. 3 is a control system block diagram of the shearing
crusher according to the embodiment;
[0014] FIG. 4 is a detailed block diagram of an operating panel
according to the embodiment;
[0015] FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a multi-monitor according
to the embodiment;
[0016] FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B are views showing monitor screen examples
according to the embodiment, FIG. 6A is a mode according to objects
to be crushed selection menu screen, and FIG. 6B is a tire mode
screen;
[0017] FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are views showing other monitor screen
examples according to the embodiment, FIG. 7A is a straw matting
screen, and FIG. 7B is a pallet mode screen;
[0018] FIG. 8 is a graph showing relationship of hydraulic motor
output shaft torque, hydraulic motor inlet port pressure and a hydraulic
motor rotational frequency, according to the embodiment; and
[0019] FIG. 9 is a map concerning the objects to be crushed, which
is stored in a read only memory.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0020] A preferred embodiment of a crushing control apparatus for
a shearing crusher according to the present invention will be explained
with reference to the drawings.
[0021] In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 a self-propelled crushing machine
1 of this embodiment includes a vehicle body 3 including a set of
left and right track type carriers 2 a crusher 4 mounted to an
area near one end portion in a longitudinal direction on the vehicle
body 3 a power unit 5 mounted to an area near the other end portion
in the longitudinal direction on the vehicle body 3 a discharge
belt conveyor 6 provided between the left and right carriers 2
a cab seat 38 provided between the crusher 4 and the power unit
5 and a magnetic separator 100 provided above the discharge belt
conveyor 6 at an outer side in the longitudinal direction from
the power unit 5. Here, the power unit 5 includes an engine 7 (see
FIG. 3), a hydraulic pump 8 (see FIG. 3) driven by the engine 7.
The vehicle body 3 includes a hydraulic pressure control valve and
the like for controlling oil from the hydraulic pump 8.
[0022] The crusher 4 is a biaxial shearing type in which a pair
of rotary shafts 11 having cutters 10 are rotatably supported horizontally
in the housing 9 and the pair of rotary shafts 11 are constituted
to be rotationally driven by a hydraulic motor 12 driven by the
hydraulic pump 8. A hopper 13 is mounted to an upper part of the
housing 9 so that the objects to be crushed are charged from a
charging port at an upper portion of the hopper 13. The objects
to be crushed charged into the hopper 13 are sheared and crushes
by the rotation of a pair of rotary shafts 11 and the crushed pieces
are dropped on the belt conveyor 6 from an exhaust port formed on
a bottom plate of the housing 9 and discharged.
[0023] As shown in a control system block diagram in FIG. 3 a
discharge oil passage 14 and a return oil passage 15 of he hydraulic
pump 8 driven by the engine 7 are connected to either a first main
circuit 17 or a second main circuit 18 via a direction control valve
16 and discharge pressure from the discharge oil passage 14 is
constituted to be adjusted at predetermined pressure by a relief
valve 19. The first main circuit 17 is connected to a normal rotation
port 20 of the hydraulic motor 12 and the second main circuit 18
is connected to a reverse rotation port 21 of the hydraulic motor
12.
[0024] Thus, when the direction control valve 16 is switched to
a normal rotation position A from a neutral position N in the drawing,
the pressure oil from the discharge oil passage 14 is supplied to
the normal rotation port 20 of the hydraulic motor 12 via the first
main circuit 17. With this, the pressure oil discharged from the
reverse rotation port 21 is returned to a tank 22 via the second
main circuit 18 the direction control valve 16 and the return oil
passage 15 whereby the hydraulic motor 12 is normally rotated.
On the other hand, when the direction control valve 16 is switched
to the reverse rotation position B, the pressure oil from the discharge
oil passage 14 is supplied to the reverse rotation port 21 of the
hydraulic motor 12 via the second main circuit 18. With this, the
pressure oil discharged from the normal rotation port 20 is returned
to the tank 22 via the first main circuit 17 the direction control
valve 16 and the return oil passage 15 whereby the hydraulic motor
12 is reversely rotated.
[0025] The hydraulic pump 8 is a variable displacement pump which
controls the capacity by changing a tilting angle of a swash plate
23 and the tilting angle of the swash plate 23 is changed by a
capacity control member 24 such as a servo cylinder. The capacity
of the hydraulic pump 8 is controlled so that the product of pressure
and a discharge flow amount per one rotation, namely, absorption
torque becomes constant. The hydraulic motor 12 is a variable displacement
motor for controlling the capacity by changing a tilting angle of
a swash plate 25 and the tilting angle of the swash plate 25 is
controlled by a cylinder 26 as a capacity control member. The cylinder
26 is biased in the direction in which the tilting angle of the
swash plate 25 becomes large by a spring 27 included therein, and
when the pressure oil is supplied into a pressure receiving chamber
28 the cylinder 26 is operated in the direction in which the tilting
angle of the swash plate 25 becomes small.
[0026] Discharge oil pressure from a control hydraulic pump 29
is supplied to the pressure receiving chamber 28 of the cylinder
26 via a change-over valve 30. When a solenoid 31 is not energized,
the change-over valve 30 is in a drain position 30a (position shown
in the drawing) by a biasing force of a spring 32 to make the tilting
angle of the swash plate 25 large (rotational speed of the crusher
=Lo: low speed). On the other hand, when the solenoid 31 is energized,
the change-over valve 30 is in a supply position 30b against the
biasing force of the spring 32 to make the tilting angle of the
swash plate 25 small (the rotational speed of the crusher =Hi: high
speed). In this manner, the tilting angle of the swash plate 25
is switched into two stages. The energizing control for the solenoid
31 is performed in accordance with a control signal from a controller
33. The tilting angle of the swash plate 25 may be optionally controlled
(for example, continuously) by making the control signal from the
controller 33 continuously variable without being limited only to
the two-stage switching.
[0027] The direction control valve 16 is always held in the neutral
position N, and when a first solenoid 34 is energized, it is switched
into the normal rotation position A, and when a second solenoid
35 is energized, it is switched into the reverse rotation position
B. The first solenoid 34 and the second solenoid 35 are controlled
in accordance with the control signal from the controller 33. A
first pressure sensor 36 for detecting a hydraulic signal at a high
pressure side, and a second pressure sensor 37 for detecting a hydraulic
signal at a low pressure side are interposed in the first main circuit
17 and an output signal from each of the sensors 36 and 37 is inputted
into the controller 33. An operating panel 39 is provided at the
cab seat 38 (see FIG. 1), so that an operation instruction signal
from the operating panel 39 is inputted into the controller 33.
[0028] The controller 33 is constituted of a central processing
unit (CPU) for executing predetermined program, a read only memory
(ROM) 33a for storing various kinds of maps such as a map corresponding
to this program and the mode according to the objects to be crushed,
a random access memory (RAM) as a working memory necessary to execute
this program, and as various kinds of registers, and a timer for
measuring the time in this program. The read only memory 33a for
storing the maps in this embodiment corresponds to the memory means
in this invention.
[0029] As shown in FIG. 4 in the operating panel 39 an emergency
stop switch 40 a horn switch 41 a key switch 42 and a fuel dial
43 are respectively provided at an upper portion. A multi-monitor
44 a light switch 45 a mode change-over switch 46 for switching
to either a working mode or a traveling mode, a radio control change-over
switch 47 for switching ON/OFF of the radio control, an automatic
cleaning dial 48 for setting the normal rotation time of the rotary
shafts 11 to carry out automatic cleaning of the cutters 10 and
a crusher speed dial 49 for setting the rotational speed of the
rotary shafts 11 are provided at a left side of a lower portion.
Further, a conveyor switch 50 for switching ON/OFF of the belt conveyor
6 a crusher automatic operation switch 51 for switching ON/OFF
of an automatic operation of the crusher, a crusher manual operation
switch 52 for switching ON/OFF of a manual operation of the crusher,
a secondary conveyor switch 53 for switching ON/OFF of a secondary
conveyor (not shown), a magnetic separator switch 54 for switching
ON/OFF of a magnetic separator 100 (see FIG. 1) and the like are
respectively provided at a right side of the lower portion.
[0030] The multi-monitor 44 includes a monitor screen 55 at an
upper portion, and includes various kinds of switches such as a
crusher rotation automatic speed change (AUTO) switch 56 a crusher
rotation Hi fixing switch 57 a crusher rotation Lo fixing switch
58 mode selecting switch 59 and the like at a lower portion. Nine
switches among them are assigned with the functions as numeric keys
of 1 to 9. As the aforesaid numeric keys, the assigned number is
displayed at a portion of a right shoulder of each of them.
[0031] In this embodiment, by a pressing operation of the mode
selecting switch 59 the mode according to the objects to be crushed
of an object to be crushed which is any one of straw matting, a
tire or a pallet can be selected. The energizing control for the
solenoid 31 of the change-over valve 30 and the energizing control
of the solenoids 34 and 35 of the direction control valve 16 are
constituted to be performed corresponding to this mode selection.
In order to realize this control, the crusher rotational speed (rotational
speed of the cutter 10) corresponding to the objects to be crushed,
and the crusher automatic cleaning time (normal rotation time and
reverse rotation time of the cutter 10) are stored in the read only
memory 33a in the controller 33 as the map, as shown in FIG. 9.
By reading this map, each of the solenoids 31 34 and 35 are controlled
to attain a required rotational speed and rotating direction. When
any of the mode according to the objects to be crushed is not selected,
the crusher automatic cleaning dial 48 and the crusher speed dial
49 of the operating panel 39 are manually set, and selection of
any of the crusher rotation automatic speed change (AUTO) switch
56 the crusher rotation Hi fixing switch 57 or the crusher rotation
Lo fixing switch 58 of the multi monitor 44 is manually selected,
whereby the manual mode based on the crusher rotation setting becomes
possible.
[0032] Next, an operation of the crushing control apparatus for
the shearing crusher according to this embodiment will be explained.
For example, when the object to be crushed is a tire, the operator
performs an operation of pressing the mode selecting switch 59
and thereby the monitor screen 55 is switched to the mode according
to the objects to be crushed selection menu screen as shown in FIG.
6A. Next, in this screen, a cursor (colored when selected) is put
on the position of "01 tire mode" by operating an upper
selection switch 60 or a lower selection switch 61 (see FIG. 5),
or the numeric key is operated to enter the numeral corresponding
to each mode according to the objects to be crushed, and then a
confirmation switch 62 (see FIG. 5) is pressed, whereby the monitor
screen 55 is switched to the tire mode screen as shown in FIG. 6B.
In this tire mode screen, the pattern of a tire is displayed at
the upper right, and it is displayed that the crusher rotational
speed is fixed at Lo at the upper left. In the center of this screen,
the operation condition, the load condition and the like of the
crushing machine are displayed.
[0033] When the tire mode is selected by the mode selection switch
59 and the like, the selection signal is inputted into the controller
33. In the controller 33 the map data stored in the ROM 33a is
read, and based on the read data, an energizing signal is transmitted
to the solenoid 31 of the change-over valve 30. As a result, the
change-over valve 30 is in the drain position 30a, the discharge
oil pressure from the control hydraulic pump 29 is not supplied
to the pressure receiving chamber 28 of the cylinder 26 the tilting
angle of the swash plate 25 is set at large (the rotational speed
of the crusher=Lo), and the hydraulic motor 12 is rotated at the
rotational speed "Lo".
[0034] At the same time, based on the aforesaid map data, the energizing
signal to energize the first solenoid 34 for 60 seconds and thereafter
energize the second solenoid 35 for five seconds is transmitted
to each of the solenoids 34 and 35 of the direction change-over
valve 16 from the controller 33. As a result, the pair of rotary
shafts 11 are rotated in the normal rotation direction at the time
of normal rotation of the hydraulic motor 12 thereby crushing the
objects to be crushed, and the rotary shafts 11 are rotated in the
reverse rotation direction after a predetermined time (60 seconds
in the above-describe example), whereby the crushed objects pressed
into a clearance between the cutters 10 and a scraper (not shown)
of the crusher 4 are dropped and discharged. Energizing time of
each of the solenoids 34 and 35 are clocked by a timer included
in the controller 33. The objects to be crushed, which are caught
between the cutters 10 of the biaxial shearing crusher 4 and difficult
to crush, are repeatedly crushed by the reverse rotation and clogging
is prevented.
[0035] Meanwhile, when "02 straw matting mode" is selected
in the mode according to the objects to be crushed selection menu
screen shown in FIG. 6A, the screen is switched to the straw matting
screen (the pattern of a straw mat is shown at the upper right)
shown in FIG. 7A. In this case, based on the map data, the crusher
rotation speed is fixed at Lo, the crusher normal rotation time
is set at 30 seconds and the crusher reverse rotation time is set
at five seconds, and each of the solenoids 31 34 and 35 are controlled
as in the aforesaid tire mode.
[0036] When "03 pallet mode" is selected in the mode
according to the objects to be crushed selection menu screen, the
screen is switched to the pallet mode screen with the pattern of
a pallet being displayed on the upper right as shown in FIG. 7B.
With this, the rotational speed of the crusher is set at "AUTO
speed change" based on the map data. At the time of the AUTO
speed change, the change-over valve 30 is controlled to switch by
the controller 33 in accordance with the oil pressure of the first
main circuit 17 detected by the first pressure sensor 36 and the
second pressure sensor 37 as will be explained next.
[0037] Here, it is assumed that the hydraulic motor 12 is rotated
with the change-over valve 30 being switched into the supply position
30b and the tilting angle of the swash plate 25 being set to be
small, for example. Since the flow amount of the pressure oil required
for the hydraulic motor 12 to make one rotation is small, the hydraulic
motor 12 is rotated at a high speed with small output shalt torque
(see C and D in FIG. 8), and thus the crusher 4 is rotated at a
high speed with low torque. At this time, the pressure of the first
main circuit 17 is the first set pressure P1 (for example, 15 MPa)
or higher, the second pressure sensor 37 at the low pressure side
is ON.
[0038] When the load on the crusher 4 becomes large and the pressure
of the first main circuit 17 becomes the second set pressure P2
(for example, 31 MPa), the first pressure sensor 36 at the high
pressure side performs an ON operation. As a result, passage of
electric current from the controller 33 to the solenoid 31 is shut
off, and the change-over valve 30 is switched into the drain position
30a, which makes the tilting angle of the swash plate 25 large.
As a result of this, the flow amount of the pressure oil required
for the hydraulic motor 12 to make one rotation becomes large, the
hydraulic motor 12 is rotated at a low speed with the output shaft
torque being large (see E and F in FIG. 8), and the crusher 4 is
rotated at a low speed with high torque. At this time, the pressure
of the first main circuit 17 reduces to be lower than the second
set pressure P2.
[0039] When the load of the crusher 4 decreases in this state,
then the pressure of the first main circuit 17 is reduced to be
lower than the first set pressure P1 and the second pressure sensor
37 at the low pressure side is OFF, the energizing signal is transmitted
to the solenoid 31 from the controller 33 and the change-over valve
30 is switched into the supply position 30b to set the tilting angle
of the swash plate 25 to be small. In this manner, the hydraulic
motor 12 is rotated at a high speed with output shaft torque being
small, and the crusher 4 is rotated at a high speed with low torque.
[0040] In this manner, the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor
12 is automatically switched to the Lo position and the Hi position
in accordance with the pressure of the first main circuit 17 in
other words, in accordance with the load of the crusher 4. In this
pallet mode, wood which is a comparatively low load is handled,
the crusher normal rotation time is set at 60 seconds, and the crusher
reverse rotation time is set at five seconds, respectively.
[0041] As described above, according to this embodiment, the operator
operates the mode selecting switch 59 and the like, and selects
any one of the kinds of the objects to be crushed which are straw
matting, a tire and a pallet, the control condition of the rotating
shafts 11 for each mode, which is stored in the map in the controller
33 in accordance with the kinds of the objects to be crushed, is
read out. Then, the rotational speed of the rotating shafts 11 and
the normal and reverse rotation time are controlled, whereby the
crusher 4 is always controlled to be under the optimal crushing
condition (the rotational speed and the normal and reverse rotation
time) in accordance with the kinds which are straw matting and a
tire having a comparatively large factor of clogging, and a pallet
being wood of light load with comparatively favorable crushability.
As a result, stop of operation due to excessive load, clogging and
the like can be reliably prevented. Accordingly, crushing efficiency
can be enhanced, the operation of the operator is simple and easy,
and in addition to this, stop of operation can be reliably prevented.
[0042] In this embodiment, the case in which the kind of the objects
to be crushed is any one of straw matting, a tire or a pallet is
explained, but the kinds of the objects to be crushed are not limited
to these, and the other kinds of objects can be added and map data
can be added corresponding to their qualities. In this embodiment,
the crusher which shears and crushes the objects to be crushed by
rotating a pair of rotary shafts opposing each other is explained,
but the number of rotary shafts may be one, or three or more. Further,
in this embodiment, the swash plate type hydraulic motor is used,
but it goes without saying that the present invention is also applicable
to a system having a bent axis type hydraulic motor. |