Abstrict A hair treating device is disclosed in the form of a roller or
curler and provided with a unitary, porous body of desiccant for
adsorbing or desorbing water. The desiccant body is a sintered composite
of granules of desiccant, such as silica gel, and a binder comprising
particles of a high temperature organic polymeric material, such
as nylon. The roller is provided with a heat storage core and with
a suitable cover. It is effective to accelerate hair drying and
to produce longer lasting curls with improved softness and finish.
Claims The embodiments of the present invention in which an exclusive
property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A hair treating device adapted to receive a hank of hair, said
device including a porous body comprised of an array of granules
of desiccant and particles of an organic polymeric binder attached
to said granules with certain of said particles bridging between
contiguous granules and bonding therebetween at discrete regions
throughout the body to form a self-sustaining body, said particles
of binder having a smaller size than the desiccant granules, said
granules defining interstices which open into each other between
said bonded regions for admission of water vapor to the surface
of granules in the interior of said porous body, and a cover disposed
over the exterior of said porous body, said cover being permeable
to water vapor.
2. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said body is a hollow
cylinder.
3. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said desiccant is
a silica gel and said polymeric material is a nylon.
4. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said body is plate-like,
and means for attaching said body to a hair roller supporting a
hank of hair, with said body partially surrounding said hank of
hair.
5. The invention as defined in claim 2 wherein the wall of said
hollow cylinder has a thickness of at least 3/16 inch.
6. The invention as defined in claim 3 wherein the silica gel granules
are in the size range of 8 to 60 mesh and the bonding regions are
formed of a nylon powder having a particle size less than 200 mesh.
7. The invention as defined in claim 2 wherein said cylindrical
array is a hollow cylinder, a core being disposed within said hollow
cylinder and in engagement with the inner wall of said body.
8. The invention as defined in claim 7 wherein said core is a cylindrical
body of a nylon.
9. The invention as defined in claim 8 wherein said cylindrical
body of a nylon defines an axially extending passage adapted to
receive a removable heater element.
Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to hair treating devices of the general
type usually referred to as hair rollers or hair curlers. More particularly,
the invention relates to such hair treating devices which are adapted
to either dry or moisten the hair and simultaneously impart a lasting
curl to the hair.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Hair treating devices, especially for curling hair, are well known
in the form of "rollers" which are typically cylindrical
mandrels or bobbins of such size that a hank of hair may be wound
thereon for shaping and drying purposes. Such rollers have been
fabricated in a wide variety of shapes, sizes and materials and
have been widely used for both professional and in-the-home hair
treatment. Since the advent of such devices, means have been sought
for accelerating the drying of wet hair on the rollers and for obtaining
a curl having enhanced characteristics of softness and permanence.
The acceleration of drying with hair rollers has been accomplished
by apparatus which forces heated air over the roller-supported hair,
usually with the aid of an air circulating bonnet. This forced air
bonnet apparatus is known to be undesirably confining and uncomfortable
for the user. In the professional hair salon the person receiving
the hair treatment is usually seated under such a dryer until the
desired degree of dryness is achieved. In home treatment, a portable
hair dryer is commonly used which requires a connection to the electrical
outlet to energize the portable heater and blower and hence the
person is confined to a small area of movement.
There has been much effort by others to provide means for accelerating
hair drying on rollers without a forced air bonnet to thereby allow
the user complete freedom of movement during the drying period.
It has been proposed, for example, to incorporate exothermic materials
into hair rollers so that wetting of the material produces a reaction
which generates heat and accelerates drying of the hair. Such devices
are disclosed, for example, in the U.S. Pat. No. 2074816 granted
Mar. 23 1937 to Trotter, and U.S. Pat. No. 2630809 granted Mar.
10 1953 to Lewis et al. Exothermic rollers have not gained significant
acceptance, presumably because of the difficulty in controlling
the temperature of the device.
Another prior art approach to accelerated hair drying is represented
by preheated rollers. Such devices usually are provided with a heat
retaining member inside the roller and heat is stored in the member
prior to use. The heat may be put into the roller by immersing the
same into heated liquid or by so-called dry heat from electrical
heaters. A preheated roller for simultaneously drying and curling
is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3705974 granted Dec. 12 1972 to
Nilsson. Such preheated rollers function primarily to drive the
water from the hair directly into the surrounding air in the form
of water vapor. This process causes drying to proceed at a rate
determined largely by the roller temperature and the ambient conditions.
Consequently, the results achieved are not consistent from time
to time, even with a given user. Preheated rollers, known as "hot
rollers", have been used extensively in recent years for setting
of dry hair. Such rollers are not intended for drying wet hair.
An example of a hot roller is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3541302
granted Nov. 17 1970 to Makino.
The use of desiccant in a hair roller has been proposed for the
purpose of accelerating the drying time. It is known, for example,
to construct a roller with a tubular body and fill the central passage
of the body with a loose granular desiccant. Such an arrangement
is shown in the U.S. Pat. No. 3431917 granted to M. F. Harris
on Mar. 11 1969. It is also known in the prior art to provide a
spool shaped roller body and fill the annular space between the
spool flanges with desiccant, as disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No.
Re. 27033 granted Jan. 19 1971 to H. Mitsumoto. The use of desiccant
in powder or particle form poses a problem in containment thereof,
and it is believed that this is one reason that such devices have
not gained commercial acceptance. Certain of the prior art disclosures
of desiccant type rollers describe a desiccant body comprised of
powder or particles of desiccant which are somehow held together
to form a selfsustaining body. This arrangement is disclosed in
the U.S. Pat. No. 2646053 granted to M. F. Harris on July 21
1953 and in U.S. Pat. No. 3175562 granted to C. F. Reed on Mar.
30 1965. Also such a structure is alluded to in the above-cited
Mitsumoto patent. Molded desiccant bodies, as heretofore proposed,
have not gained acceptance, presumably because the prior art techniques
for binding desiccant granules resulted in ineffective or inefficient
structures for acceleration of the hair drying process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The objective of this invention is to provide a hair roller which
dries the hair, with or without the aid of forced heated air, in
less time than heretofore required and to produce consistently a
desirably soft and longer lasting curl of good finish without hair
damage, split-ends or "frizz"; the hair roller is to be
adapted for use with or without the use of hot forced air and is
to be of simple, inexpensive structure which is easy to use, noiseless
in operation and adapted to allow the user complete freedom of movement.
Further, the roller being adapted for repeated usage without deterioration
in usage or performance.
According to this invention, there is provided a hair treating
device which comprises a self-sustaining, unitary, porous body comprised
of bonded granules of desiccant. When embodied in a roller, the
desiccant body constitutes the principal component of the roller
and desirably serves as the support structure on which the hair
is rolled and as a drying agent for the hair. It has been found
that a rigid body of desiccant, properly disposed relative to the
wet hair, contributes more to the drying process than the mere adsorption
of water. In a preferred form, the desiccant body is a sintered
composite comprised of noncompacted desiccant granules bonded together
at discrete regions. Preferred materials are silica gel granules
bonded by an organic polymer, such as a nylon, the nylon being in
the form of particles many times smaller than the silica gel granules.
The desiccant body is of unitary character and highly porous; it
exhibits good structural properties without impairment of the adsorption
properties of the gel and is of lower bulk density than loose desiccant.
The drying and curling of the hair using the sintered desiccant
of this invention is greatly improved by imparting heat to the sintered
desiccant, preferably at a predetermined or controlled rate. This
is accomplished by providing the hair treating device with a heat
storage means so that the desiccant operates at an elevated temperature
for a given time period. The heat storage means preferably takes
the form of a core disposed within a hollow cylinder of sintered
desiccant and in engagement therewith, the core being of a material
having a high thermal capacity. The core, in one embodiment, is
a cylinder of nylon and may define an axial passage adapted to receive
a removable member for preheating of the core.
In accordance with this invention, the principal mechanism involved
in drying of hair on a roller is that of evaporation and removal
of water in vapor form. Accordingly, heat transfer to the hair on
the roller plays a governing role and this, in the inventive device,
is provided by controlled heat transfer from the core through the
sintered desiccant. As indicated above, the wet hair may be wound
directly upon the sintered desiccant body. Moreover, the heat transfer
property of the sintered desiccant body, as distinguished from the
prior art devices, is such that it can be touched and handled without
discomfort by the user at the desired preheated elevated temperature.
Nevertheless, for reasons of appearance and texture, it may be desired
to cover the outer surface of the sintered body.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A more complete understanding of this invention may be obtained
from the detailed description that follows, taken with the accompanying
drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a sintered desiccant body;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view, partially in section, of
the sintered desiccant body;
FIG. 3 shows a hair roller in accordance with this invention incorporating
the sintered desiccant body;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the hair roller of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an external curler embodying
this invention and disposed over a roller with a hank of hair therebetween;
and
FIG. 6 is a view taken on lines 6--6 of FIG. 5.
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown an illustrative embodiment
of the invention in a hair treating device especially adapted for
simultaneous rapid drying and curling of hair. As discussed above,
the subject invention may be embodied in a device which takes the
general form of a hair roller or curler; the principal purpose is
to shape a hank of hair to a desired contour, usually a wave or
a curl. In effecting this purpose, the hair is usually wet and is
to be dried concurrently with the shaping of the hank of hair. As
will appear subsequently, however, it is not uncommon to add moisture
in some manner from the curlers to hair that is already dry in order
to reshape it, and the device of the subject invention may be used
for that purpose. Although the subject invention may be used for
hair treatment in different ways, it will be described herein primarily
with reference to its hair drying capability since this is one of
the most vexing problems in the art of hair treatment.
The hair treating device of this invention is shown in one embodiment
in FIGS. 1 through 4. Referring first to FIGS. 3 and 4 the device,
in the form of a hair roller, will be described in general terms.
The hair roller comprises a sintered desiccant body 10 of hollow
cylindrical shape. The roller is provided with a heat storage core
20 of cylindrical shape and a cover 30 of thin sheet-like construction.
The core 20 defines a bore 50 which is adapted to receive a heating
element or pin for imparting heat to the core 20. A more detailed
description of the roller follows.
The desiccant body of this invention, adapted for use in a hair
roller, is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The desiccant body, for this
purpose, is in the form of a hollow cylinder and is entirely self-sustaining.
A preferred process for making the desiccant body will be described
in detail below; at this point, the structural aspects of the body
will be described in detail with only general reference to the process
of making the body. The structural description will be given with
reference to the desiccant body illustrated for use in a hair roller.
The desiccant body is a sintered composite body which comprises
a mixture of granules of desiccant and particles of binder. The
entire hollow cylinder 10 of FIG. 1 is constructed of the sintered
composite materials and an enlarged fragmentary view of the internal
structure is shown in FIG. 2. The body comprises a mass of granules
12 of a desiccant, such as silica gel, and the granules are held
together by particles 14 of binder, such as a nylon, between contiguous
granules of desiccant. Each granule 12 is of irregular shape and
the granules are assembled to form the desired overall hollow cylindrical
shape by means of a retaining form or mold. The granules are preferably
assembled loosely, i.e. the only compaction force being the weight
of the granules, so that the granules form an array with discrete
points of engagement between contiguous granules. This leaves voids
or interstices 16 separating the granules throughout the array.
Such interstices open into each other so that there is communication
between adjacent interstices and communication between any two interstices
in the body. Each of the particles 14 of the binder is attached
to discrete surface areas of contiguous granules with the particles
14 bridging between the granules. There are also particles 18 which
are disposed on the surface of the granules and attached to one
granule only. Such particles 18 serve no useful purpose but occur
in the body 10 as a result of the preferred method of making the
body, as will be understood from the detailed process description
given hereinafter.
In the preferred embodiment of the sintered body, the desiccant
granules are silica gel and the binder is a nylon powder. Other
desiccants including activated alumina and bauxite are also suitable;
other thermoplastic binders, also of organic polymeric material
which may be used in powder or particulate form are those like polycarbonate
and polyvinylchloride that have a melting point above approximately
260.degree. F. The desiccant is comprised of granules substantially
all of which are in the size range from 8 to 60 mesh, Tyler. A preferred
granule size for a given body in a hair roller is comprised of granules
in the size range from 12 mesh to 28 mesh. The binder powder of
organic polymeric material is preferably of a particle size of 200
mesh or smaller. In the preferred embodiment the aforementioned
size ranges for desiccant granules and binder particles results
in a typical desiccant granule having a diametral dimension on the
order of 1000 microns whereas a typical binder particle would have
a diametral dimension on the order of 100 microns. A preferred silica
gel is Davison silica gel grade 408 available from the Davison Chemical
Division of W. R. Grace Company of Baltimore, Md.; a preferred nylon
powder is Nylon 11 which is available from E. I. Dupont De Nemours
of Wilmington, Del. The preferred sinter formulation is that which
provides complete bonding of the desiccant granules with the smallest
amount of binder so that the maximum sinter porosity and lowest
bulk density are attained. With the Davison silica gel grade 408
and the Nylon 11 the preferred ratio of ingredients is 5 parts by
weight of gel to 1 part by weight of nylon powder. Preferably, a
quantity of water, from three to ten percent by weight, is added
to the mixture to aid distribution of the binder particles during
forming of the body. The formulation may be varied somewhat with
particle size and specific gravity of the desiccant.
Desiccant body 10 for use in a hair roller, may be fabricated
in a wide range of sizes. For example, the length of a roller may
range from 11/2 inches to 31/2 inches with an outside diameter ranging
from 1/2 inch up to 4 inches. The wall of the cylindrical desiccant
body should be at least 3/16 inch thick to obtain best performance
in a hair roller, regardless of the other dimensions of the desiccant
body. Wall thicknesses greater than 3/16 inch do not adversely affect
performance of the desiccant body in a hair roller.
As stated above, the hair roller also comprises a heat storage
core 20. The function of the core 20 is to accept heat from an external
source and to transfer such heat to the sintered desiccant body
at a predetermined rate. The core 20 is preferably constructed of
a nylon, such as Nylon 11 and thus has a high specific heat and
a relatively low specific gravity. This provides the maximum heat
retention properties with the smallest weight. The core 20 is provided
with the bore 50 so that the roller may be heated in a known manner
by placing the roller over a heating element (not shown) in the
form of a pin which fits within the bore. The core 20 is suitably
cylindrical in external configuration and it forms an interface
with the inner surface of the desiccant body 10. At the interface
the desiccant body and the core are in intimate engagement with
each other and are bonded by the binder particles 14 and 18 which
are disposed at the interface. This intimate engagement provides
heat transfer from the core to the desiccant body. The core may
be made of other materials, including other thermoplastics such
as polycarbonate. It should, however, have a specific heat in the
range of about 0.5 to 0.6 calories per gram. It should also have
a softening point in excess of 300.degree. F. so that it can withstand
the temperature of the pre-heating and regeneration operation, as
described later, and the temperature of the heating element.
Although the cover 30 is not necessary from a functional standpoint,
it is desirable for the sake of appearance and texture. The cover
30 comprises a sheet-like material of woven fabric and is stretched
over the surface of the sintered desiccant body. The cover 30 is
suitably made from a rectangular sheet wrapped around the body and
the edges are joined at a seam by an adhesive. If desired, the ends
of the sintered body may be coated to provide a smooth surface.
A suitable coating material is an epoxy resin, colored if desired
by pigment in the resin.
PERFORMANCE AND USE OF HAIR ROLLER WITH SINTERED DESICCANT BODY
In the use of the hair roller just described, the roller is preheated
and regenerated, prior to each application to the hair. The roller,
along with others of various sizes in a set of such rollers, may
be heated in a conventional heater for hair rollers. Such apparatus
is preferably of the type which is provided with heating pins adapted
to mate with the bores of the rollers, and is preferably of the
type which is also provided with rigorous flow of air among the
rollers, although a conventional oven heater may also be used. The
rollers are heated to a temperature above the boiling point of water,
such as about 260.degree. F. At this temperature, the desiccant
body is quickly and completely regenerated, i.e. the adsorbed water
is driven off so that practically no water remains in the desiccant.
Also, the temperature of the core 20 is increased to the same temperature
and thus serves to store heat for use in the treatment of the hair.
Heating and regeneration of the rollers to the desired temperature
may require a period of time ranging from 5 minutes to 45 minutes
depending upon the heating capacity and efficiency of the apparatus
used and the amount of water previously adsorbed. After the desired
temperature has been achieved, the heated roller is ready for application
to the hair.
As soon as heating of the roller is terminated a very high temperature
gradient will develop across the radial dimension of the desiccant
body near its outer surface. This obtains because the desiccant
body is a poor thermal conductor due to the low density of the granules
and the low bulk density of the body coupled with the fact that
it has a discontinuous or porous surface. Within a fraction of a
minute after heating is terminated the roller can be handled by
bare fingers without discomfort even though all but the surface
is at a temperature in excess of the boiling point of water. The
sintered body thus acts as an insulator and impedes heat transfer
from the core so that heat flow therefrom is regulated. Typically,
the roller will be applied to wet hair of the user where the desired
treatment is drying and curling of the hair. When the roller is
first applied to the hair water vapor will be produced at a rapid
rate. The region immediately surrounding the roller and the tress
of hair thereon is permeated by the water vapor generated from the
wet hair by the heat released from the roller. This water vapor
is preferentially taken up by the desiccant and is also dispersed
into the surrounding atmosphere at a rate dependent upon air movement,
temperature and humidity.
The water vapor taken up by the desiccant body is, to a large extent,
independent of the conditions of the surrounding atmosphere and
is dependent primarily upon the available surface area of the desiccant
material and the temperature of the desiccant material and the moisture
content thereof. Stated otherwise, the desiccant will adsorb water
vapor provided that the ratio of partial pressure of the vapor in
the air to the saturation value (i.e. the relative humidity) is
greater than the same ratio (i.e. the fugacity) in the desiccant.
The rate of adsorption increases with the difference between relative
humidity of the air and fugacity of water in the desiccant. Both
of these decrease with temperature but the relative humidity decreases
faster with increasing temperature than does the fugacity of water
in the desiccant. Accordingly, the desiccant body of the roller
is conditioned to take on a large quantity of water vapor at a relatively
high rate by reason of the initial high temperature and low water
content thereof and the initial high water content of the air surrounding
the hair. The temperature of the desiccant body is maintained at
an elevated level by the transfer of heat from the heat storage
core 20 over a period of about one hour. At a later time, the hair
having become drier and the core and desiccant being cooler, the
rate of adsorbtion of water vapor by the desiccant decreases and
eventually becomes negative, vapor then passing out of the desiccant,
through the air spaces between the hair and out to the atmosphere,
or through the cap to the atmosphere. Since the granules of desiccant
are separated by interstitial spaces which open into each other,
the water vapor is allowed to reach granules throughout the desiccant
body. The granules in the region near the core remain very hot for
a period up to thirty minutes and initially exhibit a slightly lower
capacity for taking up water vapor whereas those near the outer
surface, being initially cooler, do the bulk of the adsorbing. Hence,
the upper limit of the useful thickness of the desiccant body. It
is noted that the heat of adsorption which is incident to the adsorption
process is negligible in comparison with the quantity of heat supplied
by the heat storage core.
As to the available surface area of the desiccant, the structural
array of the granules 12 of desiccant, as described above with reference
to FIG. 2 is of great significance. The available surface area
comprises the external surface area and the very much greater internal
surface area of the pores therein. Individual granules 12 have only
a very small percentage of their external surface area covered by
particles 14 and 18 of the binder. It has been found that adequate
binding is achieved by a ratio of 5 to 1 by weight of desiccant
to binder; this ratio of weights results in covering of less than
two percent of the surface area of the desiccant. (A small surface
coverage is partially due to the use of a binder which does not
wet the desiccant and to the use of a sintering temperature lower
than the melting point but higher than the softening point of the
binder. A sintering temperature of 460.degree. F. is preferred with
Nylon 11 which has a softening point of 284.degree. F. and a melting
point of 482.degree. F.) Further, since the granules 12 of desiccant
are attached by the binder particles at discrete points, the interstitial
spaces 16 open into each other and allow water vapor to reach granules
located anywhere in the array, and in particular in the region near
the core, where the desiccant granules remain for periods of up
to 30 minutes at a temperature in excess of the boiling point of
water, even though the surface granules are at a substantially lower
temperature throughout the drying period.
The roller embodying the sintered desiccant body is capable of
consistent performance over many hundreds of cycles of use. The
sintered desiccant body retains the granules in fixed relative positions
and hence there is no abrasion among the granules with resultant
"dusting" as in the case of loose desiccant granules.
Consequently, there is no problem of containment and no loss of
available desiccant surface area. The desiccant does not deteriorate
physically or chemically as a result of temperature cycling and
is insoluble in water and in typical hair sprays and rinses. Additionally,
it is nondeliquescent, chemically inert and nontoxic.
The hair roller, as described above, is effective to accelerate
drying of the hair, with or without the aid of forced heated air
or other auxiliary devices. The treatment of the hair as described
imparts a soft and long lasting curl to the hair.
The hair roller embodying the solid desiccant body, in addition
to its use for drying and curling the hair, is also useful for treating
dry hair where it is desired to merely set the hair without previous
washing or wetting. For this purpose, the roller is heated to the
desired temperature, such as 260.degree. F., and fine water droplets
are dispersed onto its surface, so that the desiccant adsorbs a
predetermined quantity of water vapor; the surface of the roller
is thereby cooled to the boiling point of water, but only to a limited
depth. The roller is then placed on the dry hair and kept in place
for a period of time, such as 20 to 40 minutes, during which the
hair, being hygroscopic in character, will, at first, rapidly take
on water vapor from the desiccant, and then behave as if it had
been previously washed or wetted. This moisturizing of the hair,
coupled with the elevated temperature, will cause the hair to take
a set. Thus when the roller is removed a soft and long-lasting curl
will be imparted to the hair.
EXTERNAL CURLER WITH DESICCANT SINTERED BODY
Another embodiment of the hair treating device of this invention
is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. In this embodiment, a sintered desiccant
body is provided in an external curler. As shown, the external curler
60 is of semi-cylindrical configuration and is adapted to be clamped,
or otherwise held over a hank of hair 62 wound on a roller 64. The
curler comprises a sintered desiccant body 66 and a sintered desiccant
body 68 which are arcuate in cross-section and have an axial length
approximately the same as the roller. The sintered desiccant bodies
66 and 68 are of the same internal structure and composition as
the sintered desiccant body described with reference to the embodiment
of FIGS. 1 through 4. The arcuate sintered bodies 60 and 68 are
self-sustaining and constitute a rigid structure. In order to allow
for opening of the curler, i.e. enlargement of the open portion
thereof, so that it can be disposed over the hank of hair on the
roller, the sintered desiccant bodies 66 and 68 are hingedly connected
with each other. This is provided by means of a support frame 70
which is constructed of spring sheet metal of semi-cylindrical shape.
The sintered desiccant bodies 66 and 68 are supported internally
of the frame 70 and held in place by an adhesive. The frame also
is provided with handles 74 which are suitably formed by a struck-out
portion of the frame and bent outwardly therefrom in opposed relation
to each other. The frame 70 engages the sintered desiccant bodies
66 and 68 only at the peripheral portions thereof, in the manner
of a window frame, so that only small surface areas of the bodies
are covered by the frame. The sintered desiccant bodies 66 and 68
are thus hingedly mounted relative to each other by the flexible
spring frame. The external curler 60 may be opened by pressing the
handles 74 toward each other and is reclosed upon release of the
handles and return of the spring to its unflexed position for clamping
the curler over the roller. The inner surface, or if desired, the
entire surface area of the sintered desiccant bodies 66 and 68 may
be covered with a suitable sheet-like material (not shown) as described
above in connection with the embodiment of FIGS. 1 through 4.
The external curler may be provided with an outer covering or curler
cap. Such a covering includes a double layer, open-cell foam. This
includes an inner layer 76 preferably a hydrophobic polyester open-cell
foam and an outer layer 78 preferably a hydrophilic polyester open-cell
foam. The foam layers 76 and 78 are formed with closed ends and
are secured to each other, as by adhesive or heat bonding, around
the peripheral edges thereof. The foam layers are secured to the
frame 70 by an adhesive.
The performance and use of the external curler embodying the inventive
sintered desiccant body is the same as that described with respect
to the roller of FIGS. 1 through 4 and will not be repeated here.
PROCESS OF MAKING A SINTERED DESICCANT BODY
In making the sintered desiccant body, the body is formed to the
desired configuration in a split, hollow, cylindrical mold without
compaction of the mix except that exerted by its own weight. The
mold is preferably made of polytetraflouroethylene, since this material
provides good release of the molded part, and, of course, readily
withstands the sintering temperatures. The mold may, however, be
made of metal and provided with a suitably treated surface, such
as a spray coating of a fluorinated polyethylene.
Dry silica gel, such as Davison Chemical grade 408 is prepared
by adding water, preferably by steaming, in an amount equal to 3%
to 10% of the dry gel. Nylon 11 powder, equal to one fifth the weight
of the dry silica gel, is added to the moistened silica gel and
agitated by a shaker until the mix is substantially homogeneous.
If the sintered desiccant body is to be used with a core, such as
the nylon core of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 through 4 the core
is positioned initially in the mold. The prepared mixture of desiccant
and binder is then poured into the mold and the mold is filled without
tamping or shaking.
To sinter the mixture, the mold is placed into an oven which has
been preheated to about 460.degree. F. The sintering time is approximately
one-half hour. The proper degree of curing is indicated by the tackiness;
in addition the mixture will feel soft to a probe. The mold is removed
and allowed to cool at room temperature. When the mix feels hard
to a probe the sintered body can be removed from the mold. A properly
sintered and cured body exhibits a somewhat rough but not crumbly
surface.
Although the description of this invention has been given with
reference to particular embodiments thereof, it is not to be construed
in a limiting sense. Many variations and modifications will now
occur to those skilled in the art. For a definition of the invention
reference is made to the appended claims.
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