Abstrict
A radiant electric heater (2) for use in an oven (4) comprises
a base layer (8) of thermal insulation material, at least one heating
element (12) supported relative to the base layer (8), and a peripheral
wall (16) of thermal insulation material. A covering sheet (20)
of fabric material overlies the at least one heating element (12)
and the peripheral wall (16) and an apertured member (26) overlies
the covering sheet (20). Spacer means (22; 24; 32), such as in the
form of an air gap or a substantially moisture-impermeable component,
or a substantially moisture non-absorbent component, is provided
between the covering sheet (20) and the apex (18) of the peripheral
wall (16) and/or between the covering sheet (20) and the apertured
member (26).
Claims
1. A radiant electric heater (2) comprising: a base layer (8) of
thermal insulation material; at least one heating element (12) supported
relative to the base layer (8); a peripheral wall (16) of thermal
insulation material; a covering sheet (20) of fabric material overlying
the at least one heating element (12) and the peripheral wall (16);
and an apertured member (26) overlying the covering sheet (20),
characterised in that spacer means (22; 24; 32) is provided between
the peripheral wall (16) and the apertured member (26).
2. A radiant electric heater as claimed in claim 1, characterised
in that the apertured member (26) comprises a perforated sheet (28)
of material selected from metal, ceramic and other suitable refractory
material.
3. A radiant electric heater as claimed in claim 1, characterised
in that the apertured member (26) comprises a lattice arrangement
(30) of material selected from metal, ceramic and other suitable
refractory material.
4. A radiant electric heater as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised
in that the spacer means (22; 24) is provided between the covering
sheet (20) and the peripheral wall (16).
5. A radiant electric heater as claimed in any preceding claim,
characterised in that the spacer means (32) is provided between
the covering sheet (20) and the apertured member (26).
6. A radiant electric heater as claimed in any preceding claim,
characterised in that the spacer means (22; 24; 32) is selected
from means comprising an air gap (22), a substantially moisture-impermeable
component (24), and a substantially moisture non-absorbent component
(24).
7. A radiant electric heater as claimed in claim 6, characterised
in that the component (24) comprises a ceramic material.
8. A radiant electric heater as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterised
in that the component (24) is of ring form.
9. A radiant electric heater as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterised
in that the component (24) is of sheet form
10. A radiant electric heater as claimed in any preceding claim,
characterised in that the peripheral wall (16) has an apex (18).
11. A radiant electric heater as claimed in any preceding claim,
characterised in that the peripheral wall (16) comprises microporous
thermal insulation material.
12. A radiant electric heater as claimed in any preceding claim,
characterised in that the base layer (8) comprises microporous thermal
insulation material.
13. A radiant electric heater as claimed in any preceding claim,
characterised in that the peripheral wall (16) is integral with
the base layer (8).
14. A radiant electric heater as claimed in any preceding claim,
characterised in that the base layer (8) and the peripheral wall
(16) are provided in a dish-like support (6).
15. A radiant electric heater as claimed in claim 14, characterised
in that the dish-like support (6) comprises metal.
16. A radiant electric heater as claimed in any preceding claim,
characterised in that the fabric of the covering sheet (20) comprises
glass filaments.
17. A radiant electric heater as claimed in any preceding claim,
characterised in that the fabric of the covering sheet (20) comprises
ceramic filaments.
18. A radiant electric heater as claimed in claim 16 or 17, characterised
in that the filaments are of a form selected from woven, knitted
and mat form in the fabric.
19. A radiant electric heater as claimed in any preceding claim,
characterised in that the at least one heating element (12) comprises
heating elements selected from wire, ribbon, foil and lamp form.
Description [0001] This invention relates to a radiant electric heater of the
type in which one or more radiant electric heating elements is or
are supported relative to a base of thermal insulation material
which may particularly be microporous thermal insulation material.
For example, the invention relates to such a heater for use in cooking
appliances, such as ovens, especially microwave ovens.
[0002] In GB-A-2 331 688, a radiant electric heater is described
which is particularly applicable to grills and ovens, such as microwave
ovens, and in which a heating element is supported relative to a
base of thermal insulation material, such as microporous thermal
insulation material, provided in a dish-like support. A peripheral
wall of thermal insulation material is provided, which may be integral
with the base.
[0003] A covering sheet in the form of a fabric comprising glass
or ceramic filaments overlies the heater in contact with the peripheral
wall and an apertured sheet, such as of metal, is provided overlying,
and in contact with, the covering sheet.
[0004] The covering sheet serves to prevent particulates, such
as splattered food particles, which may be emitted during cooking
of food, from entering the heater and contaminating the heating
element and/or the base layer. It also prevents any loose particles
of thermal insulation material of the base in the heater from falling
into a cooking cavity and contaminating food therein, particularly
when the heater is installed in a top wall of an oven or grill.
[0005] The apertured sheet, such as of metal, minimises risk of
mechanical damage to the covering sheet and internal components
of the heater, such as during cleaning of an appliance incorporating
the heater. When of metal, it also serves as a microwave radiation
screen when the heater is installed in a microwave oven.
[0006] A problem has arisen, particularly when such a heater is
provided as a grill heater in a microwave oven, or in an oven including
convection heating. In practice, a grill heater provided in such
an oven may receive infrequent use.
[0007] When microwave or convection heating is used without simultaneous
operation of the grill heater, the relatively cold grill heater
becomes exposed to water vapour issuing from food being cooked.
Such water vapour passes through the apertured sheet, such as of
metal, overlying the grill heater and condenses on the inside of
this apertured sheet. The apertured sheet is in contact with the
covering sheet of the fabric comprising glass or ceramic filaments
which is, in turn, in contact with the peripheral wall of the thermal
insulation material.
[0008] The water vapour condensing on the apertured sheet is wicked
by the fabric covering sheet into the peripheral wall of thermal
insulation material. Particularly when the peripheral wall comprises
microporous thermal insulation, absorption of water therein results
in permanent damage to the structure of the insulation material.
This is in contrast to exposure of the insulation material to water
vapour, which does not result in damage to the structure of the
insulation material.
[0009] It is an object of the present invention to overcome or
minimise this problem.
[0010] According to the present invention there is provided a radiant
electric heater comprising: a base layer of thermal insulation material;
at least one heating element supported relative to the base layer;
a peripheral wall of thermal insulation material; a covering sheet
of fabric material overlying the at least one heating element and
the peripheral wall; and an apertured member overlying the covering
sheet, wherein spacer means is provided between the peripheral wall
and the apertured member.
[0011] The apertured member may comprise a perforated sheet or
a lattice arrangement, of metal, ceramic or other suitable refractory
material.
[0012] Spacer means may be provided between the covering sheet
and the peripheral wall and/or between the covering sheet and the
apertured member.
[0013] The spacer means may comprise an air gap or a substantially
moisture-impermeable or substantially moisture non-absorbent component,
such as of a ceramic material. Such component may be of ring or
sheet form.
[0014] The peripheral wall may have an apex.
[0015] The peripheral wall and optionally the base layer may comprise
microporous thermal insulation material.
[0016] The peripheral wall may be provided integral with the base
layer.
[0017] The base layer and the peripheral wall may be provided in
a dish-like support, such as of metal.
[0018] The glass and/or ceramic filaments may be of woven, knitted
or mat form in the fabric.
[0019] The at least one heating element may comprise one or more
heating elements of wire, ribbon, foil or lamp form.
[0020] The present invention also provides an oven provided with
the aforementioned radiant electric heater.
[0021] As a result of the provision of the spacer means, any moisture
which comes into contact with the apertured member is prevented
from being transferred to and absorbed by the peripheral wall of
the heater. Consequential damage to the material, such as microporous
thermal insulation material, of the peripheral wall is thereby prevented.
Such moisture may result from condensation, on the apertured member,
of water vapour emitted by food being heated by other means, such
as microwave radiation or convection heating, in an oven containing
the radiant electric heater in an unenergised state.
[0022] For a better understanding of the invention and to show
more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now
be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which:
[0023] FIG. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of a radiant electric
heater according to the present invention; and
[0024] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the heater of FIG. 1
installed in an oven.
[0025] Referring to the drawings, a radiant electric heater 2,
installed in a wall of an oven 4, such as a microwave oven, comprises
a metal dish-like support 6 provided with a base layer 8 of compacted
microporous thermal and electrical insulation material. As shown
in FIG. 2, the dish-like support 6 is formed with a plurality of
depressed regions 10 of arcuate form which permit the material of
the base layer 8 to engage around the arcuate portions to assist
in securing the base layer 8 in the dish-like support 6.
[0026] A heating element 12 is provided secured to the base layer
8. As shown, the heating element 12 comprises a corrugated metal
ribbon mounted edgewise on the base layer 8. Such a heating element
is well known to the skilled person. The heating element 12 could
instead be of coiled wire form, or of other ribbon form, or of foil
form, or of lamp form, or of any other suitable form known to the
skilled person. More than one heating element, or more than one
form of heating element, could be provided in the heater.
[0027] A terminal block 14 for the heating element 12 is mounted
on the heater and allows the heater to be connected to a voltage
supply for operation.
[0028] A peripheral wall 16 of microporous thermal insulation material
is provided in the heater and has an apex 18. As shown, this wall
16 is integral with the base layer 8. However, it could be provided
as a separate member, as is well known in the art.
[0029] A covering sheet 20 of a fabric comprising glass and/or
ceramic filaments, is provided overlying the heater, including the
apex 18 of the peripheral wall 16, and spaced from the heating element
12. Such covering sheet 20 is suitably secured to the metal dish-like
support 6 and such that the covering sheet 20 is not in direct contact
with the apex 18 of the peripheral wall 16.
[0030] Spacer means is provided to ensure that the covering sheet
20 is not in direct contact with the apex 18 of the peripheral wall
16. Such spacer means suitably comprises an air gap 22 provided
between the covering sheet 20 and the apex 18 of the peripheral
wall 16. Alternatively, the spacer means comprises a substantially
moisture-impermeable, or substantially moisture non-absorbent, component
24, such as of a ceramic material, and suitably of flat ring or
sheet form, provided between the covering sheet 20 and the apex
18 of the peripheral wall 16.
[0031] The covering sheet 20 suitably comprises glass and/or ceramic
filaments woven, knitted or matted to form a fabric.
[0032] Suitable materials for the covering sheet 20 are described
in GB-A-2 331 688.
[0033] The fabric of the covering sheet 20 may comprise filaments
of E glass, C glass, R glass or S glass or modifications thereof.
For example, the boron oxide in E glass may be replaced by magnesium
oxide, such a glass being commercially available, under the trade
name Advantex, from OCF Corporation.
[0034] Alternatively the covering sheet 20 may comprise a fabric
of alumino-silicate filaments, or of alumino-boro-silicate filaments,
or of zirconia cloth.
[0035] In general, the weight per unit area of the covering sheet
20 should be less than 1 kilogram per square metre and typically
in a range from 50 to 300 grams per square metre.
[0036] The covering sheet 20 is arranged to be at least partially
translucent to allow transmission therethrough of visible and infra-red
radiation from the heating element 12.
[0037] The covering sheet 20, serves to prevent any splattered
food particulates from entering the heater 2 during heating of food
in the oven 4. It also serves to prevent any loose thermal insulation
material of the base layer B from falling into the oven 4 and contaminating
food being cooked therein. This is particularly relevant when the
heater 2 is installed in a top wall of the oven 4.
[0038] An apertured sheet 26 is provided overlying the covering
sheet 20. Such apertured sheet 26 may serve more than one purpose.
It may provide protection for the covering sheet 20 and may also
minimise risk of manual contact with internal components of the
heater 2, such as when cleaning the inside of the oven 4 or when
using cooking implements inside the oven. The apertured sheet 26
is most suitably of metal, but may comprise a ceramic or any suitably
apertured refractory material. When of metal, the apertured sheet
26 can be used to provide electrical screening, such as in respect
of microwave radiation generated when the oven 4 is a microwave
oven.
[0039] The apertured sheet 26 can comprise perforations 28 in a
metal or ceramic sheet or the sheet can be of expanded metal form
30, or other appropriate lattice form.
[0040] The oven 4 may include other heating means (not shown) in
addition to the heater 2. Such other heating means may comprise
microwave radiation heating means, or convection heating means.
When one of these other heating means is operated alone without
the heater 2 being energised, the heater 2, the covering sheet 20
and the apertured sheet 26 remain relatively cool while a food item
in the oven 4 is being heated. Water vapour, such as in the form
of steam, issues from the food item and condenses on the relatively
cool surface of the apertured sheet 26. It also passes through the
apertures in the apertured sheet 26 and condenses on the inside
surface of the sheet.
[0041] If the apertured sheet 26 is in contact with the covering
sheet 20 of fabric material, the resulting moisture is readily wicked
along and through the covering sheet 20. If the covering sheet 20
had been arranged in contact with the apex 18 of the peripheral
wall 16 of microporous thermal insulation material, the moisture
would have been absorbed by the microporous insulation material
from the covering sheet 20. Such absorbed moisture would have resulted
in permanent damage to the structure of the microporous insulation
material of the peripheral wall 16. However, the provision of the
spacer means of the present invention, comprising the air gap 22,
or the substantially moisture-impermeable, or substantially moisture
non-absorbent, component 24 such as in the form of a flat ring or
sheet of ceramic, prevents such moisture being transferred from
the covering sheet 20 to the peripheral wall 16.
[0042] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, instead
of or in addition to the spacer means 22 or 24 being provided between
the covering sheet 20 and the apex 18 of the peripheral wall 16,
spacer means 32 is provided between the apertured sheet 26 and the
covering sheet 20. Such spacer means can be an air gap, or a substantially
moisture-impermeable, or substantially moisture non-absorbent, component,
such as of a ceramic and suitably of ring or sheet form. Such spacer
means 32 prevents contact, and hence transfer of moisture, between
the apertured sheet 26 and the covering sheet 20. With this arrangement,
the covering sheet 20 could be in contact with the apex 18 of the
peripheral wall 16. |