Abstrict
A portable electric heating or lighting fixture that uses infrared
radiation to heat air efficiently, which is uniquely configured
with no moving parts, having both fixed and removable ideal black
body surfaces (28), (40), (42), (44), and a plurality of air convection
chambers (30), (34), (38), that surround a replaceable radiant energy
infrared or quartz heating lamp (24). In the lighting mode of operation,
replaceable clear or colored incandescent lamps (98), or compact
fluorescent lamps (100), are used for decor and indirect lighting
applications. Decor matching fabric or fiber skirts and sleeves,
silk screening, decals and paint can be used to decorate the exterior
surface of outer pipe (36). Circular shaped colored glass or plastic
panels can placed on air outlet register (58) for unlimited lighting
effects. Natural resources and electricity can be conserved with
this combination portable electric heater or floor lamp fixture.
Claims
We claim:
1. A combination portable electric heater and floor lamp comprising:
a hollow heat conductive cylindrical casing of refractory materials
having openings of equal cross sectional dimensions at each end
of said cylindrical casing allowing air circulation therein, said
casing having an inner surface of composition, density and configuration
providing for the absorption and reflection of radiant energy, and
having physical dimensions sized to contain a replaceable radiant
energy source, a subassembly of manually detachable heat conductive
discs and heat conductive air outlet diffusers of refractory materials
being located at an upper portion of said casing,
said replaceable radiant energy source having a bulb shape and
being electrically connected to an upright base positioned in a
lower region of said casing, said radiant energy source being positioned
a close spacial distance to an inner surface of said casing to provide
therein a thermally controlled one way air check valve, the radiant
energy emitted from said radiant energy source being incident upon
said subassembly and said inner surface of said casing, a support
member having mounting means for said upright base and for an electrical
line cord, a thermally pressurized air chamber being located in
said casing between said radiant energy source and said subassembly,
said subassembly having composition, density and configuration providing
for the absorption and reflection of radiant energy from said radiant
energy source, said subassembly having an adjustable lower disc
whereby physical spacing between said radiant energy source and
said lower disc may be varied to provide an optimum focus position
for direct and reflected radiant energy, said subassembly including
a lower air outlet air diffuser having a lower surface which provide
mounting means for a middle disc and an upper air diffuser having
a lower surface which provides mounting means for an upper disc,
said subassembly providing substantial containment within said casing
of radiant energy emitted from said radiant energy source, said
subassembly having partially restricted openings which direct heated
air to the center of said upper air outlet diffuser,
said subassembly lower disc, middle disc and air outlet air diffusers
having a center anchoring means attached to a threaded rod, said
threaded rod having anchoring means attached to a knob,
said support member having mounting means for an inlet air diffuser,
said air inlet diffuser having a spatial distance between a lower
end of said casing which regulates the volume of dense cool air
entering the said casing,
said subassembly air outlet diffusers, said middle disc, and said
upper disc having air openings and spacing which regulate the volume
of heated air exiting said casing, with the total air outlet opening
cross sectional area being greater than the total air inlet opening
cross sectional area,
whereby total absorption of direct and reflected radiant energy
from said radiant energy source is transformed ultra efficiently
into molecular heat energy and is convected into said air chamber,
and the air temperature, air volume, air thermal conductivity and
air pressure in said air chamber increases as the air density decreases,
causing said heated air to be communicated with increased velocity
through said subassembly air outlet diffusers into the atmosphere.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein:
a hollow heat conductive cylindrical second casing of refractory
material is positioned to encircle said casing, said second casing
having openings at both ends of equal cross sectional dimensions
and a diameter greater than that of said casing to provide an open
ended free flowing convection air chamber between said casing and
said second casing, said second casing being mounted to said support
member.
3. The combination of claim 2 wherein:
a hollow heat conductive cylindrical outer casing of refractory
materials is positioned to encircle said second casing, said outer
casing having openings at both ends of equal cross sectional dimensions
and a length and diameter greater than that of said casing and said
second casing to encircle and extend above said second casing and
provide an open ended free flowing convection air chamber between
said outer casing and said second casing, said outer casing being
mounted to said support member, a manually detachable circular lid,
handle, and recessed non-restrictive air outlet register subassembly
being mounted at an upper region of said outer casing, said air
outlet register subassembly having mounting and anchor means for
said air outlet register, said air outlet register having a diameter
equal to the outer diameter of said second casing whereby heated
air from all air chambers travels through said air outlet register
into the atmosphere.
4. The combination of claim 1 wherein:
said replaceable radiant energy source is a fluorescent lamp.
5. The combination of claim 1 wherein:
said replaceable radiant energy source is an incandescent lamp.
Electric heater descriptionBACKGROUND
1. Field of Invention
Our invention relates to an electric heater which uses radiant
energy to heat air, specifically employing a thermally pressurized
air chamber and one or more convection air chambers communicating
to an upwardly positioned air mixing chamber, wherein the transfer
efficiency of energy is substantially increased.
2. Description of Prior Art
Infrared heaters have been known for years but a continuing problem
with these heaters has been the inefficiency thereof. Prior art
has failed to recognize, identify, incorporate the various heat
capacities of air that generate thermally pressurized air. The prior
art includes U.S. Pat. No. 3,575,582 issued to D. W. Covault on
Apr. 20, 1971. This patent shows an electrical furnace comprising
a cabinet structure, a plurality of lamps, a fan assembly and a
heat exchanger consisting of a plurality of prong shaped heat transmitting
elements attached to it. In this furnace, air is circulated by the
fan assembly through and around the heat exchanger such that it
is capable of absorbing heat from the heat exchanger and heat transmitting
elements. The heated air is then forced out of the furnace through
a louver in the top of the device. Other references representative
of the prior art include the following: U.S. Pat. No. 1,480,362,
issued to Anderson on Jan. 8, 1924; U.S. Pat. No. 1,547,160, issued
to Bailey on Jul. 28, 1925; U.S. Pat. No. 1,755,204, issued to Buffalow
et al. on Apr. 22, 1930; U.S. Pat. No. 1,926,473, issued to Wood
on Sep. 12, 1933; U.S. Pat. No. 2,087,240, issued to Brown on Jul.
20, 1937: U.S. Pat. No. 2,379,705, issued to Graves on Jul. 3, 1945;
U.S. Pat. No. 2,938,101, issued to Borzner on May 24, 1960; U.S.
Pat. No. 3,104,307, issued to Garofalow et al. on Sep. 17, 1963;
and U.S. Pat. No. 4,309,594 issued to Jones on Jan. 5, 1982.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF INVENTION
With the present invention there is provided a highly efficient
portable electric heater or floor lamp consisting of certain improvements
which overcome all of the disadvantages of aforementioned heaters.
One object of the invention is to provide a portable electric heater
or floor lamp when employed as a heater, utilizes a thermally pressurized
air chamber which contributes to transform radiant energy into heat
energy.
A further object of this invention is to provide a portable electric
heater or floor lamp when employed as a heater utilizes the embodied
optimum focus position wherein the greatest absorption of the total
spectral distribution of energy occurs.
A further object of the invention is to provide a portable electric
heater or floor lamp when employed as a heater, wherein efficient
transfer of radiant energy to heat energy is substantially increased
by the heat conductive casing, discs and air diffusers being proportionally
sized to the wattage rating of the radiant energy source.
A further object of the invention is to provide a portable electric
heater or floor lamp when employed as a floor lamp illuminates a
room with sufficient light.
A further objective of the invention is to provide one or more
convection air chambers communicating to an upwardly positioned
air mixing chamber wherein the transfer efficiency of is substantially
increased.
A further object of the invention is to provide the foregoing features
in a portable electric heater or floor lamp which is simple, durable,
inexpensive and ultra efficient.
Other and further objects and advantages of the invention will
become apparent from a consideration of the drawings and ensuing
description.
DRAWING FIGURES
FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the inner pipe, lamp and air diffuser
in the electrical heater configuration.
FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the invention in the electrical
heater configuration.
FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of the pedestal base assembly.
FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the manually detachable heat conductive
discs and heat conductive air outlet diffusers employed in the electrical
heater configuration.
FIG. 6 shows a cut away view of the invention in the electrical
heater configuration.
FIG. 7 shows a cut away view of the invention employing a fluorescent
lamp in the floor lamp configuration.
FIG. 8 shows a cut away view of the invention employing an incandescent
lamp in the floor lamp configuration.
DESCRIPTION--FIGURES 1 TO 5
A preferred embodiment of our Portable Electric Heater or Floor
Lamp of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 (partial
sectional view).
FIG. 2 (sectional view), is a typical embodiment of the portable
electric heater and floor lamp. A two part wooden pedestal 10 and
12 (FIG. 4), interlock with one another and at their respective
center lines. A plurality of feet 60, attach to the underside of
each of the four pedestal legs. An intake air diffuser 18 is centered
and placed on pedestal 10 and 12. An outer pipe mount 16 is centered
and placed on intake air diffuser 18. Both are attached to pedestal
10 with a plurality of screws 90. Outer pipe mount 16 allows for
non-critical alignment and ease of assembly for outer pipe 36 and
provides additional mechanical strength to pedestals 10 and 12.
The top surface of an outer pipe mount 16 is bored out and keyed
to receive the base of a porcelain lamp socket 20. An inner pipe
mount 14A and an inner pipe mount 14B are placed on intake air diffuser
18 and secured to pedestal 12 with a plurality of screws 92. Inner
pipe mounts 14A, 14B provide non-critical alignment and ease of
assembly of a middle pipe 32 and an inner pipe 28. They also provide
additional mechanical strength to pedestals 10 and 12.
An electrical conduit 22 is threaded onto a base of porcelain lamp
socket 20 and inserted into the center hole of outer pipe mount
16 from the top. A washer 66, a locking nut 62 and a safety grommet
64 are threaded onto the other end of electrical conduit 22 and
tightened. This adds additional mechanical strength to pedestals
10 and 12. A line cord 26 is inserted into electrical conduit 22
from the bottom and is connected to the electrical terminals of
porcelain lamp socket 20.
As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 5, an upper disc 44 is attached to
an outer ring 48-1 of an upper air diffuser 48 with a plurality
of rivets 76. A middle disc 42 is attached to a middle ring 46-2
of a lower air diffuser 46 with a plurality of rivets 76. The entire
subassembly 40 through 50 is assembled onto a threaded rod 68 with
plurality of a washer 70, a washer 72 and a nut 74.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, two safety hasps 56 are secured to a
lid 52 with plurality of rivets 76 opposing each other. An air outlet
register 58 is placed inside lid 52 and centered. A lid 54 is placed
over air outlet register 58 and lid 52. This subassembly is bolted
together with a plurality of a machine screw 80, a washer 82 and
a decorative nut 78.
Two safety hasp eyelets 56 are attached to outer pipe 36 with a
plurality of a screw 84, a washer 88 and a nut 86. Inner pipe 28
is inserted into middle pipe 32 and secured with a plurality of
a screw 96. Inner pipe 28 and middle pipe 32 are lowered onto inner
pipe mounts 14A, 14B and secured in place with a plurality of screw
94. Outer pipe 36 is lowered onto the pedestals 10 and 12 and secured
to outer pipe mounts 16 with a plurality of screw 92. An infrared
lamp 24 is placed in porcelain lamp socket 20 from the top of the
heater housing. The air diffuser subassembly, 40 through 50 is placed
on the upper edge of inner pipe 28. The lid assembly 52, 54 and
58 is centered and placed on the top of outer pipe 36, aligned with
safety hasps 56, and latched in place.
For lighting applications, infrared lamp 24 is replaced with an
incandescent lamp 98 or a fluorescent lamp 100. The air diffuser
assembly 40 through 50 is not used for this mode of operation.
From the prior description, a number of advantages of our Portable
Electric Heater or Floor Lamp become evident:
(a) The lid assembly 52 and 54 has been designed to function as
a 360 degree circular handle.
(b) The lid assembly 52 and 54 has been designed with a recessed
air outlet register 58 that reduces accidental contact by humans
or pets.
(c) The lid assembly 52 and 54 has been designed for ease of removal
and installation.
(d) The outer pipe 36 remains at ambient temperature because the
outer air chamber 38 provides a steady convection of near ambient
air.
(e) The portable electric heater or floor lamp has been designed
for mass production using "off-the-shelf" parts. No special
tooling or machining is required.
(f) Other lamp sockets can be used in place of the medium base
socket to accommodate lamps with higher operating voltages or different
size or shape lamps with different base types.
(g) Suitable protective shielding or screening techniques, or both
can be incorporated for those lamps requiring protection to people
and surroundings from the possibility of a lamp shattering and from
possible ultraviolet radiation.
OPERATIONS--FIGS. 1 TO 5
This Portable Electric Heater or Floor Lamp optimizes the use of
electromagnetic wave radiation, thermal conduction and convection
to raise the temperature and velocity of air. The heart of our invention
illustrated in FIG. 1, is a reflector style infrared lamp 24 placed
inside a vertically mounted inner pipe 28 that is painted with a
high temperature black paint. This inner pipe 28 is corrugated,
with forty five degree helical spirals, whose metal configuration,
composition and density make it an ideal black body. The metal composition
and density of inner disc 40, the middle disc 42 and the upper disc
44 are also ideal black bodies that convect and conduct heat efficiently.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the air diffuser assembly 40 through
50, is designed to absorb radiant energy, emit heat energy, restrict,
direct and diffuse heated air from the inner air chamber 30 to the
center of the outer air chamber 38.
The intake air diffuser 18 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, directs
and controls intake air into inner pipe 28. Additional design features
include the blocking of radiant energy reflected out of the bottom
of inner pipe 28. The upper surface of intake air diffuser 18 can
be painted a flame color that will reflect this color onto the inner
surface of outer pipe 36. This gives the appearance of a glowing
fire when viewed looking down into the heater.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, heat conducted to the outer surface of
inner pipe 28, heats the air in a middle air chamber 34. Heat conducted
to the outer surface of middle pipe 32, heats the air in an outer
air chamber 38. The combined heated air from all three chambers
is then directed through the air outlet register 58. The heated
air is a form of kinetic energy and subscribes to the law of conservation
of energy.
Infrared lamp 24 is a reflector style lamp having a coiled tungsten
filament on a suitable mount, enclosed in a heat resistant hardened
silica glass bulb containing a gas mixture of argon and nitrogen.
When electrical current passes through the filament wire, it heats
the filament to incandescence causing the filament to emit visible
and infrared (heat) electromagnetic waves. The lamps energy beam
spread angle is 55 degrees. The radiant and visible energy waves
are traveling at the speed of light and in a straight line. The
electromagnetic waves bombardment onto the interior corrugated surfaces
of inner pipe 28, inner disc 40, middle disc 42 and upper disc 44
cause random molecular motion in these metals and is sensed as heat.
The infrared lamps source temperature, wavelength of peak emission,
radiation intensity at various wavelengths, and total radiation
are related by laws of physics. Planck's Law deals with relationship
of intensity, spectral density and absolute temperature. The Stefan-Boltzman
Law relates that total radiation is dependent upon the fourth power
of the absolute temperature. Wiens Displacement Law shows that the
intensity of the wavelength of peak emission is a function of the
fifth power of the absolute temperature.
These laws are all based on the characteristics of a black body.
Inner pipe 28, upper, middle and inner disc 44, 42 and 40 are the
ideal black bodies of our invention. A black body is an object which
absorbs all electromagnetic radiation which is incidence upon it,
and conversely, it emits the maximum possible heat radiation at
any given temperature.
The spectral output of infrared lamp 24 is a function of the forementioned
laws and is affected by the transmission properties of the type
of glass used in the manufacture of these lamps. Clear silica glass
lamps, selected for our invention, have a slightly higher percent
of transmittance than translucent silica glass lamps. Radiation
intensity generated by infrared lamp 24 and incident upon the black
body surfaces 28, 40, 42 and 44 varies according to the inverse
square law and Lambert's cosine law. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the
physical placement of inner pipe 28, upper, middle and inner disc
44, 42, and 40 to infrared lamp 24 are ideally positioned for absorbing
the maximum amount of radiant energy, and emitting the maximum amount
of heat energy into inner air chamber 30.
As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the physical shape of infrared
lamp 24 and it's close proximity to the inner surface of inner pipe
18 provides this preferred embodiment with a one way, air check
valve. This air check valve feature enhances the restriction of
the downward migration of the less dense air molecules that are
already being opposed from downward migration by the denser air
below the lamp. All intake air passes around the envelope of the
infrared lamp keeping it cool and extending its life cycle. This
intake air convects the heat being generated by the lamp into inner
air chamber 30.
FIG. 5 shows another design feature of air diffuser subassembly
40 through 50. This assembly prevents the visible and infrared energy
from escaping out of the top of inner air chamber 30.
The five heat sources that emit heat into the inner air chamber
30 are, the infrared lamp, the inner surface of inner pipe 28 and
the surfaces of upper, middle and inner disc 44, 42, and 40. As
the air is heated, it expands becoming less dense, and is pushed
upward by the denser air that rushes in to take it's place. As the
air gets hotter, convection currents keep the air moving as the
air molecules expand and go into random and disordered motion. The
upper, middle and inner disc 44, 42 and 40, have a critical physical
dimension and positioning feature that restricts, controls and directs
the heated air to the center of the air diffuser subassembly and
into the outer air chamber 38. This partial restriction of air flow
allows the air molecules to remain in the inner air chamber 30 for
a longer period of time. This allows the air to increase its heat
capacities that results in a greater convection and thermal up draft
of heated air when mixed with the heated air from the middle and
outer air chambers. The preferred embodiment is designed to operate
safely if tipped over, allowing for reverse flow of the heated air.
SUMMARY
Accordingly the reader will see that the Portable Electric Heater
or Floor Lamp of our invention can have many different embodiments.
Other embodiments include a multiple configured, permanent or modular
radiant energy to air heater with permanently affixed capabilities.
Furthermore, our invention has the additional advantages in that:
it permits the use with new metal compositions such as, plastic
steel, ceramic and metals compositions and silicon carbide to obtain
higher thermal efficiency.
it provides uniform floor to ceiling temperatures by re-circulating
and re-heating the air which makes for a healthier environment.
it provides for personalized zone heating as needed.
it permits use with wind generators of electricity and photovoltaic
solar cell systems due to the low wattage consumption of the infrared
lamp.
it provides use with black body surfaces that can have many and
varied rough or irregular, smooth or reflective surfaces designed
to absorb, reflect and emit radiant energy.
The uniqueness of our invention is the use of "off-the-shelf"
materials to manufacture said invention.
Although the description above contains many specificities, this
should not be construed as limiting the scope of our invention,
but as merely providing illustrations of the presently conceived,
designed, tested and proven preferred embodiments. For example,
this invention can have other shaped embodiments that utilize the
use of radiant energy to heat and circulate air by natural convection.
Thus the scope of our invention should be determined by the appended
claims and its legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given.
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