Abstrict A sonic flow meter in the form of a conduit providing a linear
fluid flow path and having first and second openings on opposite
sides of the conduit displaced in an upstream-downstream relationship
providing a sonic path through the interior of the conduit, with
sonic transducers elements positioned to transmit and receive energy
through the sonic path, and having an upstream and downstream flow
straightener for separating the fluid stream into a plurality of
reduced-cross-sectional area streams, ends of the flow straightener
being in planes paralleling, and adjacent the sonic path.
Claims What is claimed is:
1. A sonic flowmeter comprising:
a conduit having an inlet end and an outlet end, and providing
a linear fluid flow path therebetween;
a first and a second opening in said conduit, the openings being
in a plane of the conduit longitudinal axis and on opposite sides
of the conduit, the openings being displaced in an upstream-downstream
relationship providing a sonic path through the interior of the
conduit, the sonic path being at a preselected angle to the conduit
linear fluid flow path;
first and second spaced apart transducer elements positioned to
transmit and receive sound energy traveling through fluid as it
traverses said conduit;
an upstream flow straightener within said conduit fluid flow path
for separating the fluid stream into a plurality of reduced-crossectional
area streams, each providing a separate linear fluid flow path,
the flow straightener having a forward end and rearward end, the
rearward end being contiguous to and in substantial conformity with
said sonic path.
2. A sonic flowmeter according to claim 1 wherein said upstream
flow straightener rearward end is in a plane having an angle to
said conduit longitudinal axis substantially conforming to said
sonic flowpath preselected angle.
3. A sonic flowmeter according to claim 1 including:
a downstream flow straightener within said conduit fluid flow path
for separating the fluid stream into a plurality of reduced cross-sectional
area streams, each providing a separate linear fluid flow path downstream
of said sonic path.
4. A sonic flowmeter according to claim 3 wherein said downstream
flow straightener forward end is contiguous to and in substantial
conformity with said sonic flow path whereby said sonic flow path
extends between said upstream flow straightener adjacent rearward
end and said downstream flow straightener adjacent forward end.
5. A sonic flowmeter according to claim 4 wherein said downstream
flow straightener forward end is in a plane having an angle to said
conduit longitudinal axis substantially conforming to said sonic
flow path preselected angle.
6. A sonic flowmeter according to claim 1 wherein said upstream
flow straightener rearward end is in a plane having an angle to
said conduit longitudinal axis substantially conforming to said
sonic flow path preselected angle, and including:
a downstream flow straightener within said conduit fluid flow path
for separating the fluid column into a plurality of reduced cross-sectional
area streams, each providing a separate linear flow path downstream
of said sonic path, said downstream flow straightener having a forward
end in a plane having an angle to said conduit longitudinal axis
substantially conforming to said sonic flow path preselected angle,
said upstream flow straightener rearward end being spaced from and
substantially parallel said downstream flow straightener forward
end, said sonic path being therebetween.
7. A sonic meter according to claim 1 wherein said upstream flow
straightener is in the form of a plurality of small diameter linear
tubes, the axis of each being parallel said conduit longitudinal
axis.
8. A sonic flowmeter according to claim 3 wherein said upstream
and downstream flow straighteners are in the form of separate bundles,
each formed of a plurality of small diameter tubes, the axis of
each being parallel said conduit longitudinal axis.
9. A sonic flowmeter according to claim 3 wherein said upstream
and downstream flow straighteners are formed of a unitary bundle
of small diameter tubes, the axis of each being parallel said conduit
longitudinal axis and extending through said sonic path, the sonic
path being formed by an opening extending through said bundle.
10. A sonic flowmeter according to claim 9 wherein said opening
formed through said bundle has a longitudinal axis substantially
conforming to a line drawn through said conduit first and second
openings.
11. A sonic flowmeter according to claim 1 wherein said conduit
has a small diameter theaded opening therein upstream of said first
and second openings, and wherein said upstream flow straightener
is in the form of a bundle formed of a plurality of small diameter
linear conduits;
a structural member affixed to said bundle having a recess therein;
a bolt extending and threadably through said conduit small diameter
opening, and the inner end of the bolt engaging said recess in said
structural member so thus as the bolt is tightened said bundle is
forced on compression against said conduit opposite interior wall
thereby serving to retain said flow straightener bundle in said
conduit.
12. A sonic flowmeter according to claim 11 including:
a short length tubular member secured at its inner end to said
conduit and encompassing said small diameter opening and said bolt;
and
means to close the outer end of said tubular member to seal said
small diameter opening against leakage.
13. A sonic flowmeter according to claim 11 wherein said bundle
of small diameter tubes and said structural member are configured
in cross-section to be slidably and snugly received in said conduit.
Description SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A means frequently employed for measuring the rate of fluid flow
in a stream is by the use of a sonic flow meter in which sound energy
is transmitted in the flow stream and the speed of sound transmission
measured. The meter is arranged so that the rate of fluid flow sound
speed affects the measurement to thereby provide an indication of
the fluid stream flow rate.
One problem encountered in sonic flow meters is that of inaccuracies
in the detected speed of sound transmission caused by turbulence
in the fluid stream. For this purpose it has been found desireable
to design flow meters so that in the area of sound transmission
the turbulence is a minimum. One means of reducing turbulence is
to provide flow straighteners. U.S. Pat. No. 4365518 entitled
"Flow Straighteners in Axial Flow Meters" is an example
of the use of flow straighteners to improve the performance of flow
meters. The type of flow meter to which the flow straighteners of
U.S. Pat. No. 4365518 pertain is called an "axial flow meter"
in that the transducers which transmit and receive the sound energy
are placed at opposite ends of a conduit through which the fluid
flows. A different type of sonic flow meter frequently employed
utilizes transducers which are placed on opposite sides of a flow
conduit in an upstream-downstream arrangement.
The present invention is directed towards a type of flow meter
in which the sonic flow path is transverse the axis of the fluid
flow path.
The flow meter includes a conduit having an inlet end and an outlet
end providing a linear fluid flow path therebetween.
First and second openings are formed on opposite sides of the conduit.
The openings are displaced in an upstream-downstream relationship
providing a sonic path through the interior of the conduit, the
sonic path being at a preselected angle to the conduit linear fluid
flow path.
Spaced apart transducer elements are positioned to transmit and
receive sound energy traveling through fluid as it traverses the
conduit.
An upstream flow straightener is positioned within the conduit
fluid flow path for separating the fluid stream into a plurality
of reduced-cross-sectional area streams, each of which provides
a separate linear fluid flow path. The flow straightener has a rearward
end which is contiguous to and in substantial conformity with said
sonic path. A downstream flow straightener is also positioned within
the conduit fluid flow path for separating the fluid stream into
a plurality of reduced cross-sectional area streams. The downstream
flow straightener forward edge is contiguous to and in substantial
conformity with the sonic path so that the sonic path extends between
the closely spaced upstream and downstream flow straighteners.
The term "turbulence" as used in this disclosure means
irregular fluctuations in the fluid flow stream, such as swirls
and eddies, causing non-symmetrical flow profiles which give rise
to shifts in meter factors.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of this invention
showing a conduit through which fluid flows and in which the rate
of fluid flow is measured by employment of sonic energy, the conduit
being shown in cross-section and showing the employment of a bundle
of upstream and downstream fluid flow straighteners.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 2--2 of FIG.
1.
FIG. 3 is a view as in FIG. 1 that is, a cross-sectional view of
a flow meter. This Figure shows a different arrangement for providing
the sonic flow path in a bundle of a bundle of small diameter linear
tubes.
FIG. 4 is an external view of a sonic flow meter such as illustrated
in FIGS. 1 2 and 3.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 5--5 of FIG.
4 showing one means of mounting flow straighteners in a conduit.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawing and first to FIG. 1 a cross-sectional
view showing one embodiment of the invention is shown. The sonic
flow meter includes a conduit 10 through which fluid flows, the
conduit being linear, so that fluid flows in a straight path through
the conduit. Conduit 10 is usually connected to piping apparatus
such as by the use of end flanges 12 and 14. The conduit 10 has
an inlet end 16 formed at flange 12 and an outlet end 18 formed
at flange 14.
Formed in the sidewall of conduit 10 is a first opening 20 and
a second opening 22. The openings 20 and 22 are in a plane of the
conduit longitudinal axis and on opposite sides of the conduit.
The openings 20 and 22 are displaced in an upstream-downstream relationship
providing a sonic flow path 24 through the interior of the conduit.
The sonic flow path is at a preselected angle to the conduit linear
fluid flow path.
A first transducer element 26 is positioned to transmit and/or
receive sonic energy through opening 20 and in like manner, a second
transducer element 28 is positioned to transmit and/or receive sonic
energy through opening 22. A housing 30 is secured around opening
20 in a leak proof manner to close the opening and to house the
first transducer 26. In like manner, a second housing 32 closes
opening 22 and provides protection and support for the second transducer
28.
The sonic flow meter described up to this point is a typical, well-known
type of flow measuring equipment. By transmitting sonic energy through
the fluid flowing through the conduit the speed of movement of the
fluid can be accurately measured. However, any turbulence which
exists in the fluid flow stream can introduce substantial error.
To minimize the existence of turbulence in the fluid as it flows
through the sonic pathway 24 an upstream flow straightener generally
indicated by the numeral 34 is utilized. The flow straightener is
positioned within the conduit upstream of the sonic flow path 24
and has a forward end 36 and a rearward end 38. The flow straightener
rearward end 38 is contiguous to and in substantial conformity with
the sonic flow path 24.
One means of forming the flow straightener 34 is illustrated in
the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 in which the flow straightener
is formed of a plurality of small diameter tubes 34A. While the
tubes are shown to be circular in cross-section it can be seen that
they could be square, hexagonal, or so forth. In addition to being
formed of tubes the flow straightener may be formed of a grid of
intersecting horizontal and parallel plates. Any arrangement which
provides a plurality of reduced cross-sectional dimensioned lineal
flow paths upstream of the sonic flow path 24 and wherein the rearward
end 38 of such flow straightener is in substantial geometrical conformity
with and adjacent to the flow path 24 would be within the purvue
of this disclosure.
Referring again to FIG. 1 positioned downstream of the sonic flow
path 24 is a downstream flow straightener 40 having a forward end
42 and a rearward end 44. The forward end 42 is preferrably configured
geometrically to approximate the sonic flow path 24 and to be adjacent
to it. Thus the sonic flow path 24 is defined by the space between
the upstream flow straightener rearward end 38 and the downstream
flow straightener forward end 42. The tubes or other elements of
which the upstream and downstream flow straighteners 34 and 40 respectively
are formed are preferrably arranged in coaxial relationship. In
this manner the flow through the sonic path 24 is substantially
linear and free of turbulence.
FIG. 3 shows an alternate means of accomplishing the result of
the invention. In FIG. 3 the upstream flow straightener 34 and the
downstream flow straightener 40 are formed of the same bundle of
individual tubes or other elements for providing a plurality of
linear reduced cross-sectional area flow streams through conduit
10. The flow path 24 is formed by drilling a hole through the bundle
of tubes, the hole being drilled in the axis of openings 20 and
22. One means of accomplishing this is to assemble the bundle of
tubes within conduit 10 and then passing a drill through opening
20 to emerge through opening 22. The drill forms an opening through
the tubes which thereby defines the flow path 24. In another arrangement
the bundle of tubes may be assembled and a hole drilled prior to
insertion of the tubes within conduit 10 in which case the hole
may be drilled to a larger diameter than that of openings 20 or
22.
FIG. 4 is an external view of a sonic flow meter as shown in FIGS.
1 and 3 with more details being shown of the arrangement for connecting
tubing for containing conductors extending to the transducer elements.
The upstream and downstream flow straighteners 34 and 40 respectively
are shown in dotted outline.
Secured to the exterior of conduit 10 in FIG. 4 is a short length
tubular nipple 46 which may be secured to the conduit such as by
welding 48. The outer end of the nipple 46 is closed by a plug 50.
FIG. 5 a cross-sectional view of the arrangement in FIG. 4 shows
one means of supporting the flow straighteners within conduit 10.
As previously described, and illustrative of one embodiment of the
invention, the flow straightener 34 may be formed of a plurality
of small diameter tubes 34A. These tubes may be bonded to each other
in a bundle so that the exterior of the bundle closely fits within
the interior of conduit 10. To hold the bundle in position, elongated
bars 52 and 54 are secured to the bundle along opposite sides thereof.
A set screw 56 is received in a threaded opening 58 formed in the
wall of conduit 10. Bar 52 has a recess 60 which receives the inner
end of set screw 56.
To assemble the flow meter, the upstream flow straightener bundle
34 is positioned within conduit 10 so that the recess 60 in bar
52 is in alignment with the conduit threaded opening 58. Set screw
56 may then be threaded to engage bar 52 through threaded opening
58. As set screw 56 is tightened the bundle of tubes 34A is forced
towards the opposite interior wall of conduit 10. Bar 54 engages
the interior wall. The bundle of tubes 34A are thus held in compression
between bars 52 and 54. Plug 50 is inserted in place in the nipple
sealably closing the opening 58.
While not illustrated, the downstream flow straightener 40 may
be secured in a like manner.
The invention provides an improved sonic flow meter in which flow
straighteners are placed adjacent the sonic flow path to provide
a linear flow of fluid through the sonic path. In this manner, improved
accuracy and repeatability of measurements provided by means of
sonic energy is achieved.
While the invention has been described with a certain degree of
particularity it is manifest that many changes may be made in the
details of construction and the arrangement of components without
departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. It is understood
that the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein
for purposes of exemplification, but is to be limited only by the
scope of the attached claim or claims, including the full range
of equivalency to which each element thereof is entitled. |