Abstrict A flow meter for measuring a flow rate of a fluid passing through
a fluid passage is provided with a throttle structure disposed at
the inside, and it is connected to the fluid passage. The fluid
passes through a groove via expanded grooves formed on a surface
of a substrate which constitutes the throttle structure. The flow
rate of the fluid passing through the fluid passage can be measured
by detecting pressures and temperatures of said fluid on an inflow
side and an outflow side concerning the throttle structure.
Claims What is claimed is:
1. A throttle structure comprising: a casing having a fluid chamber
defined therein; a throttle structure arranged in said fluid chamber,
which allows a fluid passing through said fluid chamber to flow
therethrough, said throttle structure comprising a substrate and
a groove formed in said substrate; and a spring member urging said
throttle structure toward a wall of said casing, wherein said fluid
passes through said groove while said throttle structure is held
against said wall by said spring member.
2. The throttle structure according to claim 1 wherein said groove
is formed by means of etching.
3. The throttle structure according to claim 2 wherein said substrate
is a flat plate.
4. The throttle structure according to claim 3 wherein said groove
is formed, in an integrated manner, with a groove having a narrow
width, said groove being formed linearly to extend in a diametric
direction on a surface of said substrate, and expanded grooves each
of which is formed to have a semicircular configuration in a direction
perpendicular to said groove at a substantially central portion
of said groove.
5. The throttle structure according to claim 3 wherein said groove
is formed linearly to extend in a diametric direction on a surface
of said substrate.
6. The throttle structure according to claim 3 wherein said groove
is formed linearly to extend in a diametric direction on a surface
of said substrate, one end of said groove being expanded.
7. The throttle structure according to claim 3 wherein said groove
is formed linearly to extend in a diametric direction on a surface
of said substrate, with its both ends being expanded.
8. A flow meter incorporated with a throttle structure comprising:
a casing having a fluid chamber defined therein; a fluid passage
in communication with said fluid chamber, said flow meter measuring
a flow rate of a fluid passing through said fluid passage; a throttle
structure arranged in said fluid chamber, which allows a fluid passing
through said fluid chamber to flow therethrough, said throttle structure
comprising a substrate and a groove formed on a surface of said
substrate; and a spring member urging said throttle structure toward
a wall of said casing, wherein said fluid passes through said groove
while said throttle structure is held against said wall by said
spring member, and wherein said flow rate of said fluid is measured
by detecting pressures and temperatures of said fluid on an inflow
side and an outflow side of said casing.
9. The flow meter incorporated with said throttle structure according
to claim 1 wherein said groove is formed by means of etching.
10. The flow meter incorporated with said throttle structure according
to claim 8 wherein pressure gauges and thermometers are installed
on said inflow side and said outflow side of said casing.
11. The flow meter incorporated with said throttle structure according
to claim 9 wherein said substrate is a flat plate.
Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a throttle structure for allowing
a fluid to flow therethrough, and a flow meter incorporated with
the throttle structure, for measuring a flow rate of a fluid passing
through a fluid passage by the aid of the incorporated throttle
structure.
2. Description of the Related Art
A flow meter for measuring the flow rate of a fluid passing through
a fluid passage is generally used, which is represented by a flow
meter incorporated therein with a throttle structure for allowing
the fluid to pass therethrough, for example, an orifice 1 made of
stainless steel as shown in FIG. 17. The orifice 1 has a minute
hole 2 which is formed as a fluid passage having a diameter of 10
.mu.m to 20 .mu.m. The minute flow rate of the fluid passing through
the fluid passage connected with the flow meter can be measured,
for example, by detecting the temperatures and the pressures on
the inflow side and on the outflow side of the orifice 1.
However, when the minute hole 2 of 10 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m is formed
for the conventionally used orifice 1 by means of machining, it
is necessary to perform complicated working steps. Further, an inconvenience
arises such that the dimensional error of the hole 2 is increased.
Furthermore, a difficult problem arises such that the production
cost is expensive. For example, the failure of correct measurement
of the flow rate of a fluid or a process fluid to be used for an
apparatus for producing semiconductor parts causes a factor to produce
defective parts, which makes it extremely difficult to produce products
required to have strict qualities.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A general object of the present invention is to provide a throttle
structure which makes it possible to conveniently machine a fluid
passage for allowing a fluid to pass therethrough and which makes
it possible to prevent the occurrence of the dimensional error of
the fluid passage as less as possible.
A principal object of the present invention is to provide a flow
meter incorporated with a throttle structure which makes it possible
to correctly measure the flow rate of a fluid passing through the
throttle structure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a throttle
structure and a flow meter incorporated with the throttle structure
which make it possible to achieve the inexpensive production cost
of the throttle structure and the flow meter incorporated with the
throttle structure.
The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present
invention will become more apparent from the following description
when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which
a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown by way
of illustrative example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a flow
meter according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 shows a perspective view illustrating a throttle structure
according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 shows a perspective view illustrating a first modified embodiment
of the throttle structure according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 shows a perspective view illustrating a second modified
embodiment of the throttle structure according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a flow
meter according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 6 shows a perspective view illustrating a throttle structure
according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a flow
meter according to a third embodiment;
FIG. 8 shows a perspective view illustrating a throttle structure
according to the third embodiment;
FIG. 9 shows a perspective view illustrating a first modified embodiment
of the throttle structure according to the third embodiment;
FIG. 10 shows a perspective view illustrating a second modified
embodiment of the throttle structure according to the third embodiment;
FIG. 11 shows a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a flow
meter according to a fourth embodiment;
FIG. 12 shows a perspective view illustrating a throttle structure
according to the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 13 shows a perspective view illustrating a first modified
embodiment of the throttle structure according to the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 14 shows a perspective view illustrating a second modified
embodiment of the throttle structure according to the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 15 shows a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a flow
meter according to a fifth embodiment;
FIG. 16A shows a perspective view illustrating a substrate for
constructing a throttle structure according to the fifth embodiment;
FIG. 16B shows a perspective view illustrating the throttle structure;
and
FIG. 17 shows a perspective view illustrating a throttle structure
incorporated in a conventional flow meter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As shown in FIG. 1 a flow meter 10 according to a first embodiment
of the present invention has a casing 12. A lid 16 is fastened to
the casing 12 in order that an opening provided for the casing 12
is closed to define a chamber 14 at the inside of the casing 12.
An inlet side fluid passage 18 for supplying a fluid R to the chamber
14 is provided at a substantially central portion of the casing
12 in the longitudinal direction. The fluid R, which has passed
through the inlet side fluid passage 18 arrives at the chamber
14.
An inlet side detecting fluid passage 20 is formed in a direction
perpendicular to the inlet side fluid passage 18 at the inside of
the casing 12. The inlet side detecting fluid passage 20 is connected
to a pressure gauge 22 and a thermometer 24 for detecting the pressure
and the temperature of the fluid R until the arrival at the chamber
14. The pressure gauge 22 and the thermometer 24 are connected to
an unillustrated flow rate-measuring equipment.
An outlet side fluid passage 26 which is concentric with the inlet
side fluid passage 18 and which is used to discharge the fluid R
from the flow meter 10 is formed at a substantially central portion
of the lid 16. The fluid R, which has passed through the outlet
side fluid passage 26 is discharged from the flow meter 10.
An outlet side detecting fluid passage 28 is formed in a direction
perpendicular to the outlet side fluid passage 26 at the inside
of the lid 16. The outlet side detecting fluid passage 28 is connected
to a pressure gauge 30 and a thermometer 32 for detecting the pressure
and the temperature of the fluid R having passed through the chamber
14. The pressure gauge 30 and the thermometer 32 are connected to
the unillustrated flow rate-measuring equipment, in the same manner
as the pressure gauge 22 and the thermometer 24.
A coil-shaped spring 34 is provided at the inside of the chamber
14. A first end of the spring 34 is seated on a first side surface
of the lid 16 and a second end of the spring 34 is seated on a
first end surface of a throttle structure 36 which is incorporated
in the flow meter 10 for allowing the fluid R to pass therethrough.
Next, the throttle structure 36 according to the first embodiment
will be explained. As shown in FIG. 2 a circular flat plate made
of stainless steel is used as a substrate 38 for the throttle structure
36. A groove 42 having a relatively narrow width, which extends
in the diametral direction, is formed by means of etching on a surface
40 of the substrate 38. Similarly, semicircular expanded grooves
44 are provided integrally with the groove 42 by means of etching
in a direction perpendicular to the groove 42 at central portions
of the groove 42.
The formation of the groove 42 and the expanded grooves 44 by means
of the etching makes it possible to conveniently machine the groove
42 and the expanded grooves 44. It is possible to prevent the occurrence
of any dimensional error as less as possible, and it is possible
to reduce the production cost.
The flow meter 10 according to the first embodiment is basically
constructed as described above. Next, its function and effect will
be explained.
The fluid R is supplied to the inlet side fluid passage 18 which
is provided for the casing 12 of the flow meter 10 connected to
the fluid passage. The fluid R arrives at the throttle structure
36 which is provided at the inside of the chamber 14 formed in the
casing 12.
The fluid R, which has arrived at the throttle structure 36 passes
through the groove 42 in the direction of the arrow A and in the
directions of the arrows B and B' as shown in FIG. 2 via the expanded
grooves 44 formed on the surface 40 of the substrate 38 which constitutes
the throttle structure 36. During this process, the fluid R temporarily
stays in the expanded grooves 44. Accordingly, the flow of the fluid
R is adjusted, and the fluid R can smoothly pass through the groove
42 in the direction of the arrow A and in the directions of the
arrows B and B'.
The fluid R, which has passed through the throttle structure 36
passes through the inside of the chamber 14 and it is discharged
to the outside of the flow meter 10 from the outlet side fluid passage
26 which is formed in the lid 16 for defining the chamber 14 together
with the casing 12.
The throttling effect is achieved for the fluid R owing to the
passage through the groove 42 and the expanded grooves 44 which
constitute the throttle structure 36. Accordingly, the pressure
energy of the fluid R is converted into the kinetic energy, and
the pressure value of the fluid R is changed between the inflow
side and the outflow side of the throttle structure 36. During this
process, the pressures and the temperatures are detected by the
pressure gauges 22 30 and the thermometers 24 32 which are arranged
for the front portion and the rear portion of the throttle structure
36. The data values of the detected pressures and temperatures are
transmitted to the unillustrated flow rate-measuring equipment.
The flow rate of the fluid passing through the fluid passage is
measured on the basis of the data values.
For example, if the fluid R is a gas, and its flow rate is subsonic,
then the flow rate is measured in accordance with the following
expression (1). ##EQU1##
In the expression (1), Q represents the volume flow rate (1/second),
S represents the effective cross-sectional area (mm.sup.2) of the
groove 42 formed on the throttle structure 36 P.sub.H represents
the pressure on the inflow side (MPa, abs), P.sub.L represents the
pressure on the outflow side (MPa, abs), and T represents the fluid
temperature on the outflow side (K).
Next, modified embodiments of the throttle structure 36 to be used
in the first embodiment will be explained with reference to FIGS.
3 and 4. The same constitutive components as the constitutive components
of the throttle structure 36 of the first embodiment are designated
by the same reference numerals, detailed explanation of which will
be omitted.
In the first modified embodiment 46 as shown in FIG. 3 a groove
48 which extends in the diametric direction on a surface 40 of
a substrate 38 is formed by means of etching. In the second modified
embodiment 50 as shown in FIG. 4 a groove 52 which extends in
the diametric direction on a surface 40 of a substrate 38 and which
has its expanded first end, is formed by means of etching.
The first and second modified embodiments 46 50 can be also used
for a flow meter 54 according to a second embodiment described below.
Next, the flow meter 54 according to the second embodiment of the
present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 5 and
6. The same constitutive components of the flow meter 54 according
to the second embodiment as the constitutive components of the flow
meter 10 according to the first embodiment are designated by the
same reference numerals, detailed explanation of which is omitted.
The description will be made for the following embodiments in the
same manner as described above.
The flow meter 54 according to the second embodiment is constructed
in approximately the same manner as the flow meter 10 according
to the first embodiment. However, the former is different from the
latter in the direction in which the fluid R passes through the
throttle structure 36.
As shown in FIG. 5 the flow meter 54 includes an inlet side fluid
passage 18 which is provided in a lid 16 for supplying the fluid
R to a chamber 14. An outlet side fluid passage 26 for discharging
the fluid R from the flow meter 54 is formed in a casing 12. A throttle
structure 36 is incorporated at the inside of the flow meter 54.
As shown in FIG. 6 a groove 56 which extends in the diametric
direction and which has its both expanded ends, is formed by means
of etching on a surface 40 of a substrate 38 of the throttle structure
36.
Therefore, the fluid R passes through the groove 56 formed on the
surface 40 of the substrate 38 for constructing the throttle structure
36 in the directions of the arrows C and C' and in the direction
of the arrow D as shown in FIG. 6.
The function and the effect of the flow meter 54 according to the
second embodiment are substantially the same as the function and
the effect of the flow meter 10 according to the first embodiment.
Next, a flow meter 58 according to a third embodiment of the present
invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
A throttle structure 60 to be incorporated in the flow meter 58
according to the third embodiment is shown in FIG. 8 for which
a columnar member made of stainless steel is used as a substrate
62. Grooves 66 which extend in the longitudinal direction, are
formed by means of etching on an outer circumferential surface 64
of the substrate 62. Therefore, the fluid R flows in the direction
of the arrow E and in the direction of the arrow F as shown in FIG.
8.
The use of the columnar member as the substrate 62 of the throttle
structure 60 makes it possible to correctly ensure the passages
for the fluid R. It is possible to improve the measurement accuracy
for the minute flow rate of the fluid R passing through the grooves
66 formed on the throttle structure 60.
Modified embodiments of the throttle structure 60 to be used in
the third embodiment will be explained with reference to FIGS. 9
and 10.
In the first modified embodiment 68 as shown in FIG. 9 grooves
70 which extend in the longitudinal direction and which have their
expanded both ends 72a, 72b, are formed by means of etching on an
outer circumferential surface 64 of a substrate 62. The groove 70
has a venturi structure in which the both ends 72a, 72b are expanded,
and a substantially central portion 74 of the groove 70 is narrowed
as compared with the both ends 72a, 72b. Therefore, when the fluid
R passes through the groove 70 the throttling effect for the fluid
R is improved. Thus, it is possible to correctly measure the minute
flow rate.
In the second modified embodiment 76 as shown in FIG. 10 grooves
78 which extend in the longitudinal direction and which have their
expanded first ends, are formed by means of etching on an outer
circumferential surface 64 of a substrate 62. The fluid R enters
the groove 78 from an expanded section 80 of the groove 78 and
it passes through the groove 78. Therefore, the fluid R can smoothly
pass through the groove 78 and it is possible to reduce the measurement
error for the minute flow rate.
Next, a flow meter 82 according to a fourth embodiment of the present
invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.
As shown in FIG. 12 a substantially truncated cone made of stainless
steel, in which the diameter is continuously decreased toward one
end, is used as a substrate 86 for a throttle structure 84 incorporated
in the flow meter 82 according to the fourth embodiment. Grooves
90 which extend in the longitudinal direction, are formed by means
of etching on an outer circumferential surface 88 of the substrate
86. Therefore, the fluid R flows in the direction of the arrow G
and in the direction of the arrow H as shown in FIG. 12.
The substantially truncated cone member, in which the diameter
is continuously decreased toward the one end, is used as the substrate
86 of the throttle structure 84. Accordingly, it is possible to
correctly ensure the passages for the fluid R, and it is possible
to improve the measurement accuracy for the minute flow rate of
the fluid R passing through the groove 90 formed on the throttle
structure 84.
Modified embodiments of the throttle structure 84 to be used in
the fourth embodiment will be explained with reference to FIGS.
13 and 14.
In the first modified embodiment 92 as shown in FIG. 13 grooves
94 which extend in the longitudinal direction and which have their
expanded both ends 96a, 96b, are formed by means of etching on an
outer circumferential surface 88 of a substrate 86. The groove 94
has a venturi structure in which the both ends 96a, 96b are expanded,
and a central portion 98 of the groove 94 is narrowed as compared
with the both ends 96a, 96b. Therefore, when the fluid R passes
through the groove 94 the throttling effect for the fluid R is
improved. Thus, it is possible to correctly measure the minute flow
rate.
In the second modified embodiment 100 as shown in FIG. 14 grooves
102 which extend in the longitudinal direction and which have their
expanded first ends, are formed by means of etching on an outer
circumferential surface 88 of a substrate 86. The fluid R enters
the groove 102 from an expanded section 104 of the groove 102 and
it passes through the groove 102. Therefore, the fluid R can smoothly
pass through the groove 102 and it is possible to reduce the measurement
error for the minute flow rate.
A flow meter 106 according to a fifth embodiment will be explained
with reference to FIGS. 15 16A, and 16B.
A throttle structure 108 is incorporated at the inside of the flow
meter 106. As shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B, the throttle structure
108 comprises a plurality of substrates 110 each of which has an
opening 112 provided at a central portion and each of which has
grooves 116 formed radially on a surface 114 around the center of
the opening 112 the substrates 110 being stacked so that the grooves
116 are not overlapped with each other, with a closure plate 118
which is superimposed at the tail of the substrate 110.
As shown in FIG. 15 the throttle structure 108 which comprises
the plurality of substrate 110 stacked in the longitudinal direction
of the casing 12 and the closure plate 118 superimposed at the tail
of the substrate 110 is provided at the inside of the chamber 14
formed in the casing 12. A first end of a coil-shaped spring 34
provided at the inside of the chamber 14 is seated on a first side
surface of the lid 16 and a second end of the spring 34 is seated
on an end surface of the closure plate 118.
Therefore, the fluid R passes through the inside of the opening
112 in the direction of the arrow I as shown in FIG. 16B, and it
is discharged from the groove 116. When the fluid R passes through
the throttle structure 108 the throttling effect is further improved,
for example, as compared with a case in which the fluid R passes
through one substrate 110 because the plurality of substrates 110
are stacked. Accordingly, it is possible to correctly measure the
minute flow rate of the fluid passing through the fluid passage. |