Molecular sieve abstract
The present invention relates to new crystalline molecular sieve
SSZ-63 prepared using N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium cation
as a structure-directing agent, methods for synthesizing SSZ-63
and processes employing SSZ-63 in a catalyst.
Molecular sieve claims
What is claimed is:
1. A molecular sieve having a mole ratio greater than about 15
of (1) an oxide of a first tetravalent element to (2) an oxide of
a trivalent element, pentavalent element, second tetravalent element
which is different from said first tetravalent element or mixture
thereof and having, after calcination, the X-ray diffraction lines
of Table II.
2. A molecular sieve having a mole ratio greater than about 15
of (1) an oxide selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide,
germanium oxide and mixtures thereof to (2) an oxide selected from
aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, iron oxide, boron oxide, titanium
oxide, indium oxide, vanadium oxide and mixtures thereof, and having,
after calcination, the X-ray diffraction lines of Table II.
3. A molecular sieve according to claim 2 wherein the oxides comprise
silicon oxide and aluminum oxide.
4. A molecular sieve according to claim 2 wherein the oxides comprise
silicon oxide and boron oxide.
5. A molecular sieve according to claim 2 wherein the oxides comprise
silicon oxide and germanium oxide.
6. A molecular sieve according to claim 2 wherein the oxide comprises
silicon oxide.
7. A molecular sieve according to claim 1 wherein said molecular
sieve is predominantly in the hydrogen form.
8. A molecular sieve according to claim 1 wherein said molecular
sieve is substantially free of acidity.
9. A molecular sieve according to claim 2 wherein said molecular
sieve is predominantly in the hydrogen form.
10. A molecular sieve according to claim 2 wherein said molecular
sieve is substantially free of acidity.
11. A molecular sieve having a composition, as synthesized and
in the anhydrous state, in terms of mole ratios as follows:
wherein Y is silicon, germanium or a mixture thereof; W is aluminum,
gallium, iron, boron, titanium, indium, vanadium or mixtures thereof;
c is 1 or 2; d is 2 when c is 1 or d is 3 or 5 when c is 2; M is
an alkali metal cation, alkaline earth metal cation or mixtures
thereof; n is the valence of M; and Q is a N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium
cation.
12. A molecular sieve according to claim 11 wherein W is aluminum
and Y is silicon.
13. A molecular sieve according to claim 11 wherein W is boron
and Y is silicon.
14. A molecular sieve according to claim 11 wherein Y is a mixture
of germanium and silicon and the mole ratio of YO.sub.2 /W.sub.c
O.sub.d is .infin..
15. A method of preparing a crystalline material comprising (1)
an oxide of a first tetravalent element and (2) an oxide of a trivalent
element, pentavalent element, second tetravalent element which is
different from said first tetravalent element or mixture thereof
and having mole ratio of the first oxide to the second oxide greater
than 15 said method comprising contacting under crystallization
conditions sources of said oxides and a structure directing agent
comprising a N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium cation.
16. The method according to claim 15 wherein the first tetravalent
element is selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium
and combinations thereof.
17. The method according to claim 15 wherein the trivalent element,
pentavalent element or second tetravalent element is selected from
the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, iron, boron, titanium,
indium, vanadium and combinations thereof.
18. The method according to claim 17 wherein the trivalent element
or second tetravalent element is selected from the group consisting
of aluminum, boron, titanium and combinations thereof.
19. The method according to claim 16 wherein the first tetravalent
element is silicon.
20. The method of claim 15 wherein the crystalline material has,
after calcination, the X-ray diffraction lines of Table II.
21. The method of claim 15 wherein the crystalline material has
the BEA* crystal structure.
Molecular sieve description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to new crystalline molecular sieve
SSZ-63 a method for preparing SSZ-63 using N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium
cation as a structure directing agent and the use of SSZ-63 in catalysts
for, e.g., hydrocarbon conversion reactions.
2. State of the Art
Because of their unique sieving characteristics, as well as their
catalytic properties, crystalline molecular sieves and zeolites
are especially useful in applications such as hydrocarbon conversion,
gas drying and separation. Although many different crystalline molecular
sieves have been disclosed, there is a continuing need for new zeolites
with desirable properties for gas separation and drying, hydrocarbon
and chemical conversions, and other applications. New zeolites may
contain novel internal pore architectures, providing enhanced selectivities
in these processes.
Crystalline aluminosilicates are usually prepared from aqueous
reaction mixtures containing alkali or alkaline earth metal oxides,
silica, and alumina. Crystalline borosilicates are usually prepared
under similar reaction conditions except that boron is used in place
of aluminum. By varying the synthesis conditions and the composition
of the reaction mixture, different zeolites can often be formed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a family of crystalline molecular
sieves with unique properties, referred to herein as "molecular
sieve SSZ-63" or simply "SSZ-63". Preferably, SSZ-63
is obtained in its'silicate, aluminosilicate, titanosilicate, germanosilicate,
vanadosilicate or borosilicate form. The term "silicate"
refers to a molecular sieve having a high mole ratio of silicon
oxide relative to aluminum oxide, preferably a mole ratio greater
than 100 including molecular sieves comprised entirely of silicon
oxide. As used herein, the term "aluminosilicate" refers
to a molecular sieve containing both alumina and silica and the
term "borosilicate" refers to a molecular sieve containing
oxides of both boron and silicon.
In accordance with this invention, there is provided a molecular
sieve having a mole ratio greater than about 15 of (1) an oxide
of a first tetravalent element to (2) an oxide of a trivalent element,
pentavalent element, second tetravalent element different from said
first tetravalent element or mixture thereof and having, after calcination,
the X-ray diffraction lines of Table II.
Further, in accordance with this invention, there is provided a
molecular sieve having a mole ratio greater than about 15 of (1)
an oxide selected from silicon oxide, germanium oxide and mixtures
thereof to (2) an oxide selected from aluminum oxide, gallium oxide,
iron oxide, boron oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide, vanadium
oxide and mixtures thereof and having, after calcination, the X-ray
diffraction lines of Table II below. It should be noted that the
mole ratio of the first oxide or mixture of first oxides to the
second oxide can be infinity, i.e., there is no second oxide in
the molecular sieve. In these cases, the molecular sieve is an all-silica
molecular sieve or a germanosilicate.
The present invention further provides such a molecular sieve having
a composition, as synthesized and in the anhydrous state, in terms
of mole ratios as follows:
YO.sub.2 /W.sub.c O.sub.d 15-.infin. M.sub.2/a /YO.sub.2 0.01-0.03
Q/YO.sub.2 0.02-0.05
wherein Y is silicon, germanium or a mixture thereof; W is aluminum,
gallium, iron, boron, titanium, indium, vanadium or mixtures thereof;
c is 1 or 2; d is 2 when c is 1 (i.e., W is tetravalent) or d is
3 or 5 when c is 2 (i.e., d is 3 when W is trivalent or 5 when W
is pentavalent); M is an alkali metal cation, alkaline earth metal
cation or mixtures thereof; n is the valence of M (i.e., 1 or 2);
and Q is N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium cation.
In accordance with this invention, there is also provided a molecular
sieve prepared by thermally treating a zeolite having a mole ratio
of an oxide selected from silicon oxide, germanium oxide and mixtures
thereof to an oxide selected from aluminum oxide, gallium oxide,
iron oxide, boron oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide, vanadium
oxide and mixtures thereof greater than about 15 at a temperature
of from about 200.degree. C. to about 800.degree. C., the thus-prepared
zeolite having the X-ray diffraction lines of Table II. The present
invention also includes this thus-prepared molecular sieve which
is predominantly in the hydrogen form, which hydrogen form is prepared
by ion exchanging with an acid or with a solution of an ammonium
salt followed by a second calcination.
Also provided in accordance with the present invention is a method
of preparing a crystalline material comprising (1) an oxide of a
first tetravalent element and (2) an oxide of a trivalent element,
pentavalent element, second tetravalent element which is different
from said first tetravalent element, or mixture thereof and having
mole ratio of the first oxide to the second oxide greater than 15
said method comprising contacting under crystallization conditions
sources of said oxides and a structure directing agent comprising
N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium cation. The method of this invention
can be used to synthesize crystalline materials having, after calcination,
the X-ray diffraction lines of Table II, as well as crystalline
materials having the BEA* crystal structure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The drawing is a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of calcined SSZ-63.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a family of crystalline, large
pore molecular sieves designated herein "molecular sieve SSZ-63"
or simply "SSZ-63". As used herein, the term "large
pore" means having an average pore size diameter greater than
about 6.0 Angstroms, preferably from about 6.5 Angstroms to about
7.5 Angstroms.
While not wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that
the crystal structure of SSZ-63 consists of two polymorphs of zeolite
beta. Typical zeolite beta (BEA*) has a crystal structure consisting
of about a 50/50 combination of two polymorphs, polymorph A and
polymorph B. It is believed that the crystal structure of SSZ-63
consists of about 60-70% of a beta polymorph referred to herein
as beta-C (Higgins) with the remainder being beta polymorph B. Beta
polymorph C (Higgins) is different from beta polymorph C. The structure
of polymorph C (Higgins) has been postulated in the literature,
but it is believed that polymorph C (Higgins) has heretofore not
been made. A discussion of polymorph C (Higgins) can be found in
Higgins et al, "The framework Topology of Zeolite Beta",
Zeolites, 1988 vol. 8 pp.446-452 with a correction at Higgins
et al., "The Framework Topology of Zeolite Beta--A Correction",
Zeolites, 1989 vol. 9 p. 358.
In preparing SSZ-63 N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium cation
is used as a structure directing agent ("SDA"), also known
as a crystallization template. In general, SSZ-63 is prepared by
contacting an active source of one or more oxides selected from
the group consisting of monovalent element oxides, divalent element
oxides, trivalent element oxides, tetravalent element oxides and
pentavalent elements with the N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium
cation SDA.
SSZ-63 is prepared from a reaction mixture having the composition
shown in Table A below.
TABLE A Reaction Mixture Typical Preferred YO.sub.2 /W.sub.a O.sub.b
>15 30-70 OH--/YO.sub.2 0.10-0.50 0.20-0.30 Q/YO.sub.2 0.05-0.50
0.10-0.20 M.sub.2/n /YO.sub.2 0.02-0.40 0.10-0.25 H.sub.2 O/YO.sub.2
30-80 35-45
where Y, W, Q, M and n are as defined above, and a is 1 or 2 and
b is 2 when a is 1 (i.e., W is tetravalent) and b is 3 when a is
2 (i.e., W is trivalent).
In practice, SSZ-63 is prepared by a process comprising:
(a) preparing an aqueous solution containing sources of at least
one oxide capable of forming a crystalline molecular sieve and a
N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium cation having an anionic counterion
which is not detrimental to the formation of SSZ-63;
(b) maintaining the aqueous solution under conditions sufficient
to form crystals of SSZ-63; and
(c) recovering the crystals of SSZ-63.
Accordingly, SSZ-63 may comprise the crystalline material and the
SDA in combination with metallic and non-metallic oxides bonded
in tetrahedral coordination through shared oxygen atoms to form
a cross-linked three dimensional crystal structure. The metallic
and non-metallic oxides comprise one or a combination of oxides
of a first tetravalent element(s), and one or a combination of a
trivalent element(s), pentavalent element(s), second tetravalent
clement(s) different from the first tetravalent element(s) or mixture
thereof. The first tetravalent element(s) is preferably selected
from the group consisting of silicon, germanium and combinations
thereof. More preferably, the first tetravalent element is silicon.
The trivalent element, pentavalent element and second tetravalent
element (which is different from the first tetravalent element)
is preferably selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium,
iron, boron, titanium, indium, vanadium and combinations thereof.
More preferably, the second trivalent or tetravalent element is
aluminum or boron.
Typical sources of aluminum oxide for the reaction mixture include
aluminates, alumina, aluminum colloids, aluminum oxide coated on
silica sol, hydrated alumina gels such as Al(OH).sub.3 and aluminum
compounds such as AlCl.sub.3 and Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3. Typical
sources of silicon oxide include silicates, silica hydrogel, silicic
acid, fumed silica, colloidal silica, tetra-alkyl orthosilicates,
and silica hydroxides. Boron, as well as gallium, germanium, titanium,
indium; vanadium and iron, can be added in forms corresponding to
their aluminum and silicon counterparts.
A source zeolite reagent may provide a source of aluminum or boron.
In most cases, the source zeolite also provides a source of silica.
The source zeolite in its dealuminated or deboronated form may also
be used as a source of silica, with additional silicon added using,
for example, the conventional sources listed above. Use of a source
zeolite reagent as a source of alumina for the present process is
more completely described in U.S. Pat. No. 5225179 issued Jul.
6 1993 to Nakagawa entitled "Method of Making Molecular Sieves",
the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Typically, an alkali metal hydroxide and/or an alkaline earth metal
hydroxide, such as the hydroxide of sodium, potassium, lithium,
cesium, rubidium, calcium, and magnesium, is used in the reaction
mixture; however, this component can be omitted so long as the equivalent
basicity is maintained. The SDA may be used to provide hydroxide
ion. Thus, it may be beneficial to ion exchange, for example, the
halide to hydroxide ion, thereby reducing or eliminating the alkali
metal hydroxide quantity required. The alkali metal cation or alkaline
earth cation may be part of the as-synthesized crystalline oxide
material, in order to balance valence electron charges therein.
The reaction mixture is maintained at an elevated temperature until
the crystals of the SSZ-63 are formed. The hydrothermal crystallization
is usually conducted under autogenous pressure, at a temperature
between 100.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., preferably between 135.degree.
C. and 160.degree. C. The crystallization period is typically greater
than 1 day and preferably from about 3 days to about 20 days.
Preferably, the molecular sieve is prepared using mild stirring
or agitation.
During the hydrothermal crystallization step, the SSZ-63 crystals
can be allowed to nucleate spontaneously from the reaction mixture.
The use of SSZ-63 crystals as seed material can be advantageous
in decreasing the time necessary for complete crystallization to
occur. In addition, seeding can lead to an increased purity of the
product obtained by promoting the nucleation and/or formation of
SSZ-63 over any undesired phases. When used as seeds, SSZ-63 crystals
are added in an amount between 0.1 and 10% of the weight of silica
used in the reaction mixture.
Once the molecular sieve crystals have formed, the solid product
is separated from the reaction mixture by standard mechanical separation
techniques such as filtration. The crystals arc water-washed and
then dried, e.g., at 90.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. for from 8
to 24 hours, to obtain the as-synthesized SSZ-63 crystals. The drying
step can be performed at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum.
SSZ-63 as prepared has a mole ratio of an oxide selected from silicon
oxide, germanium oxide and mixtures thereof to an oxide selected
from aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, iron oxide, boron oxide, titanium
oxide, indium oxide, vanadium oxide and mixtures thereof greater
than about 15; and has, after calcination, the X-ray diffraction
lines of Table II below. SSZ-63 further has a composition, as synthesized
(i.e., prior to removal of the SDA from the SSZ-63) and in the anhydrous
state, in terms of mole ratios, shown in Table B below.
TABLE B As-Synthesized SSZ-63 YO.sub.2 /W.sub.c O.sub.d >15
M.sub.2/n /YO.sub.2 0.01-0.03 Q/YO.sub.2 0.02-0.05
where Y, W, c, d, M, n and Q are as defined above. SSZ-63 can be
made essentially aluminum free, i.e., having a silica to alumina
mole ratio of .infin.. A method of increasing the mole ratio of
silica to alumina is by using standard acid leaching or chelating
treatments. However, essentially aluminum-free SSZ-63 can be synthesized
directly using essentially aluminum-free silicon sources as the
main tetrahedral metal oxide component, if boron is also present.
The boron can then be removed, if desired, by treating the borosilicate
SSZ-63 with acetic acid at elevated temperature (as described in
Jones et Al., Chem. Mater., 2001 13 1041-1050) to produce an all-silica
version of SSZ-63. SSZ-63 can also be prepared directly as a borosilicate.
If desired, the boron can be removed as described above and replaced
with metal atoms by techniques known in the art to make, e.g., an
aluminosilicate version of SSZ-63. SSZ-63 can also be prepared directly
as an aluminosilicate.
Lower silica to alumina ratios may also be obtained by using methods
which insert aluminum into the crystalline framework. For example,
aluminum insertion may occur by thermal treatment of the zeolite
in combination with an alumina binder or dissolved source of alumina.
Such procedures are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4559315 issued
on Dec. 17 1985 to Chang et al.
It is believed that SSZ-63 is comprised of a new framework structure
or topology which is characterized by its X-ray diffraction pattern.
SSZ-63 as-synthesized, has a crystalline structure whose X-ray
powder diffraction pattern exhibit the characteristic lines shown
in Table I and is thereby distinguished from other molecular sieves.
TABLE I As-Synthesized SSZ-63 2 Theta.sup.(a) d-spacing (Angstroms)
Relative Intensity (%) 7.17 12.32 W 7.46 11.84 W 7.86 11.24 W 8.32
10.62 W 21.42 4.15 M 22.46 3.96 VS 22.85 3.89 W 25.38 3.51 W 27.08
3.29 W 29.62 3.01 W .sup.(a).+-.0.2 .sup.(b) The X-ray patterns
provided are based on a relative intensity scale in which the strongest
line in the X-ray pattern is assigned a value of 100: W(weak) is
less than 20; M(medium) is between 20 and 40; S(strong) is between
40 and 60; VS(very strong) is greater than 60.
Table IA below shows the X-ray powder diffraction lines for as-synthesized
SSZ-63 including actual relative intensities.
TABLE IA 2 Theta.sup.(a) d-spacing (Angstroms) Relative Intensity
(%) 7.17 12.32 5.1 7.46 11.84 13.5 7.86 11.24 10.2 8.32 10.62 4.7
13.38 6.61 1.7 17.20 5.15 1.4 18.21 4.87 2.0 19.29 4.60 1.5 21.42
4.15 15.7 22.46 3.96 100.0 22.85 3.89 6.9 25.38 3.51 6.7 26.02 3.42
1.8 27.08 3.29 12.3 28.80 3.10 3.2 29.62 3.01 8.5 30.50 2.93 2.9
32.88 2.72 1.4 33.48 2.67 5.7 34.76 2.58 1.8 36.29 2.47 1.6 37.46
2.40 1.3 .sup.(a).+-.0.2
After calcination, the SSZ-63 molecular sieves have a crystalline
structure whose X-ray powder diffraction pattern include the characteristic
lines shown in Table II:
TABLE II Calcined SSZ-63 2 Theta.sup.(a) d-spacing (Angstroms)
Relative Intensity (%) 7.19 12.29 M 7.42 11.91 VS 7.82 11.30 VS
8.30 10.64 M 13.40 6.60 M 21.46 4.14 W 22.50 3.95 VS 22.81 3.90
W 27.14 3.28 M 29.70 3.06 W .sup.(a).+-.0.2
Table IIA below shows the X-ray powder diffraction lines for calcined
SSZ-63 including actual relative intensities.
TABLE IIA 2 Theta.sup.(a) d-spacing (Angstroms) Relative Intensity
(%) 7.19 12.29 27.7 7.42 11.91 68.5 7.82 11.29 67.0 8.30 10.64 40.1
10.46 8.45 3.1 11.31 7.82 6.7 13.40 6.60 25.1 14.38 6.16 5.3 14.60
6.06 6.5 21.46 4.14 11.2 22.50 3.95 100.0 22.81 3.90 13.0 25.42
3.50 9.2 27.14 3.28 19.6 28.80 3.10 8.2 29.70 3.01 11.0 30.48 2.93
3.3 33.56 2.67 3.9 34.86 2.57 3.3 36.29 2.47 3.2 37.64 2.39 2.8
.sup.(a).+-.0.2
The X-ray powder diffraction patterns were determined by standard
techniques. The radiation was the K-alpha/doublet of copper. The
peak heights and the positions, as a function of 2.theta. where
.theta. is the Bragg angle, were read from the relative intensities
of the peaks, and d, the interplanar spacing in Angstroms corresponding
to the recorded lines, can be calculated.
The variation in the scattering angle (two theta) measurements,
due to instrument error and to differences between individual samples,
is estimated at .+-.0.20 degrees.
The X-ray diffraction pattern of Table I is representative of "as-synthesized"
or "as-made" SSZ-63 molecular sieves. Minor variations
in the diffraction pattern can result from variations in the silica-to-alumina
or silica-to-boron mole ratio of the particular sample due to changes
in lattice constants. In addition, sufficiently small crystals will
affect the shape and intensity of peaks, leading to significant
peak broadening.
Representative peaks from the X-ray diffraction pattern of calcined
SSZ-63 are shown in Table II. Calcination can also result in changes
in the intensities of the peaks as compared to patterns of the "as-made"
material, as well as minor shifts in the diffraction pattern. The
molecular sieve produced by exchanging the metal or other cations
present in the molecular sieve with various other cations (such
as H.sup.+ or NH.sub.4.sup.+) yields essentially the same diffraction
pattern, although again, there may be minor shifts in the interplanar
spacing and variations in the relative intensities of the peaks.
Notwithstanding these minor perturbations, the basic crystal lattice
remains unchanged by these treatments.
Crystalline SSZ-63 can be used as-synthesized, but preferably will
be thermally treated (calcined). Usually, it is desirable to remove
the alkali metal cation by ion exchange and replace it with hydrogen,
ammonium, or any desired metal ion. The molecular sieve can be leached
with chelating agents, e.g., EDTA or dilute acid solutions, to increase
the silica to alumina mole ratio. The molecular sieve can also be
steamed; steaming helps stabilize the crystalline lattice to attack
from acids.
The molecular sieve can be used in intimate combination with hydrogenating
components, such as tungsten, vanadium, molybdenum, rhenium, nickel,
cobalt, chromium, manganese, or a noble metal, such as palladium
or platinum, for those applications in which a hydrogenation-dehydrogenation
function is desired.
Metals may also be introduced into the molecular sieve by replacing
some of the cations in the molecular sieve with metal cations via
standard ion exchange techniques (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos.
3140249 issued Jul. 7 1964 to Plank et al.; 3140251 issued
Jul. 7 1964 to Plank et al.; and 3140253 issued Jul. 7 1964
to Plank et al.). Typical replacing cations can include metal cations,
e.g., rare earth, Group IA, Group IIA and Group VIII metals, as
well as their mixtures. Of the replacing metallic cations, cations
of metals such as rare earth, Mn, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cd, Pt, Pd, Ni, Co,
Ti, Al, Sn, and Fe are particularly preferred.
The hydrogen, ammonium, and metal components can be ion-exchanged
into the SSZ-63. The SSZ-63 can also be impregnated with the metals,
or the metals can be physically and intimately admixed with the
SSZ-63 using standard methods known to the art.
Typical ion-exchange techniques involve contacting the synthetic
molecular sieve with a solution containing a salt of the desired
replacing cation or cations. Although a wide variety of salts can
be employed, chlorides and other halides, acetates, nitrates, and
sulfates are particularly preferred. The molecular sieve is usually
calcined prior to the ion-exchange procedure to remove the organic
matter present in the channels and on the surface, since this results
in a more effective ion exchange. Representative ion exchange techniques
are disclosed in a wide variety of patents including U.S. Pat. No.
3140249 issued on Jul. 7 1964 to Plank et al.; U.S. Pat. No.
3140251 issued on Jul. 7 1964 to Plank et al.; and U.S. Pat.
No. 3140253 issued on Jul. 7 1964 to Plank et al.
Following contact with the salt solution of the desired replacing
cation, the molecular sieve is typically washed with water and dried
at temperatures ranging from 65.degree. C. to about 200.degree.
C. After washing, the molecular sieve can be calcined in air or
inert gas at temperatures ranging from about 200.degree. C. to about
800.degree. C. for periods of time ranging from 1 to 48 hours, or
more, to produce a catalytically active product especially useful
in hydrocarbon conversion processes.
Regardless of the cations present in the synthesized form of SSZ-63
the spatial arrangement of the atoms which form the basic crystal
lattice of the molecular sieve remains essentially unchanged.
SSZ-63 can be formed into a wide variety of physical shapes. Generally
speaking, the molecular sieve can be in the form of a powder, a
granule, or a molded product, such as extrudate having a particle
size sufficient to pass through a 2-mesh (Tyler) screen and be retained
on a 400-mesh (Tyler) screen. In cases where the catalyst is molded,
such as by extrusion with an organic binder, the SSZ-63 can be extruded
before drying, or, dried or partially dried and then extruded.
SSZ-63 can be composited with other materials resistant to the
temperatures and other conditions employed in organic conversion
processes. Such matrix materials include active and inactive materials
and synthetic or naturally occurring zeolites as well as inorganic
materials such as clays, silica and metal oxides. Examples of such
materials and the manner in which they can be,used are disclosed
in U.S. Pat. No. 4910006 issued May 20 1990 to Zones et al.,
and U.S. Pat. No. 5316753 issued May 31 1994 to Nakagawa, both
of which arc incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
SSZ-63 is useful in catalysts for a variety of hydrocarbon conversion
reactions such as hydrocracking, dewaxing, isomerization and the
like.
EXAMPLES
The following examples demonstrate but do not limit the present
invention.
Example 1
Synthesis of the Structure-Directing Agent A (N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium
cation)
##STR1##
The anion (X.sup.-) associated with the cation may be any anion
which is not detrimental to the formation of the zeolite. Representative
anions include halogen, e.g., fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide,
hydroxide, acetate, sulfate, tetrafluoroborate, carboxylate, and
the like. Hydroxide is the most preferred anion.
The structure-directing agent (SDA) N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium
cation was synthesized according to the procedure described below
(see Scheme 1). To a solution of cyclodecanone (25 gm; 0.16 mol)
in 320 ml anhydrous hexane in a three-necked round bottom flask
equipped with a reflux condenser and a mechanical stirrer, 34 gm
of pyrrolidine (0.48 mol) and 48 gm (0.4 mol) anhydrous magnesium
sulfate were added. The resulting mixture was stirred while heating
at reflux for five days. The reaction mixture was filtered through
a fritted-glass funnel. The filtrate was concentrated at reduced
pressure on a rotary evaporator to yield 32 gm (96%) of the expected
enamine (1-cyclodec-1-enyl-pyrrolidine) as a reddish oily substance.
.sup.1 H-NMR and .sup.13 C-NMR spectra were acceptable for the desired
product. The enamine was reduced to the corresponding amine (N-cyclodecyl-pyrrolidine)
in quantitative yield via catalytic hydrogenation in the presence
of 10% Pd on activated carbon at hydrogen pressure of 55 PSI in
ethanol.
Quaternization of N-cyclodecyl-pyrrolidine With Methyl Iodide (Synthesis
of N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium iodide)
To a solution of 30 gm (0.14 mol.) of N-cyclodecyl-pyrrolidine
in 250 ml anhydrous methanol in a one liter reaction flask, 30 gm
(0.21 mol.) of methyl iodide was added. The reaction mixture was
mechanically stirred for 48 hours at room temperature. Then, a 0.5
mole equivalent of methyl iodide was added and the mixture was heated
to reflux and refluxed for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was
then cooled down and concentrated under reduced pressure on a rotary
evaporator to give the product as a pale yellow solid material.
The product was purified by dissolving in acetone and then precipitating
by adding diethyl ether. The recrystallization yielded 46 gm (93%)
of the pure N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium iodide. .sup.1 H-NMR
and .sup.13 C-NMR were ideal for the product.
Ion Exchange (Synthesis of N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium
hydroxide)
N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium iodide (45 gm; 0.128 mol) was
dissolved in 150 ml water in a 500 ml plastic bottle. To the solution,
160 gm of Ion-Exchange Resin-OH (BIO RAD.RTM. AH1-X8) was added
and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture
Was filtered and the solids were rinsed with an additional 85 ml
of water. The reaction afforded 0.12 mole of the SDA (N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium
hydroxide) as indicated by titration analysis with 0.1N HCl. ##STR2##
Example 2
Synthesis of Borosilicate SSZ-63
A 23 cc Teflon liner was charged with 4.9 gm of 0.61M aqueous solution
of N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium hydroxide (3 mmol SDA), 1.2
gm of 1M aqueous solution of NaOH (1.2 mmol NaOH) and 5.9 gm of
de-ionized water. To this mixture, 0.06 gm of sodium borate decahydrate
(0.157 mmol of Na.sub.2 B.sub.4 O.sub.7.10H.sub.2 O; .about.0.315
mmol B.sub.2 O.sub.3) was added and stirred until completely dissolved.
To this solution, 0.9 gm of CABO-SIL M-5.RTM. fumed silica (.about.14.7
mmol SiO.sub.2) was added and thoroughly stirred by hand. The resulting
gel was capped off and placed in a Parr steel autoclave and heated
in an oven at about 160.degree. C. while tumbling at about 43 rpm.
The reaction was monitored by periodically monitoring the pH of
the gel, and by looking for crystal growth using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). Once the crystallization was completed, after
heating for 12 days at the conditions described above, the starting
reaction gel turned into a clear liquid layer and a fine powdery
precipitate. The mixture was filtered through a fritted-glass funnel.
The collected solids were thoroughly washed with water and, then,
rinsed with acetone (.about.20 ml) to remove any organic residues.
The solids were allowed to air-dry over night and, then, dried in
an oven at 120.degree. C. for 1 hour. The reaction afforded 0.85
gram of SSZ-63. The originality of SSZ-64 was determined from its
unique XRD pattern, and by transmission electron microscopy analysis
Example 3
Conversion of Borosilicate SSZ-63 to Aluminosilicate SSZ-63
Borosilicate SSZ-63 synthesized as described in Example 2 above
and calcined as shown in Example 17 below was suspended in 1M solution
of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (15 ml of 1M Al(NO.sub.3).sub.3.9H.sub.2
O soln./1 gm zeolite). The suspension was heated at reflux for 48
hours. The mixture was then filtered and the collected solids were
thoroughly rinsed with water and air-dried overnight. The solids
were further dried in an oven at 120.degree. C. for 2 hours.
Example 4
Synthesis of Germanosilicate SSZ-63
A 23 cc Teflon liner was charged with 4.85 gm of 0.61M aqueous
solution of N-cyclodecyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium hydroxide (3 mmol
SDA), 1.25 gm of 1M aqueous solution of NaOH (1.25 mmol NaOH) and
5.8 gm of de-ionized water. To this mixture, 0.25 gm of GeO.sub.2
(2.39 mmol) was added and stirred until completely dissolved. To
this solution , 0.7 gm of CAB-O-SIL M-5.RTM. (.about.11.4 mmol SiO.sub.2)
was added and thoroughly stirred by hand. The resulting gel was
capped off and placed in a Parr steel autoclave and heated in an
oven at about 160.degree. C. while tumbling at about 43 rpm. The
reaction was monitored by periodically monitoring the pH of the
gel, and by looking for crystal growth using scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). Once the crystallization was completed, after heating for
six days, the starting reaction gel turned into a clear liquid layer
and a fine powdery precipitate. The mixture,was filtered through
a fritted-glass funnel. The collected solids were thoroughly washed
with water and, then, rinsed with acetone (.about.20 ml) to remove
any organic residues. The solids were allowed to air-dry over night
and, then, dried in an oven at 120.degree. C. for one hour. The
reaction afforded 0.73 gram of SSZ-63.
Examples 5-16
Synthesis of Borosilicate SSZ-63
SSZ-63 was synthesized at varying SiO.sub.2 /B.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratios
in the starting synthesis gel. This was accomplished by using the
synthetic conditions described in Example 2 keeping everything the
same while changing the SiO2/B.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratios in the starting
gel. This was done by keeping the amount of CAB-O-SIL M-5.RTM. (the
source of SiO.sub.2) constant while varying the amount of sodium
borate decahydrates added in each run. Consequently, varying the
amount of sodium borate decahydrates led to varying the SiO.sub.2
/Na ratios in the starting gels. The table below shows the SiO.sub.2
/B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 /Na ratios and the observed products
for each run.
Example Crystallization No. SiO.sub.2 /B.sub.2 O.sub.3 SiO.sub.2
/Na Time(days) Products 5 .infin. 14.7 6 BETA (BEA*) 6 280 13.9
12 SSZ-63 7 140 13.3 12 SSZ-63 8 93 12.7 12 SSZ-63 9 70 12.1 12
SSZ-63 10 56 11.6 12 SSZ-63 11 47 11.2 12 SSZ-63 12 40 10.7 12 SSZ-63
13 31 10 12 SSZ-63 14 23 9 12 SSZ-63 15 19 8.2 12 SSZ-63 16 12.6
6.8 12 SSZ-63 SiO.sub.2 /OH = 3.7 SiO.sub.2 /R.sup.+ = 4.9 H.sub.2
O/SiO.sub.2 = 44 (R.sup.+ = organic cation (SDA))
Example 17
Calcination of SSZ-63
The material from Example 3 is calcined in the following manner.
A thin bed of material is heated in a muffle furnace from room temperature
to 120.degree. C. at a rate of 1.degree. C. per minute and held
at 120.degree. C. for three hours. The temperature is then ramped
up to 540.degree. C. at the same rate and held at this temperature
for five hours, after which it is increased to 594.degree. C. and
held there for another five hours. A 50/50 mixture of air and nitrogen
is passed over the SSZ-63 at a rate of 20 standard cubic feet per
minute during heating.
Example 18
NH.sub.4 Exchange
Ion exchange of calcined SSZ-63 material (as prepared in Example
2 and calcined as in Example 17) is performed using NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3
to convert the SSZ-63 from its Na.sup.+ form to the NH.sub.4.sup.+
form, and, ultimately, the H.sup.+ form. Typically, the same mass
of NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 as SSZ-63 is slurried in water at a ratio of
25-50:1 water to SSZ-63. The exchange solution is heated at 95.degree.
C. for two hours and then filtered. This procedure can be repeated
up to three times. Following the final exchange, the SSZ-63 is washed
several times with water and dried. This NH.sub.4.sup.+ form of
SSZ-63 can then be converted to the H.sup.+ form by calcination
(as described in Example 17) to 540.degree. C.
Example 19
Constraint Index Determination
The hydrogen form of the SSZ-63 of Example 2 (after treatment according
to Examples 17 3 and 18) is pelletized at 2-3 KPSI, crushed and
meshed to 20-40 and then >0.50 gram is calcined at about 540.degree.
C. in air for four hours and cooled in a desiccator. 0.50 Gram is
packed into a 3/8 inch stainless steel tube with alundum on both
sides of the molecular sieve bed. A Lindburg furnace is used to
heat the reactor tube. Helium is introduced into the reactor tube
at 10 cc/min. and at atmospheric pressure. The reactor is heated
to about 315.degree. C., and a 50/50 (w/w) feed of n-hexane and
3-methylpentane is introduced into the reactor at a rate of 8 .mu.l/min.
Feed delivery is made via a Brownlee pump. Direct sampling into
a gas chromatograph begins after ten minutes of feed introduction.
The Constraint Index value is calculated from the gas chromatographic
data using methods known in the art. SSZ-63 has a Constraint Index
of 1.1 after 10 minutes at 315 .degree. C. with 87.7% feed conversion.
The Constraint Index dropped with time on stream (0.6 at 100 minutes)
suggesting that SSZ-63 is a large pore molecular sieve.
Example 20
Hydrocracking of n-Hexadecane
A sample of SSZ-63 as prepared in Example 2 was treated as in Examples
17 3 and 18. Then a sample was slurried in water and the pH of
the slurry was adjusted to a pH of .about.10 with dilute ammonium
hydroxide. To the slurry was added a solution of Pd(NH.sub.3).sub.4
(NO.sub.3).sub.2 at a concentration which would provide 0.5 wt.
% Pd with respect to the dry weight of the molecular sieve sample.
This slurry was stirred for 48 hours at 100.degree. C. After cooling,
the slurry was filtered through a glass frit, washed with de-ionized
water, and dried at 100.degree. C. The catalyst was then calcined
slowly up to 482.degree. C. in air and held there for three hours.
The calcined catalyst was pelletized in a Carver Press and crushed
to yield particles with a 20/40 mesh size range. Sized catalyst
(0.5 g) was packed into a 1/4 inch OD tubing reactor in a micro
unit for n-hexadecane hydroconversion. The table below gives the
run conditions and the products data for the hydrocracking test
on n-hexadecane. After the catalyst was tested with n-hexadecane,
it was titrated using a solution of butyl amine in hexane. The temperature
was increased and the conversion and product data evaluated again
under titrated conditions. The results shown in the table below
show that SSZ-63 is effective as a hydrocracking catalyst.
Temperature 500.degree. F. (260.degree. C.) 560.degree. F. (293.degree.
C.) Time-on-Stream (hrs.) 6.1-7.1 47.6-50.1 WHSV 1.55 1.55 PSIG
1200 1200 Titrated? No Yes n-16 % Conversion 100 96.5 Hydrocracking
Conv. 93.4 34.95 Isomerization Selectivity, % 6.6 63.8 Cracking
Selectivity, % 93.4 36.2 C4-, % 8.8 31.85 C5/C4 9.6 12.85 C5 + C6/C5
% 23.34 18.1 DMB/MP 0.12 0.07 C4-C13 i/n yield 6.98 4.88 C7-C13
yield 64.84 26.6
Example 21
Argon Adsorption Analysis
SSZ-63 has a micropore volume of 0.22 cc/gm based on argon adsorption
isotherm at 87.6 K recorded on ASAP. 2010 equipment from Micromerities.
The low-pressure dose was 3.00 cm.sup.3 /g (STP) with 15-s equilibration
interval. The argon adsorption isotherm was analyzed using the density
function theory (DFT) formalism and parameters developed for activated
carbon slits by Olivier (Porous Mater., 1995 2 9) using the Saito
Foley adaptation of the Horvarth-Kawazoe formalism (Microporous
Materials, 1995 3 531) and the conventional t-plot method (J.
Catalysis, 1965 4 319). Analogous measurements were made with
nitrogen using the Digisorb system. |