Safety syringe abstract
An automatic safety syringe (100) comprises: a syringe body (1),
hollow on the inside and open at the front and rear, a plunger (40)
sliding inside the syringe body (1) with an injection stroke extending
from a retracted syringe-filling position to a forward syringe-emptying
position, the plunger (40) being provided at the rear with a shaft
(50) that can be operated manually and brought out of the syringe
body through the rear end (80) thereof; an injection needle (10)
integral with a needle carrier (11) engageable to the fore end (2)
of the syringe body (1); a hooking device (60 61) connected to
the shaft (50) of the plunger, to hook the needle carrier (11) when
the shaft is at the end of the injection stroke; an automatic device
causing automatic retraction of the shaft of the plunger when the
injection has been completed; and locking means (57) operatively
connected to the stem (50) to block forward movement thereof when
it is in the retracted position after intervention of the automatic
device.
Safety syringe claims
1. A disposable syringe (100) comprising: a syringe body (1) hollow
on the inside and open at the front and rear, a plunger (40) sliding
inside the syringe body (1) with an injection stroke extending from
a retracted syringe-filling position to a forward syringe-emptying
position, said plunger (40) being provided at the rear with a shaft
(50) that can be operated manually and brought out of the syringe
body through the rear end (80) thereof, an injection needle (10)
integral with a needle carrier (11) attachable, directly or by means
of a supporting body (20) to the fore end (2) of the syringe body
(1), hooking means (60 61), operatively connected to said shaft
(50) of the plunger, able to hook said needle carrier (11), to pull
it inside the syringe body, elastic means (70) retained under compression
within said syringe body (1), retaining means (32) operatively connected
to said syringe body to retain said elastic means (70) under compression,
and engagement means (80) operatively connected to said shaft (50)
able to cooperate with said retaining means (32) to free said elastic
means (70) when said plunger (40) has reached the end of the injection
stroke, so that said elastic means (70) can act on said shaft (50)
to cause retraction thereof into the retracted position, characterized
in that it comprises locking means (57) operatively connected to
said shaft (50) to block forward movement of said shaft (50), when
it is in the retracted position, after the injection has been performed.
2. A syringe according to claim 1 characterized in that said locking
means (57) are flexible longitudinal tongues (57) and that provided
in the inner surface of said syringe body (1) is an abutment surface
(31) destined to abut against the end (58) of said tongues (57)
of the shaft, when said shaft (50) is in the retracted position
after the injection has been performed, to prevent a possible forward
movement of said shaft.
3. A syringe according to claim 2 characterized in that said shaft
(50) comprises at least two longitudinal walls (54), disposed in
diametrically opposite positions, and that said tongues (57) are
obtained by means of incisions (55 56) on said at least two longitudinal
walls (54).
4. A syringe according to claim 2 or 3 characterized in that said
end (58) of said tongue (57) protrudes slightly outward with respect
to the peripheral edge of said shaft and that said tongues are inwardly
flexible, so as to bring the end (58) of each tongue within the
lateral bulk of the shaft, when the shaft is inside said chamber
of the syringe body.
5. A syringe according to any one of claims 2 to 4 characterized
in that said abutment surface (31) of said longitudinal flexible
tongues of the shaft, is obtained by means of a rear part (30) of
the syringe body having an inside diameter slightly greater than
the inner chamber of the syringe body.
6. A syringe according to claim 5 characterized in that said elastic
means (70) are disposed inside said rear part (30) of the syringe
body and said retaining means (32) for the elastic means are elastic
retaining tongues (32) formed in said rear part (30) of the syringe
body.
7. A syringe according to claim 6 characterized in that each of
said retaining tongues (32) is obtained by means of two longitudinal
incisions (33) formed at the end of said rear part (30) of the syringe
body and said retaining tongues (32) comprise an inwardly protruding
part (35) able to retain said elastic means under compression.
8. A syringe according to claim 7 characterized in that said engagement
means (80) are disposed at the rear end of said shaft and comprise
a tapered annular surface (81) able to cooperate with a tapered
surface (34) of said tongues (32) causing outward bending of said
retaining tongues (32) so as to free an end of said elastic means
(70) retained by said protruding part of the retaining tongues.
9. A syringe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
in that said needle carrier (11) comprises first engagement means
(13) able to engage directly with the fore end of the syringe body
or with said supporting body (20) able to be secured to the fore
end of the syringe body and second engagement means (16) able to
engage with said hooking means (61).
10. A syringe according to claim 9 characterized in that said
first engagement means of said needle carrier are a first pair of
opposed tongues (13) and said second engagement means of said needle
carrier are a second pair of opposed tongues (16) and said hooking
means are an annular ridge (61) protruding radially inward, disposed
inside a seat (60) formed at the fore end of the head (51) of said
shaft and communicating with the outside.
11. A syringe according to claim 10 characterized in that said
supporting body (20) of the needle carrier comprises: an inner housing
(21) able to accommodate a cylindrical block (12) of said needle
carrier (11), a rear edge (25) able to be engaged by grooves (15)
formed in the outer surface of said first pair of tongues (13) so
as to retain the needle carrier, and transverse tongues (24) protruding
radially outward, so as to be able to be received in a thread (4)
formed in the inner surface of said head (2) of the syringe body
to allow the supporting body (20) to be screwed into the head of
the syringe body.
Safety syringe description
[0001] The present invention refers to an automatic safety syringe.
[0002] As is known, a syringe generally comprises a cylindrical
body open at the rear to accommodate a plunger. A needle, hollow
on the inside, is mounted a head end of the syringe body. By retracting
the plunger the liquid contained in a vial is drawn into the syringe
body through the needle. By pressing on the plunger the liquid contained
inside the syringe body is injected, by means of the needle, into
the patient's body.
[0003] To comply with safety regulations and to avoid the transmission
of infectious diseases, syringes must generally be used just once
and then discarded. For this reason there is growing demand on the
market for disposable syringes able to prevent further use thereof.
[0004] Moreover, syringes generally present drawbacks from the
point of view of safety. In fact, once the syringe has been used,
the needle remains exposed at the head of the syringe body, with
the risk of accidental injuries or needle sticks.
[0005] This drawback is overcome in part by European patent EP
0636381 which describes a protective device for syringe needles.
In this case, when the plunger of the syringe reaches the end of
its stroke, the fore end of the plunger shaft catches the needle.
When the injection is completed the user must manually retract the
shaft; in this manner the needle is pulled by the head of the shaft
into a safety position inside the syringe body which avoids accidental
needle sticks.
[0006] Said solution has problems during hooking of the needle
carrier and has the drawback that the user, having completed the
injection, can forget to carry out retraction of the shaft, leaving
the needle exposed and thus rendering the protective device ineffective.
[0007] Patent application PCT WO 99/37345 describes a disposable
safety syringe which provides a needle-covering sleeve axially mounted
on the syringe body and sliding from a retracted position, in which
it leaves the needle exposed to allow injection, to a forward position
in which it completely covers the needle, preventing re-use of the
syringe and acting as a protection against accidental needle sticks.
[0008] Once the injection has been completed, the sleeve is automatically
carried in the safety forward position, by means of an automatic
system and without any operating by the user. However, such a solution
presents some problems for the provision and driving of an additional
member, such as a needle-covering sleeve.
[0009] The object of the present invention is to eliminate the
drawbacks of the prior art, providing a disposable safety syringe
that is practical, versatile, cheap and simple to make.
[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide such
an automatic safety syringe that is able to prevent further attempts
at use.
[0011] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide
such an automatic syringe that is extremely safe and able to prevent
accidental injuries or tampering after use thereof.
[0012] These objects are achieved in accordance with the invention
with the characteristics listed in appended independent claim 1.
[0013] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are apparent from
the dependent claims.
[0014] The disposable syringe according to the invention comprises
a syringe body hollow on the inside and open at the front and rear,
a plunger that can slide inside the syringe body with an injection
stroke extending from a retracted syringe-filling position to a
forward syringe-emptying position, and an injection needle integral
with a needle-carrier that can be engaged at the fore end of the
syringe body. The plunger is provided at the rear with a shaft that
can be operated manually and brought out of the syringe body through
the rear end thereof. The syringe comprises an injection needle
integral with a needle carrier that can be engaged directly or by
means of a supporting body at the fore end of the syringe body.
[0015] A hooking device is provided such as to hook the needle
carrier in order to pull it into the syringe body, when the plunger
reaches the end of its stroke after the injection has been carried
out.
[0016] Furthermore an automatic device is provided which allows
the shaft of the piston to be retracted into a retracted position
after the injection has been carried out and after the hooking device
has hooked the needle.
[0017] The peculiarity of the invention lies in the fact that locking
means operationally connected to the shaft of the plunger are provided
to block forward movement of the shaft when it is in the retracted
position, after the injection has been carried out and the automatic
shaft retracting device has come into operation.
[0018] The advantages of the disposable syringe according to the
invention are evident. In fact, once the injection has been completed,
the hooking device intervenes to hook the needle carrier, the automatic
device to cause retraction of the shaft which pulls the needle inside
the syringe body and the locking device to block any attempt, voluntary
or involuntary, to advance the plunger shaft, which would cause
the needle to re-emerge from the head of the syringe body.
[0019] In this manner the needle always remains protected inside
the syringe body, avoiding the risk of accidental needle sticks
and the possibility of re-use of the syringe.
[0020] Further characteristics of the invention will be made clearer
by the detailed description that follows, referring to a purely
exemplary and therefore non-limiting embodiment thereof, illustrated
in the appended drawings, in which:
[0021] FIG. 1 is an exploded axonometric view illustrating the
automatic safety syringe according to the invention;
[0022] FIG. 2 is an enlarged, perspective view illustrating a needle
carrier inserted in its supporting body;
[0023] FIG. 3 is a side view of the needle carrier and supporting
body assembly of FIG. 2;
[0024] FIG. 4 is an axial sectional view along sectional plane
IV-IV of FIG. 3;
[0025] FIG. 5 is an axial sectional view along sectional plane
V-V of FIG. 4;
[0026] FIG. 6 is a view partially in axial section, broken off,
showing the supporting body of the needle carrier mounted in the
top of the syringe body;
[0027] FIG. 7 is an axial sectional view illustrating the syringe
of FIG. 1 assembled;
[0028] FIG. 8 is a view like FIG. 7 in which the plunger is in
a forward position near its forward end of stroke at the end of
the injection;
[0029] FIG. 9 is a view like FIG. 7 in which the injection has
been completed and automatic retraction of the plunger shaft has
taken place.
[0030] The automatic safety syringe according to the invention,
denoted as a whole with reference numeral 100 is described with
the aid of the figures.
[0031] With reference for now to FIG. 1 in particular, the syringe
100 comprises a cylindrical body 1 hollow on the inside, defining
a cylindrical chamber. The body 1 has a flange 3 which protrudes
radially outward. A cylindrical rear part 30 of the body 1 axially
open toward the outside is provided behind the flange 3. As shown
in FIG. 7 the rear part 30 has an inside diameter slightly greater
than the inside diameter of the body 1 of the syringe so as to define
an annular abutment surface 31.
[0032] In the rear part 30 of the body two longitudinal tongues
32 disposed in diametrically opposite positions are provided. Each
tongue 32 is obtained by means of two longitudinal incisions formed
on the rear part 30 of the syringe body. The tongues 32 are flexible
and can bend outward. Each tongue 32 has an inwardly tapered rear
end 34 which defines an inwardly protruding part having an abutment
surface 35 protruding radially inward from the inner surface of
the tongue 32.
[0033] A spring 70 is retained inside the rear part 30 of the syringe
body, compressed between the annular abutment surface 31 and the
abutment surface 35 of the tongues 32.
[0034] The fore end of the body 1 is tapered and ends with an outwardly
open head 2 in the form of a cylindrical tang, with a smaller diameter
than the body 4. As shown better in FIG. 6 an inner thread 4 is
formed in the inner surface of the head 2.
[0035] A needle 10 is supported by a needle carrier 11. As better
shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 the needle carrier 11 comprises a cylindrical
block 12 which has an axial hole to receive an end of the needle
10. The cylindrical block 12 has four flexible tongues comprising
a first pair of opposed tongues 13 and a second pair of opposed
tongues 16. The tongues 13 and 16 are disposed around an axial space
14 and are separated from one another by longitudinal slits of the
space 14.
[0036] The two flexible tongues 13 of the first pair have a tapered
outwardly protruding outer end surface 19 that defines an outwardly
facing groove 15. The two flexible tongues 16 of the second pair
have a tapered outwardly protruding end surface 18 which delimits
an outwardly facing abutment surface 17. The tongues 13 of the first
pair are slightly shorter than the tongues 16 of the second pair.
[0037] The needle carrier 11 is inserted in a supporting body 20.
With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 the supporting body 20 has a frustoconical
shape, is hollow on the inside and has a cylindrical housing 21
axially able to accommodate the cylindrical block 12 of the needle
carrier, said housing communicating with an axial channel 22 able
to allow the passage of the needle 10 which emerges axially from
the supporting body 20.
[0038] In the vicinity of the rear end of the supporting body 20
two radial slots 23 are disposed in diametrically opposite positions
communicating with the housing 21 so as to delimit an edge part
25 at the rear end of the supporting body 20. In front of the radial
slits 23 are two transverse tongues 24 which protrude radially outward
from the outer side surface of the supporting body 20. The tongues
24 have such a thickness as to be able to engage inside the thread
4 provided inside the head 2 of the syringe body 1.
[0039] As shown in particular in FIG. 4 the needle carrier 11
is inserted inside the supporting body 20 and in particular the
protruding front part of each tongue 13 engages inside the respective
radial slot 23 and the edge 25 of the supporting body 20 engages
inside the two grooves 15 of the two tongues 13. In this manner
the needle carrier 11 is firmly retained and held in an axial position
inside the supporting body 20.
[0040] On compressing the tongues 13 inwardly the edge 25 of the
supporting body 20 disengages from the grooves 15 of the tongues
13 and the needle carrier 11 can be extracted from the supporting
body 20. In this manner the needle carrier 11 is of the interchangeable
type and can be replaced according to the type of needle 10 to be
used.
[0041] The needle carrier 11 and supporting body 20 assembly is
mounted in the head 2 of the syringe body by screwing. To be precise,
the radial tongues 24 of the supporting body are screwed into the
inside thread 4 of the head 2 of the syringe body. The needle 10
is covered by means of a needle guard 26 (FIG. 1) which snap engages
or screws into the cap 20.
[0042] A plunger 40 is made of plastic or rubber material and is
of such a shape as to be able to slide tightly inside the chamber
of the syringe body 1. The plunger 40 has an axial through cavity
able to receive in engagement a head 51 of a plunger shaft 50.
[0043] The shaft 50 comprises an axial body part from which radially
extend four longitudinal walls 54 at right angles to each other,
so that the shaft 50 is substantially cross-shaped in section.
[0044] Two longitudinal tongues 57 disposed respectively on two
diametrically opposed walls 54 are provided in the front part of
the shaft 50. Each longitudinal tongue 57 is delimited by a longitudinal
incision 55 and a transverse incision 56 on the respective wall
54. In normal conditions, the tongues 57 protrude slightly outward
so that the end 58 of each tongue 57 defines an abutment surface
outside the bulk of the side profile of the walls 54. The tongues
57 are flexible and can bend inward when the shaft is inside the
chamber of the syringe body 1 and the tongues 57 are in contact
with the inner wall of the syringe body.
[0045] The walls 54 are disposed between the head 51 and a rear
flange 80. The rear flange 80 constitutes a resting surface for
manual operation of the shaft of the syringe by the user. The flange
80 has in its front end an annular inwardly tapered surface 81 able
to cooperate with the tapered surface 34 of the longitudinal tongues
32 of the rear part 30 of the syringe body. The tapered surface
81 of the rear flange 80 defines a radial abutment surface 82.
[0046] The head 51 has a first annular flange 52 which engages
in an annular seat of the cavity 41 of the plunger and a second
annular abutment flange 53 against which the base of the plunger
40 abuts.
[0047] As shown in FIG. 7 the head 51 of the shaft 50 has an outwardly
open cylindrical seat 60. An annular ridge 61 protruding radially
inward is provided inside the cylindrical seat 60. The annular ridge
61 is able to cooperate with the tapered surfaces 19 and 18 of the
tongues 13 and 16 respectively, of the needle carrier 11.
[0048] Operation of the syringe 100 according to the invention
will now be described.
[0049] In an initial situation the needle carrier 11 is mounted
in the supporting body 20 with the edge 25 of the supporting body
20 engaged in the grooves 15 of the tongues 13 of the needle carrier
11. The supporting body 20 is mounted in the head 2 of the syringe
body 1. The needle guard 26 is mounted on the supporting body 20
and keeps the needle 10 covered. The spring 70 is under compression
inside the rear part 30 of the syringe body 1. The plunger 40 is
mounted on the head of the shaft 50 and is inside the chamber of
the syringe body 1. The longitudinal tongues 57 of the shaft 50
being in abutment with the inner surface of the chamber of the syringe
body, are elastically bent inward.
[0050] Initially, the needle guard 26 is extracted, the needle
10 is positioned in the liquid to be aspirated, and the user retracts
the shaft 50 by means of the operating flange 80 of the shaft 50.
The consequent retraction of the plunger 40 causes a vacuum in the
chamber of the syringe body 1 thus the liquid is drawn into the
chamber of the syringe body 1 through the needle 10 and the syringe
is substantially in the configuration shown in FIG. 7. Obviously
the syringe could alternatively be pre-filled.
[0051] When the injection is performed, the user presses the rear
part 80 of the shaft 50 causing a forward movement of the plunger
40 which pushes the liquid that is injected through the needle 10.
[0052] As shown in FIG. 8 when the plunger 40 arrives in the vicinity
of the end of its stroke, the tapered end parts 19 and 18 of the
tongues 13 and 16 respectively, of the needle carrier 11 enter
the seat 60 of the head 51 of the shaft and come into contact with
the annular ridge 61 provided inside the seat 60.
[0053] In particular, the outer tapered surface 18 of the tongues
16 and the outer tapered surface 19 of the tongues 13 slide on the
annular ridge 61 and consequently the tongues 16 and the tongues
13 bend inward. When the plunger 40 reaches the end of its stroke,
the annular ridge 61 passes the tapered outer surface 18 of the
tongues 16. Consequently the tongues 16 snap outward and the abutment
surface 17 of the tongues 16 engages with the annular ridge 61 of
the head of the shaft. In this condition, the needle carrier 11
is hooked by the head of the shaft.
[0054] The tongues 13 also, sliding on the annular ridge 61 bend
inward and, when the plunger has reached the end of its stroke,
the grooves 15 of the tongues 13 disengage from the edge 25 of the
supporting body 20. In this condition the needle carrier 11 is hooked
to the head of the shaft and is no longer retained by the supporting
body 20 which is integral with the head 2 of the syringe body.
[0055] When the plunger 40 is at the end of its stroke, the tapered
surface 81 of the rear flange 80 of the shaft abuts against the
tapered surface 34 of the end of the tongues 32 of the rear part
30 of the syringe body. Consequently the tongues 32 bend outward
and one end of the spring 70 is no longer retained by the retaining
surface 35. As a result the spring 70 which was compressed, is
released and its free end abuts against the abutment surface 82
of the rear flange 80 causing automatic and involuntary retraction
of the shaft 50.
[0056] Since the needle carrier 11 is constrained to the head 51
of the shaft 50 when the spring 70 causes retraction of the shaft
50 the needle 10 is pulled inside the chamber of the syringe body
by the needle carrier, as shown in FIG. 9.
[0057] During automatic retraction of the shaft 50 when the free
end 58 of the longitudinal tongues 57 of the shaft 50 goes beyond
the abutment surface 31 inside the syringe body 1 substantially
level with the flange 3 of the syringe body, the longitudinal tongues
57 bend outward, within the rear part 30 of the syringe body.
[0058] In this situation forward movement of the shaft 50 can no
longer be caused, since the ends 58 of the tongues 57 would abut
against the abutment surface 31 of the inner wall of the syringe
body, preventing any attempt to push the shaft 50 forward. In this
manner the needle 10 always remains protected inside the chamber
of the syringe body and possible injury or attempts to re-use the
syringe are avoided.
[0059] Numerous changes and modifications of detail within the
reach of a person skilled in the art can be made to the present
embodiment of the invention without departing from the scope of
the invention, set forth in the appended claims. |